The majority of studies on the HIP IQ attest a heterogeneity of the IQ profile as specific to HIP. However, the samples are recruited in clinical consultations. Thus, it is important to investigate new samples from schools.

We aimed to analyze the index scores of the IQ profile of children without disorders or specific school assistance.

The WISC-V was conducted and analyzed in 80 healthy children (50 HIP vs. 30 non-HIP), aged 7-to-13 years-old (mean 10y; SD 1.8). All children were recruited in private and public schools in Paris.

All IQ index scores were significantly higher in the HIP vs. non-HIP. In both groups, the Verbal Comprehension Index was the highest index while the Processing Speed Index was the lowest. There are significantly (p=0.02) more heterogeneous IQ profiles in HIP (64%) vs. non-HIP (47%), with a significantly larger gap between the highest and lowest index (respectively: median = 29.5 vs. 21.5). There was a significant-positive correlation between IQ level in general and the heterogeneity of the profile (r = 0.42; p<0.001).

The HIP children show better verbal, visual-spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed index scores. However, the distribution of IQ index scores was similar in both groups. Thus, the heterogeneity of the IQ profile is not specific to HIP children, but rather related to IQ score level. This highlights the importance of considering the IQ as a continuum rather than as a categorical distribution. Moreover, it points to the interest to better understand the IQ profile by completing it with multidimensional assessments.

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Darier’s disease, also known as Darier-White disease or keratosis follicularis, is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. Clinical experience has long suggested an association between neuropsychiatric abnormalities and Darier’s disease. Moreover, associations with mental retardation, schizophrenia, mood disorders and suicide have been reported.

We studied the association between Darier’s disease and schizophrenia.

We illustrate a case of schizophrenia and Darier’s disease comorbidity with a small review of the literature that summarizes the characteristics of such an association.

Mrs SD, 48 years old, with a prior history of schizophrenia, moderate intellectual disability and several hospitalizations in psychiatry.

She was hospitalized in our department of psychiatry "A" of the Hedi Chaker university hospital after she was brought by the police for odd and disorganized behavior, environmental violence and refusal of treatment.

On somatic examination, the presence of crusty maculopapular skin lesions, non-pruritic, yellowish brown in color and a few millimeters in diameter, located on the back of both hands and feet, face and neck was noted. The patient reported that her brother has similar skin lesions. A dermatological consultation was sought for assessment of her skin condition and a skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Darier’s disease.

Schizophrenia and intellectual disabilities are frequently associated with Darier’s disease. Physicians should be aware of this association in order to allow a rapid diagnosis and early management of psychiatric disorders associated with this genodermatosis.

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Cannabis is an illicit substance whose use is very common among the patients we see daily in hospitals. Its use is not simply a “recreational” desire, but above all an attempt at self-medication in order to manage emotions that have become too painful. However, even if cannabis reduces the symptomatology in the moment, it worsens most psychiatric pathologies.

The purpose of this study is to assess the experiences of cannabis users’ families.

The survey was carried out among the families of patients hospitalized at the Arrazi Hospital in Salé and those followed in consultation and who use cannabis. The collection of information is done with the help of an exploitation form.

34.6% of the participating families put bad company as the cause of consumption, followed by family problems, psychiatric problems come in 3rd position with a percentage of 19.2%. Cannabis use is considered as a disease in 52.8% of the families participating in the study. 58.5% of the families distinguish between good and bad cannabis use and define bad use by the use of large quantities of cannabis in 34.2% of the cases. The majority of the participating families (86.8%) saw cannabis as aggravating their loved one’s mental illness.

The understanding of the perceptions of the families towards the use of cannabis by their close relatives as well as the correction of the false perceptions will help to establish better prevention programs and better patient care especially with the family therapy which showed its utility in the management of the patients having disorders related to the use of cannabis.

