Zero-water exchange culture tanks were stocked with Penaeus vannamei postlarvae to compare the effects of (i) three dietary phosphorus levels: 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 %, and (ii) three dietary inorganic phosphorus sources: CaHPO4, Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4, on postlarvae biological performance, and total reactive phosphorus accumulation in the water (TRPAW). Dietary Ca:P ratio was maintained within a 1:1 to 1:2 ratio. Postlarvae survival was high and not significantly different among treatments. Postlarvae growth was not significantly different, regardless of dietary phosphorus level. TRPAW was significantly higher with increasing level of dietary phosphorus. Dietary inorganic phosphorus source did not have a significant effect on postlarvae growth. No significant differences were found on TRPAW between diets with Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 supplementation at equal dietary phosphorus level. TRPAW was significantly lower with CaHPO4 than with Na2HPO4 or NaH2PO4 supplementation at equal dietary phosphorus level. Environmental quality of culture water may be greatly modified through nutritional strategies without negatively affecting shrimp biological performance.

Activity of digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase) was studied in relation with food in Penaeus vannamei larvae first stages. Microparticles containing casein involved the decrease of soluble protein content and enzyme activities. Specific trypsin activity but not chymotrypsin was correlated (p < 1%) to casein level between 10 and 60% in microparticles. Cellulose fibres in food seemed to have little effect on digestive enzymes. Starch, between 1 and 20% in microparticles, had no influence on specific amylase activity. The effect of different feeding conditions were also tested on growth. No clear relationship between growth and enzyme is established since only trypsin is concerned in the case of a casein dose effect in the food. The protein source (casein, gelatin, squid meal or fish protein soluble concentrate) as well as the carbohydrate quality (soluble starch, standard corn starch, amylopectin corn starch or pregelatinized corn starch) were tested. Squid meal stimulated significantly chymotrypsinactivity (p < 2%) while trypsin activity decreased with fish protein soluble concentrate p < 5%). Source of carbohydrate seemed very important, amylase activity increased significantly ( p < 2%) with corn starch. These adaptations are not correlated to growth performances since squid meal or fish protein soluble concentrate improved larval development until zoe 3 substage. These results suggest a specific induction of digestive enzymes to the food quality in larvae independent of growth performances.

La notion de qualité des postlarves de crevettes pénéides, qui sous-entend un potentiel de survie, est un paramétre resté longtemps subjectif. Les critères zootechniques et les observations visuelles ne sont pas des paramètres suffisants pour apprécier la condition physiologique des postlarves à la sortie de l'écloserie. La résistance aux chocs de salinité est un critère représentatif de l'état des postlarves. Cette étude a pour but de présenter un modèle de régression non linéaire à deux variables (taille, salinité) de la résistance des postlarves Penaeus vannamei à des chocs de salinité. Entre le 2e et le 20e jour après la métamorphose 5 chocs de salinité. (20, 15, 10, 5 et 2 ‰) sont testés chaque jour, avec respectivement 50 postlarves par salinité. Le taux de survie est enregistré après 2 heures. Parallèlement, la croissance des postlarves en élevage est étudiée par la mesure quotidienne de 30 animaux. La tolérance à la salinité des postlarves P. vannamei augmente avec la taille qui s'accroit d'une façon linéaire.