In this paper we first prove some criteria for the propagation of algebraic dependence of dominant meromorphic mappings from an analytic finite covering space X over the complex m-space into a projective algebraic manifold. We study this problem under a condition on the existence of meromorphic mappings separating the generic fibers of X. We next give applications of these criteria to the uniqueness problem of meromorphic mappings. We deduce unicity theorems for meromorphic mappings and also give some other applications. In particular, we study holomorphic mappings into a smooth elliptic curve E and give conditions under which two holomorphic mappings from X into E are algebraically related.

Let Rn+1 = Rn X R denote the (n + l)-dimensional Euclidian space (n ≧ 1). For X ε Rn+1 we write X = (x, t) with x ε Rn and t ε R. For an α with 0 < α < 1, we write

where Δ is the Laplacian on Rn and (– Δ)α is the α-fractional power of - Δ on R*

Let be a stochastic process, where T is a finite interval. The ε-entropy is defined as the following quantity:

(1)

Several years ago, Huneke and Leuschke proved a theorem solving a conjecture of Schreyer. It asserts that an excellent Cohen-Macaulay local ring of countable Cohen-Macaulay type which is complete or has uncountable residue field has at most a one-dimensional singular locus. In this paper, it is verified that the assumption of the excellent property can be removed, and the theorem is considered over an arbitrary local ring. The main purpose of this paper is to prove that the existence of a certain prime ideal and a certain totally reflexive module implies the existence of an uncountably infinite number of isomorphism classes of indecomposable totally reflexive modules.

In the first half of this paper, all the limits of irreducible characters of Gn = 𝔖n(T) as n → ∞ are calculated. The set of all continuous limit functions on G = 𝔖 ∞(T) is exactly equal to the set of all characters of G determined in [HH6]. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a series of irreducible characters of Gn to have a continuous limit and also such a condition to have a discontinuous limit. In the second half, we study the limits of characters of certain induced representations of Gn which are usually reducible. The limits turn out to be characters of G, and we analyse which of irreducible components are responsible to these limits.

Let $\ell $ be a prime number. The Iwasawa theory of multigraphs is the systematic study of growth patterns in the number of spanning trees in abelian $\ell $-towers of multigraphs. In this context, growth patterns are realized by certain analogs of Iwasawa invariants, which depend on the prime $\ell $ and the abelian $\ell $-tower of multigraphs. We formulate and study statistical questions about the behavior of the Iwasawa $\mu $ and $\lambda $ invariants.

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following three theorems which were announced in [2].

We study the canonical basis for the negative part U- of the quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebra associated to a symmetric Borcherds-Cartan matrix. The algebras U- associated to two different matrices satisfying certain conditions may coincide (6.3). We show that the canonical bases coincide provided that the algebras U- coincide (Theorem 6.3.5). We also answer partially a question by Lusztig in [L3] (Theorem 7.1.1).

Let us consider a surface S of class C3 in Euclidean space E3 and

(1.1) xi = xi(u1, u2) (i, j, k = 1, 2, 3)

be its parametric representation of class C3.

The P-harmonic boundary ΔP and the P-singular point s of a Riemannian manifold R have been shown to play an important role in the study of bounded energy-finite solutions of Δu = Pu (Nakai-Sario [7], Kwon-Sario [4], Kwon-Sario-Schiff [5]). The objective of the present paper is to establish, in terms of ΔP and s, properties of unbounded energy-finite solutions (PE-functions) and of limits of decreasing sequences of positive PE-functions (-functions). Also, PE- and -minimal functions will be discussed.

The notions of tame and wild ramification lead us to make the following definition.

Definition. The quotient field extension of an extension of discrete rank one valuation rings is said to be fiercely ramified if the residue class field extension has a nontrivial inseparable part.

Let A, B be integral symmetric positive definite matrices of degree m and two, respectively, and suppose that A[X] = B is soluble over Zp for every prime p. If m ≥ 7 and min B = min B[x] (Z2 ∋ x i≠ 0) is sufficiently large, then A[X] = B is soluble over Z. We gave a conditional result for m = 6 in [7] under an assumption on the estimate from above of a kind of generalized Weyl sums. Here we give an unconditional result for special sequences of B.

A protagonist here is a new-type invariant for type II degenerations of K3 surfaces, which is explicit piecewise linear convex function from the interval with at most $18$ nonlinear points. Forgetting its actual function behavior, it also classifies the type II degenerations into several combinatorial types, depending on the type of root lattices as appeared in classical examples.

From differential geometric viewpoint, the function is obtained as the density function of the limit measure on the collapsing hyper-Kähler metrics to conjectural segments, as in [HSZ19]. On the way, we also reconstruct a moduli compactification of elliptic K3 surfaces by [AB19], [ABE20], [Brun15] in a more elementary manner, and analyze the cusps more explicitly.

We also interpret the glued hyper-Kähler fibration of [HSVZ18] as a special case from our viewpoint, and discuss other cases, and possible relations with Landau–Ginzburg models in the mirror symmetry context.

Let ; … run over the eigenvalues of the discrete spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on L2(H/yΓ), where H is the upper half of the complex plane and we take Γ = PSL(2, Z). It is well known that Let a be a positive number. Here we are concerned with the zeta function defined by

We assume that the readers are familiar with the notations in Nevanlinna theory, see [2], [9].

Let k be a field of characteristic 0, let be an algebraic closure of k and denote by Gk = G(/k) the absolute Galois group of k. Suppose that for some natural number n ≥ 3 the cohomology group Hn(Gk) Z) is trivial.

Let X be a non-compact Riemann surface and D ⊂ X an open subset. By a classical result due to Behnke and Stein [2] D is Runge in X (i.e. the restriction map has dense image) iff X\D has no compact connected components. In other words the obstruction to holomorphic approximation is purely topological. This result has been generalized to 1-dimensional Stein spaces by Mihalache in [11].

This is a continuation of [5]. In the present part, we study irregular even surfaces of general type with K < 4χ, where K and χ denote respectively a canonical divisor and the holomorphic Euler-Poincaré characteristic. As the first main theorem, we show the following:

Let K\k be a finite Galois extension of finite algebraic number fields with Galois group g. We denote by Gm the multiplicative group defined over the rational number field Q and put

.

For real x ≥ y ≥ 2 and positive integers a, q, let Φ(x, y; a, q) denote the number of positive integers ≤ x, free of prime factors ≤ y and satisfying n ≡ a (mod q). By the fundamental lemma of sieve, it follows that for (a,q) = 1, Φ(x,y;a,q) = φ(q)-1, Φ(x, y){1 + O(exp(-u(log u- log2 3u- 2))) + (u = log x log y) holds uniformly in a wider ranges of x, y and q.

Let χ be any character to the modulus q, and L(s, χ) be the corresponding L-function. Let be a (‘exceptional’) real character to the modulus q for which L(s, ) have a (‘exceptional’) real zero satisfying > 1 - c0/log q. In the paper, we prove that in a slightly short range of q the above first error term can be replaced by where ρ(u) is Dickman function, and ρ′(u) = dρ(u)/du.

The result is an analogue of the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions. From the result can deduce that the above first error term can be omitted, if suppose that 1 < q < (log q)A.