Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic localized pain condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life. It affects children and adolescents as well as adults, but is more common among adolescent girls.

To present up-to-date clinical information regarding CRPS in pediatric population.

A review of recent literature.

In contrast to adults, CRPS appears after an initial event that is typically a minor trauma and occurs more frequently in the lower extremity than in the upper extremity. This syndrome is characterized by spontaneous or stimuli-induced pain, which is disproportionate to the actual incident trauma/stimulus, in the presence of a wide variety of autonomic and motor disturbances. The exact mechanism of CRPS is unknown, although several different mechanisms have been suggested. In many cases, CRPS follows a relatively minor trauma, in some cases, no previous injury was recalled and there are psychological factors implicated. It has been found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with CRPS and it is considered stress has an important role in inducing or perpetuating CRPS. Standard care consists of a multidisciplinary approach with the implementation of intensive physical therapy in conjunction with psychological counseling; in some patients, pharmacological treatments may help to reduce pain.

A multidisciplinary approach with psychological and psychiatric counseling are needed for effective management of CRPS. Further research in targeting specific mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CRPS should lead to prevention of this condition.

No significant relationships.

The neurotropic valence of SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed in several studies. Depressive and anxiety symptoms are more frequent in the perinatal period leading to maternal and neonatal negative outcomes. Accordingly, depressive and anxiety symptoms are more frequent in the perinatal period leading to negative consequences in both mothers and their neonates.

To determine the level of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms depending on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection of pregnant women.

Based on the RT-PCR test, thirty-eight pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized in Bega Clinic in Timisoara, were assessed concerning the presence of psychopathology. The severity of infection was dichotomized based on the presence or absence of the symptoms. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory were administered to all participants.

Of 38 recruited pregnant women, 12 (31,5%) had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women had a higher average score of depression (p = 0.001) and state and trait anxiety (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to their asymptomatic counterparts. There were no differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p > 0.05) in relation to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly interferes with the psychological status, thus jeopardizing the mental health of pregnant women. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered an additional risk factor for anxiety and affective disorders during pregnancy.

No significant relationships.

A major revolution in psychiatry since the late 20th and early 21st Century has sought to put the individual client at the heart of intervention, promoting shared decision making. Increasing use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate interventions and even steer therapies (“power assisted steering for psychotherapy”, Evans 2012) appears congruent with this. But is caution needed interpreting PROMS where self-perception distortions form a core part of the client’s problem? Eating disorders are a paradigmatic test.

To see if PROM scores at initial presentation at services for ED seemed congruent with help-seeking. We report CORE-Outcome scores here.

Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of an ED and opting in to treatment. Consecutive new clients at all the centres were approached for participation. Scores distributions were analysed to see if numbers of low scores, “non-clinical range” scores seemed congruent with help-seeking.

18% of the participants who completed the CORE-OM at baseline had a score below the Clinically Significant Change (CSC) cutting point. Though the rate was higher in participants with an Anorexia type I diagnosis (22.6%) than those with other ED diagnoses (15.8%): in the expected direction, the difference was narrowly non-significant (chi-squared = 3.5, d.f. = 1, p = .06). Scores did relate to treatment level.

The predicted elevated rate of non-clinical baseline scores in the AN1 group was narrowly non-significant but the rate of 18% non-clinical scores in a help-seeking population raises a cautionary message about interpretation of change from initially low scores.

I am one of the three trustees of CORE System Trust which holds the copyright on the CORE measures used in this study but the measures are all provided under a Creative Commons licence so I receive no remuneration from this.

the problematic use of social media (PUSM) is considered nowadays as a behavioural addiction. Social media seem to provide an ephemeral escape especially for children suffering from dysfunctional families and abuse.

To study in a population of children and adolescents followed in outpatient child psychiatry unit, the prevalence, and family risk factors related to PUSM.

a descriptive study was conducted among child and adolescent psychiatry consultants. Parents were asked to provide answers for the BSMAS (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale). We used a self-administered questionnaire and the BSMAS to assess patients’ social media’s use characteristics and the APGAR Family Test to assess their satisfaction with their family functioning.