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Healthcare practitioners (HCPs) are facing a mental health crisis. Group therapies have long been used to treat symptoms associated with PTSD, anxiety and/or depression, however no studies have investigated the role of implementing group therapy with and without ketamine-assisted therapies (KaT).

The current study investigated the effects of the Roots to Thrive (RTT) group therapy intervention both with and without adjunctive KaT.

In the present study we conduct a secondary analysis of data derived from the 12-week group psychotherapy program to that of the same program with adjunct KaT. Participants were administered a series of validated psychiatric assessment tools before and after the 12-weeks. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of treatment resistant mental health condition (depression, PTSD and/or generalized anxiety disorder) and a score of 15 or greater on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). To assess the effects of time x group interaction and calculate differences between the RTT only and RTT-KaT subgroups, a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Effect sizes were calculated through partial eta-squared.

Forty-nine HCPs with treatment-resistant PTSD, anxiety and/or depression were treated with the RTT group therapy model to target their symptoms. A total of 49 individuals (34 female, 10 male, 3 other) with a median age of 47 years old (SD 14.19) participated in the study. There were no statistically significant differences between RTT only (n=14) and RTT KaT (n=35) subgroups across gender [X2 (1, N=44) = 2.84, ns] or age [F (1, 36) = .257, p = .615]. From pre- to post-treatment, all patients showed significant reductions in scores of PTSD (from 39.3 to 20.99), depression (from 15.5 to 7.7) and anxiety (from 15.5 to 6.2). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal any significant between-group differences between the RTT and RTT-KaT subgroups.

This observational study provides preliminary support for the potential of the RTT community of care model of group therapy and adds to a small but growing body of knowledge on the integration of group therapy and the broad category of psychedelic psychotherapies. Given the rapid proliferation and expansion of KaT clinics throughout North America, the finding that KaT did not appear to impact changes related to the RTT intervention suggests the need for further research to better explain the potential impacts of relational transference between the two groups, and the distinct contributions of ketamine administration in a group therapy context.

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The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has increased exponentially and worldwide in the last decade. Taking into account their tolerability and safety profile, they constitute the first line, in all age groups and in polimedicated population, for treatment of depressive, anxious, and phobic disorders, among others. Although safe, especially when compared to first generation antidepressants, they are not totally exempt of adverse effects, and may cause, especially in this context, some degree of cognitive impairment, which may or may not be completely reversible. On the other hand, and despite the controversy related to the subject, some studies suggest a possible protective effect of this pharmacologic class regard the development of cognitive disfunction, which, although not very consistent, should not be neglected.

To understand the cognitive impact of short- and long-term use of SSRIs, given the increasing use in an aging, polymedicated population.

Brief sistematic review of selected articles from Pubmed, Medline and Uptodate databases, with the keywords “SSRIs”, “cognitive”, “impairment”, “adverse effects”, “dementia”.

SSRIs are not entirely exempt from cognitive effects, despite their recognized safety profile. Some of the adverse effects typically related to the class, such as hyponatraemia, especially when insidious and silent course, as well as anticholinergic activity (typically associated with first generation antidepressants, but not exclusive) interfere with global functionality and may clinically present as mild cognitive impairment or even major neurocognitive disorders. Furthermore, given their potential to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P450 system, they are significantly implicated in pharmacokinetic drugs interactions that increase cognitive burden associated with other psychotropic drugs.

In the long term, and in certain patient populations, it has been hypothesized that they may exert some protective effect on physiological and pathological cognitive functions decline, by preventing neuronal death, acetylcholine decrease and amoyloidogenesis.

Despite their benign adverse effect profile, when compared with tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs are not devoid of adverse effects on cognitive domains. However, and despite contradictory and inconsistent results, when well tolerated, SSRIs may confer benefits in terms of preserving global functionality, far beyond the affective symptoms resolution that motivated their introduction in the first place.

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Impulsive personality Traits have been highly associated with both alcohol abuse and drug addiction, but have been accorded little attention in the context of food addiction.

