Budget Estimates for the Financial Year 1966 and Information Annexes; Report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions: In its report to the General Assembly on the budget estimates for the financial year 1966, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions noted that the Secretary-General had proposed for 1966 a gross expenditure budget of $116,737,110, an increase of $8,361,405 over the total 1965 gross level of $108,375,705 recommended by the Committee. Of the total estimated income of $17,918,800 for 1966, income from staff assessment (for distribution to Member governments as credits through the Tax Equalization Fund) was calculated at $11,530,000 and income from all other sources (for deduction from gross appropriations for purposes of the assessment of contributions) at $6,388,800. After deduction of estimated income, the net expenditure level for 1966 would be $98,818,310, an increase of $7,402,505 over the total 1965 net level of $91,415,805 recommended by the Advisory Committee. In its report the Advisory Committee recommended reductions in the expenditure estimates totaling $2,130,590. These, together with adjustments in the income estimates, would reduce the net expenditure level for 1966 from $98,818,310, as proposed by the Secretary-General, to $96,814,220. After detailing the contributions made to other organizations in the United Nations family during the years 1961–1966, the Advisory Committee pointed out that, with the 1966 budget estimates submitted by the Secretary-General for the United Nations, the aggregate which member states of the various organizations would be asked to appropriate for the year 1966 would amount to approximately $254·3 million as against $234·7 million for 1965 and $213·3 million for 1964.

In the Introduction to the Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, 16 June 1963–15 June 1964 Secretary-General U Thant observed that the publication of the Introduction had been delayed because of the postponement of the nineteenth session of the General Assembly until December 1, 1964. Taking advantage of this delay, he had brought the Introduction up to date.

The second meeting of the Ministerial Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was held in Paris on November 27–28, 1962, under the chairmanship of Mr. Donald Fleming (then Canadian Minister of Justice and Attorney General). The Council reviewed the economic prospects of the twenty member countries and the Organization's world-wide responsibilities, and surveyed the progress already made toward the growth target defined in 1961.

“Société Électricité de Beyrouth” Case: On August 15, 1953, an application instituting proceedings on behalf of the government of France against the government of Lebanon was filed with the Registry of the International Court of Justice by André Gros, agent for the French government. The French government alleged that the Lebanese government, by a series of acts or omissions dating from the end of 1951 and culminating in placing the Société Électricité de Beyrouth under provisional state control by decrees of March 19 and April 4, 1953, had violated the Franco-Lebanese Treaty of January 24, 1948, and general principles of international law.

The Korean war will no doubt long be regarded as the crucial test of the ability of the United Nations to meet armed aggression with international force. In view of the complexity of the events connected with the war, it may be useful to attempt a tentative appraisal of the United Nations' role up to the point of truce negotiations

Meetings of the Commission

The nineteenth meeting of the Caribbean Commission was held in Trinidad, instead of French Guiana as originally scheduled, from November 29 to December 4, 1954, under the chairmanship of H. R. van Houten (Netherlands). Because of the last minute change in the site, it was agreed to make the meeting a purely working session. The substantive work of the meeting took place in committees which studied the various items on the agenda and prepared reports for the plenary session; the principal items on the agenda concerned the proposed work program and budget for 1955. At the final session the report of the Central Secretariat's activities since the eighteenth meeting was approved by the Commission, which noted with satisfaction the increased number of requests for information received by the Secretariate. The Commission also approved the 1955 work program which included various conferences, meetings, and two cacao cultivation tours in Trinidad. The Secretary-General was directed by the Commission to request the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the following: 1) a fellowship to be given for the training of a Caribbean home economist who would be appointed to work with the Commission after she had finished her training; 2) a forestry expert and a fisheries expert to be assigned to the Caribbean area; and 3) a three-week training course in home economics in the French Caribbean Departments. The latter request was also to be presented to the United States Foreign Operations Administration. The Commission approved in principle the recommendation of the Joint Conference on Education and Small-Scale Farming that the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) assignan educational consultant to the area to beattached to the Central Secretariat. In accordance with a recommendation of the Trade PromotionConference, the Commission agreed that a trade promotion officer should be attached to its staff at the Central Secretariat. The Commission decided to convene in 1956 a Conference on Cooperatives in the Caribbean, jointly sponsored by the Commission and the FAO, and a Conference on Town and Country Development Planning.

The Management Council of the Consultative Committee for Postal Studies of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) held its annual session in Tokyo on October 2–22, 1961. In view of the proximity of the fifteenth Universal Postal Congress, which was to meet in 1963, the Council decided not to meet in 1962. The 1961 plenary meetings of the Council were preceded by meetings of 24 working groups, which discussed the technical, business, and economic problems of post office management.

Like the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development devoted most of its first year of existence to the creation of a working organization, postponing its program of making loans to facilitate the reconstruction and development of productive capacity in many nations.

The Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held its regular semiannual ministerial meeting at Ottawa on May 22–24, 1963. According to the communique released at the end of the meeting, the Ministers emphasized that the enduring character of the North Atlantic alliance, founded on the principles of interdependence and common defense, constituted a basic guarantee for the maintenance of peace.

This article examines the United States-Canadian defense issue area from a transnational and transgovernmental perspective, and attempts to develop conceptually the transgovernmental dimension through empirical application. The first part delineates those factors that encourage transnational and transgovernmental activity in the defense issue area. The second part considers pure intergovernmental transactions, referring to United States-Canadian dealings in which there is no transnational or transgovernmental activity. Because we know so little about how these dealings occur, this section examines pure intergovernmental transactions as a three-stage issue flow: preprocess, process, and postprocess. The third section identifies and examines the dynamics of mixed transactions, referring to intergovernmental flows having transnational or transgovernmental activity that does not essentially alter the outcomes of the flows. The fourth part identifies transformative transactions, referring to intergovernmental flows that become transnational or transgovernmental flows (or the reverse) through the involvement of new actors that significantly alter the outcomes of the flows. In summation, the fifth section considers those factors militating against transnational and transgovernmental activity in the defense area.

At the 845th meeting of the Security Council, held at headquarters on January 30, 1959, a discussion of the Palestine question in terms of a letter dated January 26, from the permanent representative of Israel to the UN, began with statements by the parties concerned. The special meeting had been convened by die President of the Council in response to a request from the government of Israel.

The Trusteeship Council held its 29th session at UN Headquarters in New York from June 5 to July 25, 1962. At its opening meeting, the 1180th, the Council adopted its provisional agenda, which included consideration of the most recent annual reports of the administering authorities on the trust territories of Ruanda-Urundi, the Pacific Islands, Nauru, and New Guinea, as well as examination of petitions and the reports of the UN Visiting Mission to Nauru and New Guinea. It also contained reports on the attainment of self-government or independence by trust territories pursuant to Trusteeship Council Resolution 1369 (XVII) and General Assembly Resolution 1413 (XIV); and it included reports on the situations in trust territories with regard to the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, as well as reports of various committees of the Council.

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) held its seventeenth session in Bucharest on December 74–20, 1962, attended by delegates from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. A communiqué stated that a permanent currency and finance commission had been set up under the Council to develop cooperation in those fields among COMECON member countries, that international specialization and “socialist division of labor” among members had increased, and that during the first nine months of 7962 over-all trade among member countries had risen by 15 percent and trade in machinery and industrial equipment by 24 percent. The communiqué noted that the COMECON countries were now largely self-sufficient in certain raw materials, manufactures, etc., notably lignite, hard coal, oil and oil products, fertilizers, grain, machinery and industrial equipment, and timber.

A meeting of ministers responsible for international trade of the contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was held in Geneva from May 16 to May 21, 1963. During the meeting theministers adopted conclusions and resolutions on three agenda items: 1) measures for the expansion of trade of developing countries as a means of furthering their economic development; 2) arrangements for the reduction or elimination of tariffs and other barriers to trade, and related matters; and 3) measures for access to markets for agricultural and other primary products.

The tenth Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO), held in Geneva from May 7 to 24, 1957, was attended by the delegates of 79 member and associate member states. After unanimously electing Dr. S. Al-Wahbi (Iraq) president, the Assembly adopted the report of the Committee on Credentials by 58 votes to o with 5 abstentions.

International cooperation regarding maritime problems was extended during the exigencies of war with the establishment of the United Maritime Authority which, as a wartime shipping organization, controlled the activities of ninety percent of the world's non-Axis tonnage. With the termination of United Maritime Authority controls, transitional machinery was set up to ensure transportation of UNRRA and other rehabilitation cargoes.

The seventh meeting of the Consultative Committee on Economic Development in South and Southeast Asia (Colombo Plan) was held in Singapore from October 17 to 21, 1955, attended by the original members (Australia, Canada, Ceylon, India, New Zealand, Pakistan and the United Kingdom, together with Malaya and British Borneo), and by representatives of more recent member countries, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, the United States, Burma, Nepal, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand. The United Kingdom announced at the meeting that it had decided to increase its commitment for technical assistance to Colombo Plan members to £7 million over the seven years beginning in April 1956, and the representative for the United States announced that his government had offered to establish in south or southeast Asia a center for nuclear research and training which would include a research reactor and a small power reactor. A communique issued at the conclusion of the meeting mentioned the increasing degree of self-help in the economic development of the region, and stressed the need to encourage private investment in the area. It was further announced that it had been decided at the meeting to extend the Colombo Plan, previously scheduled to end in 1957, until 1961.