The prevalence of PUSM was estimated at 9.2% in our population according to the conservative approach, rising to 48.7% according to the liberal approach. APGAR Family Test scores were negatively correlated with BSMAS scores (Pearson’s coefficient= -0.37; p=0.002). Significantly higher scores were found in cases of exposure to physical (p=0.001) or moral (p=0.037) abuse and among patients who witnessed spousal violence (p=0.041), and whose parents had a lower level of education. A positive and significant correlation was found between parents’ and adolescents’ BSMAS scores (p=0.04).

Psychopathological fragility triggered by poor family functioning expose to the risk of PUSM. The implementation of preventive strategies and a rigorous and global management of these adolescents are imperative to fight against this disorder.

No significant relationships.

Gerstmann syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that consist primarily of 4 neuropsychological signs that include acalculia (impairment in performing calcultaions), digital agnosia (dificulty discriminating their own fingers), agraphia (impairment or dificulty to write by hand); and left-right disorientation (impairment of distinguishing left from right.

Presentation of a case report of a patient with Gertsmann syndrome secondary to breast cancer metastasis.

We analyze the case of a 79 years-old female with a history of breast cancer in remission, with a severe depressive episode of 8 months of evolution, dysphoria, apathy, decrease in the ability to carry out basic activities of daily life, acute personality changes and sleep disruption. 15 days previous to the first examination the patient suffers gait disturbances, falling from her own height, memory impairment, suicide ideation and nomination aphasia.

At the examination we encounter digital agnosia, acalculia, agraphia, right-left disorientation, right hemiparesis. MRI are taken founding 3 tumor lesions in the left and right frontal lobe, 2 solid lesions with a necrotic appearance in the right parietal lobe, one of them in the angular gyrus of the parietal cortex. CT scan found a solid tumor-like lesion in the left pulmonary apex. CA-125 antigen 429.5 U/mL. She was sent to continue her treatment with oncology, receiving radiotherapy.

The psychiatric abnormalities secondary to Gerstmann syndrome make the relatives of this patient seek psychiatric care, requiring multidisciplinary work to reach an accurate diagnosis. Gerstmann syndrome is a rare neurological condition that can mimic lots of other clinical pictures.

No significant relationships.

Functional somatic disorders (FSD) characterized by persistent and disabling physical symptoms are common in youth. Diagnostic uncertainty and insufficient illness explanations are proposed as perpetuating factors for FSD and may furthermore serve as barriers for treatment engagement.

The present study is part of a larger randomized trial and aimed at evaluating the impact of systematic assessment and psychoeducation on various clinical outcomes for adolescents suffering from severe FSD.

Ninety-one adolescents (15-19 years) with severe FSD of at least 1 year’s duration were included in the randomized trial AHEAD (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Health in Adolescents). All participants received a thorough assessment (approximately 4 hrs.) and a subsequent psychiatric consultation (1.5 hrs) focusing on further psychoeducation and health promoting strategies. Clinical outcomes included self-reported physical health (SF-36), symptom severity, illness perception, illness related behaviour and psychological flexibility. Questionnaires were distributed at baseline (before assessment) and 2 months after randomisation. Data were analysed using simple t-tests.

Assessment and psychiatric consultation were not associated with a clinically relevant improvement of physical health, mean difference 0.23 95% CI [-0.95;1.41] p=0.701. However, a considerate decline was seen on symptom severity (p=0.017), illness worry (p<0.001) and negative illness perceptions (p<0.001). Furthermore, a decline was seen in limiting illness behaviour (p=0.002) and psychological inflexibility (p=0.001).

The results underpin the importance and the potential positive implications of thorough assessment and psychoeducation. Hence, these elements may be in their own right in the systematic and specialised treatment of adolescents with severe FSD.

No significant relationships.

Mental healthcare provision is undergoing substantial reconfiguration in many regions of the world. Such changes require a broad evidence-based approach incorporating epidemiological data and information of local needs.

To estimate the prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) in the Lazio region and its geographical distribution using the regional health information systems (HIS).