To study the relationship between impulsivity and food addiction in school-aged adolescents.

It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey, conducted in a sample of secondary school students, randomly collected in 6 schools in the region of Sfax during February 2022. A pre established form of 33 questions, including socio- demographic and family information was used. Impulsivity was evaluated by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11; Patton et al., 1995). The BIS is a 30-item questionnaire that measures impulsivity along the following dimensions: cognitive, motor, and non-planning. The validated arabic version was used. *

The 25-item Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), validated in Arabic, was used to assess food addiction in adolescents.

Our sample consisted of 360 adolescents, with an average age of 16.62 years, being male in 52.2% and with a low to medium socio-economic level in 72.7% of them.

A total of 20% of the adolescents showed a tendency to impulsivity, 23.6% had impulse control disorder.

The food addiction score of our sample ranged from 0 to 56 with an average of 16.37 ± 12.380.

The average food addiction score for adolescents with impulse control disorder was 20.21 ±14.819 while the average food addiction score for adolescents without impulse control disorder was 15.18 ± 11.291.

Food addiction was strongly associated with impulsivity (p < 0.001).In particularly, Non-planning impulsivity was most strongly correlated with food addiction (p < 0.001, r ꞊ 0.252)

Impulsivity, commonly related to addictive substance use behaviors, may be a significant risk factor for food addiction. Early monitoring of impulse control disorder may help to reduce addictive food consumption.

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Armed conflicts produce a wide series of distressing consequences, including death, all of which impact negatively on the lives of survivors. This presentatiin focuses specifically on the mental health consequences of war on adults and child/adolescent refugees or those living in war zones basing upon review of all systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses published from 2005 up until the current time, that is Fifteen systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses conducted in adult populations, and seven relating to children and adolescents. Prevalence rates of Anxiety, Depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were two-three-fold higher amongst people exposed to armed conflict compared to those who had not been exposed, with women and children being the most vulnerable sujects. A series of war-related, migratory and post-migratory stressors contribute to short- and long-term mental health issues in the internally displaced, asylum seekers and refugees. Based upon these evidences psychiatrists and psychiatric associations should take also the ethical responsibility for raising awareness of political decision-makers as to the mental health consequences caused by armed conflicts as a further reason for improving peace-keeping initiatives.

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and/or behavioral disturbances. The symptoms begin before 12 years and must cause an impact in different contexts. It is now recognized that in 40–60% of cases, ADHD symptoms persist into adulthood and old age, representing nearly 4% of adults and seniors.

Executive and memory deficits have been described in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, and older adults with these disorders are observed, later in life, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

MCI is conceptualized as a prodromal stage of a neurodegenerative process, for which the pathological processes are not yet known. The term “MCI” is currently used to designate subjective complaints and performance below expected levels, in any cognitive domain.

There is, therefore, an overlap between ADHD and MCI in older adults, related to cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This overlap makes both syndromes difficult to distinguish, particularly in older patients.

To highlight the importance of understanding the key processes of ADHD and MCI and how these entities may be related to each other.

Non-systematic review of the literature using Pubmed database. Papers were selected according to their relevance.

Sleep disturbances are present in about 70% of adults with ADHD, and 59% of those with MCI. Depression and anxiety, respectively, are observed in about 44% and 35% of adults with ADHD, and 27% and 14% of those with MCI.

In the literature, the relationship between ADHD and MCI/Dementia remains unclear, although there are some hypotheses: (a) ADHD and MCI represent two points along a single pathophysiological continuum; (b) ADHD increases the risk for MCI and dementia (through an unrelated mediator); (c) ADHD and MCI manifest highly similar neurobehavioral symptoms through fundamentally distinct mechanisms (are unrelated). However, these three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, i.e. ADHD may share common antecedent causal factors with MCI/Dementia and also increase the risk of MCI/Dementia through an unrelated mediator.

Neuroimaging evidence tends to support the hypothesis that neurobehavioral symptoms in ADHD and MCI manifest via distinct processes within the brain, with frontostriatal, frontal-temporo-parietal, and fronto-cerebellar abnormal networks in ADHD and progressive neurodegeneration in MCI.

Whether or not ADHD is a phase of a neurodegenerative process, the current criteria for the diagnosis of MCI or Dementia may not be appropriate or valid in individuals with a premorbid history of ADHD.

The criteria for the diagnosis of MCI/Dementia in adults with a previous diagnosis of ADHD should therefore be revised to rely more on functional outcomes.

Future neurobiological and epidemiological studies are needed, to explore the relationship between MCI/Dementia and ADHD, in older adults.

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Tobacco use among youth is a real public health concern in most developing countries. To provide recent epidemiological data regarding tobacco use among this specific population, a national survey was conducted in Tunisia in 2021. We aimed to determine cigarette smoking prevalence in Tunisian adolescents and assess associated factors.

We aimed to determine cigarette smoking prevalence in Tunisian adolescents and assess associated factors.

Data from the Mediterranean school survey on alcohol and other drugs (MedSPAD 2021) were used. Based on three-stage stratification sampling method, first and second grade high school students were enrolled. A self-administered standardized questionnaire was used and weighted prevalence estimates for cigarette smoking “at least once in a lifetime” were studied. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess associated factors and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) were presented. The independent factors included were: sex, area of residence, private or public sector, alcohol and cannabis use, and being exposed to tobacco smoking in family and peer’s environment. Epidata and STATA software were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively.

Among 6.201 participants with a mean age of 16.8 years, 60.4% were girls; the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 24,75% 95% CI [23.24,26.32], significantly higher among boys (41.1% versus 14.2%, p<10-3). Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in cigarette smoking by region (p-value< 10-4). The highest prevalence of cigarette smoking was observed in the capital city. Cigarettes were perceived as easily accessible by less than a third of the students (38.46% and 20.94% of boys and girls respectively, p=10-4). In multivariable analysis, the only independently associated factor to this behaviour was male sex (AOR=1.5[0.15 – 2.9], p-value=0.03).

Our study revealed a high prevalence of smoking among students with male sex as an associated factor. Developing a healthy school environment and implementing school-based intervention programs are therefore, highly required.

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Brain tumors can be associated with psychiatric symptoms in up to 50% of cases. The most frequent primary is meningioma and the clinic will depend on its location. Since surgical treatment does not always guarantee complete resolution of the condition, concomitant psychopharmacological treatment is usually recommended.

To review about organic mania and its differential diagnosis.

We carry out a literature review about organic affective disorder accompanied by a clinical description of one patient with organic mania.

A 50-year-old woman admitted due to psychotic symptoms. She had a diagnosis of frontal and parietal meningioma treated with surgical treatment 10 years ago. In this context she had a diagnosis of Organic Affective Disorder and 3 previous psychiatric admissions due to affective or psychotic symptoms. Current episode consisted in dysphoria, magalomanic ideation, delusional ideation of harm and mystical-religious content, high speech pressure and insomnia with little awareness of the disease. Cranial magnetic resonance showed postoperative right frontal changes and stability in parietal meningioma, with no significant differences compared to the previous study. Diagnosis of Organic Affective Disorder is maintained and reintroduced treatment with aripiprazole withdrawaled by the patient weeks before. Because of adverse effects and persistence of the symptoms described, it was changed to olanzapine with good response and tolerability. The behavior was progressively adapted with improvement of the dysphoria and without psychotic symptoms at discharge.

Affective symptons due to organic disorders such as brain tumors can be treated surgically and with psychopharmacological treatment.

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Personality disorder (PD) is defined as an enduring and inflexible pattern of long duration leading to significant distress or impairment and is not due to the use of substances or another medical condition. In general, the main form of therapy for PD is psychotherapy, with adjuvant pharmacotherapy. Due to a predisposition to instability and decompensation, individuals with PD are more likely to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital. With the passing of time, the frequency of PD diagnosis has been rising.