Cases of SSDs (15-64-year-old) were identified using an algorithm based on data from the hospital discharge registry [ICD IX CM: 295, 297, 298 (excl. 298.0)] and the ticket exemption database [code 044], between 2006 and 2019. Crude, and age- and gender-specific prevalence estimates on December 31, 2019, were calculated. To compare prevalence between different areas within the region, we calculated age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rates

A total of 18,371 cases were identified. Crude prevalence rate was 4.29/1,000 (95% CI 4.29-4.30) and 5.93/1,000 (95% CI 5.92-5.949 for women and men, respectively. An increase in the prevalence rate by age was observed in both genders. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rate was 5.03/1,000 (95 % CI 4.96-5.10), with significant differences within the region, ranging from 4.25/1,000 in the province of Viterbo to 5.42/1,000 in the city of Rome and 6.02/1000 in the province of Frosinone.

Our results showed that the overall prevalence of SSDs among adults in the Lazio region is similar to estimates published in prior reviews, but an uneven regional geographical distribution was observed. While possible underestimation must be considered, HIS represents a valuable source of information useful for epidemiological surveillance and healthcare planning.

No significant relationships.

Coronaviruses traditionally are considered to cause pulmonary diseases, often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Since the COVID-19 pandemic start in early 2020, there have been reports of a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recent data show significant rates of neuropsychiatric diagnosis over the subsequent 6 months post-infection. Some of the data suggest the COVID-19 as a cause of new-onset psychotic symptoms in patients with no psychiatric history. Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts, and confusion were the most frequently reported psychotic features which low doses of antipsychotics seem to be helpful.

Brief literature review about the relationship between COVID-19 and new-onset psychotic symptomatology.

Non-systematic review through PubMed research using the terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “pandemics”, “psychotic symptoms” and “psychosis”.

The severity of the infection, especially in those with the need for hospitalization/intensive care, seems to have a clear effect on the gravity of subsequent neuropsychiatric symptoms, namely psychosis. Viral invasion of the central neural system, hypercoagulable states, and neuroinflammation are potential associated mechanisms. It’s important to consider the effect of therapies that may have the potential to cause psychosis (eg steroids). According to recent literature, around 0.9-4% of people exposed to the COVID-19 virus develop psychotic episodes, which is much higher than the incidence in the general population.

Post-COVID-19 related psychosis has been reported in different nations. The pathophysiology is yet not clear, although the hyperinflammatory response has been suggested as the main mechanism for the neuropsychiatric manifestations. Given the high number of case reports with similar presentations, it’s important to proceed with more investigations.

No significant relationships.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, sanitary context and e-learning has greatly modified students’ lifestyles. An increase of sedentary behaviors, a reduction in physical activity (PA) and a stronger tendency to move towards unhealthy diet have been demonstrated. Most of the research is largely descriptive and to date, no interventional studies have been conducted to prevent the deterioration of students’ health.

The objective of the present research aims to evaluate the effects of an intervention program on the lifestyle and psychological state of student. Its primary objective is to promote PA among students, to improve both physical condition and motivation to engage in physical activity for one’s health by promoting motivational levers. Its second objective is to reduce and/or prevent the deterioration of the health of university students.

Students from University of Nîmes were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two following conditions: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group participated to an 8-weeks program of PA (co-constructed by users during design-based innovative workshops) whereas the control group did not. For each group, measures of PA, sedentary time, anthropometric data, sleep, physical condition and psychological variables (anxiety, depression, motivation, body appreciation, perceived control, well-being, …) were carried out before (T1: october 2021) and after (T2: December 2021) these 8-weeks in order to evaluate the benefits from the PA program.

These assessments were performed in October 2021 (T1) and December 2021 (T2).

Data are still being collected and will be presented in April 2022.

No significant relationships.

We present the clinical case of a patient where the psychotic clinic coexists with gender dysphoria. This scenario can be the result of a change in gender identity derived from the psychotic process or appear independently of it.

We want to explain the importance of knowing how to act with a patient in whom these two processes coexist.

20-year-old woman, with no history of mental health. She comes to the emergency department for behavioral alteration. The family observes strange behaviors, unmotivated laughter, soliloquies and aggressive episodes. Abandonment of studies, hobbies and radical physical change. Delusions of prejudice and self-referential delusions. Possible phenomena of echo and diffusion of the thought. Auditory hallucinations talking to her in male gender, since then she presents doubts about her sexual identity and manifests her desire to change sex. Altered judgment of reality.

During admission, we started treatment with an antipsychotic with good tolerance and she was referred to mental health team, where psychopharmacological treatment was adjusted with good response. In the following medical appointments the psychotic clinic disappeared at the same time that sexual identification was completely restored and made a critique of the behavior and experiences.

This case highlights the importance of assessing the chronology of symptoms, the patient’s criticality, the response to antipsychotic treatment and the need to exclude the psychotic background of the desire for gender reassignment before making a therapeutic decision.

No significant relationships.

Throughout this period we were confronted with news and information about the Corona virus and its consequences. Which led to the development of a huge sense of fear among people. Although fear has helped to maintain restrictions, it has also had a significant impact on mental health, especially among patients with a psychiatric history.

In this paper I will highlight the consequences of the nocebo effect of the pandemic among people with a psychiatric history.

To complete this work I used medical articles, studies, and specialized information on the subject.

The pandemic’s restrictions have made it difficult for psychiatric patients to be compliant treatment by avoiding regular psychiatric exams.Isolation and fear of infection has led to new decompensations in existing psychiatric pathologies.

The exacerbations of psychiatric pathology increased both in number and in their intensity, ultimately determined by the increase in the number of hospitalizations in psychiatric emergencies.

No significant relationships.

One of the most frequent side effects seen when prescribing sertraline and clozapine together is the appearance of a seizure crisis. This event is usually related to an increase of plasmatic concentration due to interactions of these drugs with blood components.

To investigate the effects of clozapine when combined with other drugs, especially its effects increasing plasmatic concentration.

A patient was treated sith 300 mg/day of clozapine followed by a treatment with sertraline 50 mg/day, which increases plasmatic concentration. The combination of these treatments produced seizures. Other works published about interactions are reviewed.

It is important to monitor clozapine dosages to avoid increasing plasmatic concentration, especially if other drugs that have this effect are also administered.

It is important to monitor clozapine dosages to avoid increasing plasmatic concentration, especially if other drugs that have this effect are also administered.

No significant relationships.

The impact of the Covid-19 on the quality of life (QOL) have been reported and highlighted by several research studies worldwide.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life among Greek general population of Argolida, taking into consideration the socio-demographic characteristics.

Information on the socio-demographic characteristics and Covid related data of the respondents was collected by a questionnaire including age, gender, education level, marital status, health status, smoking history, sedentary lifestyle, job status. A 5-point Likert scale (MVQOLI) was used to examine the QOL. Comparisons on the variables were performed using Kruskal-Wallis H Test and x2 test, using SPSS Statistics (version 20).

A total of 620 Greek adults (Females n =381) were requested to answer by filling the questionnaire or Google Form. The results showed statistically significant differences in higher level QOL depending on a number of variables that are presented in the table. Table Demographic characteristics of the study with higher level QOL

The results showed that female sex, married, higher educated respondents, non smokers were significantly associated with higher QOL. The findings can certainly offer guidelines in developing programs and interventions for all domains of QOL.

No significant relationships.

Personality disorders are frequently encountered by all healthcare professionals and can often pose a diagnostic dilemma due to the crossover of different traits amongst the various subtypes. The ICD 10 classification comprised of succinct parameters of the 10 subtypes of personality disorders but lacked a global approach to address the complexity of the disease. The ICD 11 classification provides a more structural approach to aid in clinical diagnosis.

A literature review of the diagnostic applicability of ICD 11 classification of personality disorders is presented in comparison with the ICD 10 classification.

A retrospective analysis of the literature outlining the ICD 10 and 11 classifications of personality disorders, exploring the differences in evidence-based applications of both.

The ICD 11 classification of personality disorders supersedes the ICD 10 classification in describing the severity of the personality dysfunction in conjunction with a wide range of trait domain qualifiers, thus enabling the clinician to portray the disease dynamically. The current evidence available on the utility of the ICD 11 classification gives a promising outlook for its application in clinical settings.

The ICD 11 has transformed the classification of personality disorders by projecting a dimensional description of personality functioning, aiming to overcome the diagnostic deficiencies in the ICD 10 classification. The versatility offered by the application of the ICD 11 classification can be pivotal in reshaping the focus and intensity of clinical management of the disease.

No significant relationships.

The co-occurrence of mental illness and somatic comorbidities is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality within psychiatric patients, compared to the general population. This may be caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, side effects of psychotropic drugs and systematic barriers in healthcare provision. The underlying mechanisms remain under-investigated.

We systematically investigated relevant barriers and risk factors to the utilization of primary care among severe mentally ill outpatients.

In a cross-sectional analysis, the psychiatric as well as somatic diagnoses of inpatients of a German psychiatric community hospital were identified. Furthermore, somatic and psychiatric medication, blood values (HBA1C) and sociodemographic data of the patients were analyzed. The frequencies of the somatic diagnoses were presented according to psychiatric diagnoses. By a Chi-Square goodness-of-Fit Test the distribution of somatic diagnoses and drug classes were verified according to the total cohort as well as for each psychiatric diagnosis and in respect to sex.

Our results provide an overview of common comorbidities with regard to the psychiatric diagnosis. The medication, in relation to the recorded somatic comorbidities, as well as the blood values, allow a conclusion to be drawn about the extent and success of the treatment.

For the first time, real-life data on the somatic diagnoses and treatment of patients with a severe mental illness in a German hospital is presented. Our results will be used to create low-threshold interventions for the most relevant somatic comorbidities and to improve primary care of psychiatric patients through linking the care systems.

No significant relationships.

Good quality parenting in early childhood is reliably associated with positive mental and physical health over the lifespan.

The hypothesis that early parenting quality has significant long-term financial benefits has not been previously tested.

Design: Longitudinal study with follow-up from 2012 to 2016; UK multicentre study cohort. Participants: 174 young people drawn from 2 samples, one at moderate risk of poor outcomes and one at high risk, assessed aged 4–6 years then followed up in early adolescence (mean age 12.1 years). Measures: The primary outcome was total costs: health, social care, extra school support, out-of-home placements and family-born expenditure, determined through semistructured economic interviews. Early parenting quality was independently assessed through direct observation of parent–child interaction.

Costs were lower for youths exposed to more sensitive parenting (most sensitive quartile mean £1,619, least sensitive quartile mean £21,763; p < .001). Costs were spread across personal family expenditure and education, health, social and justice services. The cost difference remained significant after controlling for several potential confounders. These included demographic variables (family poverty, parental education); exposure to child abuse; and child/young person variables including level of antisocial behaviour in both childhood and adolescence, IQ and attachment security.

This study is the first showing that more sensitive early parental care predicts lower costs to society many years later, independent of poverty, child and youth antisocial behaviour levels and IQ. The findings provide novel evidence for the public health impact of early caregiving quality and likely financial benefits of improving it.

No significant relationships.

Covid-19 pandemic put parents under great pressure, and the most vulnerable parents may have become too overwhelmed to find appropriate ways to be supportive caregivers and to address children’s fears and insecurities.

Assess the level of parental stress experienced by mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it with that experienced by fathers.

This was a descriptive and comparative analytical study, shared on social networks during the period from 8 to 20 April 2021, targeting mothers of children aged 2 to 18 years. The mother answered the questionnaire for herself and her child. The level of stress experienced by the mother in the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed by the brief version of the Parental Stress Index (PSI-SF).

The total number of participants was 65 mothers. Parental stress level in mothers was high in 58.5%, the average PSI score was 94.25; the mean score of the parental distress subscale was 34.06; the mean score of the dysfunctional child-parent interaction subscale was 27.86; and the average score of the child difficulty subscale was 32.32. The mean scores of the parental distress subscale, the child difficulty subscale, as well as the mean PSI total score were significantly higher in mothers than in fathers, with p= 0.010; p= 0.022 and p=0.017 respectively.

Our results highlight a higher level of stress in mothers than in fathers. This can be explained the parental, marital and professional responsibilities imposed on women, underlining the urgent need to provide mothers with adequate support.

No significant relationships.

Vascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia promote diverse pathological mechanisms in the brain leading to cerebral hypoperfusion and ultimately cognitive decline in people. Medial temporal, medial frontal and anterior cingulate atrophy has been closely associated with diabetes and medial temporal lobe atrophy is associated with hypertension in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

To assess if hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia have differential effects on different brain locations using brain imaging in people with AD.

The current study is based on [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data of 970 participants from two large Phase III multi-centre clinical trials of a novel tau aggregation inhibitor drug Leuco-Methylthioninium (LMTX)meeting research criteria for mild to moderate AD. Vascular risk factor data including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were collected and quantification of FDG PET hypo-metabolism was done by calculating Standardized Uptake Value Ratio(SUVR).

Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were found to have differential effects on brain locations in people with AD. When people with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were compared to those without, mean SUVR was increased significantly in both left and right parietal and occipital lobes and decreased in left and right anterior cingulate gyri in hypertensives. SUVR was significantly higher in both left and right temporal lobes in diabetics andlower in both left and right anterior cingulate gyri in people with dyslipidaemia.

Vascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia have differential effects on different brain regions, measured using SUVR analysis of FDG-PET.

The FDG-PET data was taken from participants of two large phase III clinical trials sponsored by TauRx Therapeutics (Singapore). TauRx Therapeutics has contributed towards my studentship during my PhD but the data related to drug used in the clinical tria

Research data indicate the necessity of efficient human functional states’ (HFS) self-regulations for successful work execution, and not only for those professionals, who work under extreme work conditions; efficient HFS self-regulation is discussed as one of the key professional competences in socionomic jobs as well (Friedman, 2003; Landy & Conte, 2021). Moreover, ability of efficient HFS self-regulation could be viewed as a differentiative competence for separation of professionals with normal and high work achievements (Spencer L. & Spencer S., 1993).

The empirical study was targeted to investigate HFS self-regulation efficiency as a predictor of work success under long-term innovation stress.

The longitudinal research was conducted in college teachers (n=50) during the period of organizational innovations. The empirical data were obtained by the diagnostic set of methods for self-assessment of attitudes towards innovations as a factor of long-term work strain, coping strategies and self-regulation means, chronic fatigue and burnout as the main consequences of long-term stress manifestations (Hobfoll, Dunahoo, Ben-Porath & Monnier, 1994; Leonova, 2012).

The significant diversity in the level of HFS self-regulation efficiency in teachers with different work success has been found (p<0,05). Teachers with the highest level of work results have a well-developed system of self-regulation means, which allows them to cope with innovation stress.

The empirical data revealed patterns of effective self-regulation means, which are adequate to situational requirement, professional norms and rules of organizational behavior. Obtained results formed the basis for the elaboration of training course for HFS self-regulation skills development.

No significant relationships.

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) defines a set of developmental abnormalities due to a loss of genetic material. Phenotypic expression is highly varied. The immunological alterations that present as a severe combined immunodeficiency and the neurodevelopmental alterations stand out, especially the psychotic symptoms. It is the best described genetic alteration for the development of psychosis, presenting up to 30% of patients with compatible symptoms, with various hypotheses that justify it.

General objective:

1. Justify that SD2q11 can be used as a model for human research on the origin of psychosis.

1. Describe the pro-inflammatory state present in SD2q11.

2. Describe differences at the immunological level in SD2q11 among those patients with presence of psychotic symptoms of those who do not present them.

3. Describe possible biomarkers.

A systematic review of the literature in the last 5 years using electronic resources (PubMed and WOS) until June 2021 following the PRISMA recommendations.

Three original articles were reviewed. There is a very marked pro-inflammatory state in 22q11DS patients with psychotic symptoms. They present an increase in subpopulations of CD4. The IL-17 is important in the formation in primitive stages of the hippocampus, its ease of breaking the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio is presented as a possible biomarker to predict patients at high risk of developing psychosis.

There is sufficient evidence that patients with 22q11DS can be used as a research model regarding possible hypotheses about the genesis of psychosis.

No significant relationships.