The study aimed to assess changes in the prevalence of PD diagnosis between the years 2009 and 2021 in the Psychiatric Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz (Poland) and the characteristics of admitted patients.

This retrospective included 27097 records of patients admitted for psychiatric hospitalization between the years 2009 and 2021. The diagnosis of PD (F60 and F61) was based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. For analysis, both main, as well as coexisting diagnoses of PD were included. For the analysis patients were divided into subgroups based on age and legal gender.

We observed a statistically significant increase in the number of hospitalization of individuals with PD (6,94% in 2009 and 14,29% in 2021; p<0.0001). No rise in the frequency of F60 diagnosis was observed (4,56% in 2009 and 4,48%; p=0.973, while the diagnosis of mixed PD (F61) has greatly risen (2,38% in 2009 and in 9,81% in 2021; p=0.003), this growth was especially visible in men (1,62% in 2009 and 10,44% in 2021; p=0.007). In individuals above the age of 35 at the time of hospitalization significant growth in PD diagnosis was present (5,22% in 2009 and in 8,25% in 2021; p=0.003), similarly, PD increased in patients older than 65 (0,50% in 2009 and in 4,00% in 2021; p=0.003).

In the past 13 years, there has been a great increase in the number of hospitalized individuals with PD, particularly the rise reflects growth in mixed PD diagnosis. Interestingly, in men, PD diagnosis is 4 times more frequent in 2021 than in 2009. The increase in the number of PD diagnoses in changing environment might be due to greater clinical vigilance of psychiatrists and a more in-depth diagnostic process, yet further analysis including data from the outpatient clinic is needed.

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ectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment most often used for patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder who have not responded to other treatments, as well as for resistant schizophrenia, and consists of brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia. It is usually administered by a team of trained health care professionals, including a psychiatrist, an anesthesiologist and a nurse or physician assistant.

The mode of action is not well known, but it is assumed that ECT is associated with a significant reduction in brain connections in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is associated with a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. This would support the hypothesis that hyper-connectivity in this area of the brain is closely linked to depression.

Despite its great effectiveness, this technique remains limited by numerous contraindications and exposes the patient to a multitude of short-, medium- and long-term side effects, notably cognitive disorders.

To shed light on the cognitive disorders affecting mnesic processes, learning and thinking after electroconvulsive therapy.

We have performed a systematic literature review using the following keywords on the GoogleScholar database: cognitive impairment post electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy, electroconvulsive side effects, ECT.

Most of the studies on cognitive disorders after ECT have focused on mnesic abilities, in particular the deterioration of anterograde memory which is at its maximum just after the session and which recovers progressively and spontaneously. The deterioration of retrograde memory, on the other hand, depends on the administered dose, the type and the location of the electrodes, and has a greater tendency to affect recent memories than old ones.

Other studies have focused on the speed of the process of information, which is also affected, with a significant decrease, especially in depressed people, a decrease that can be progressively resolved with time. Concerning attentiveness, some studies have noted a minimal decrease, especially in the lateral visual fields, and a perseveration in verbal expression. These studies also noted a deterioration of executive functions with a decrease in performance on the STROOP and MTM tests and also in verbal fluency.

The occurrence and preservation of cognitive deficits after ECT is a much debated subject with many controversial studies, and despite the numerous studies on this subject, we are still far from conclusive and exploitable results, especially with the intricacy of the diversity of parameters, materials and techniques of ECT, and also because of other factors such as individual peculiarities, neurological co-morbidities, and polymedication to psychotropic drugs.

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a persistant decrease in food intake leading to dramatic weight loss and energy deficit. The ghrelin system is a key regulator of appetite and food intake across species. LEAP-2, a recently discovered ghrelin antagonist, appears to be up-regulated in obesity and opposes to the orexigenic drive of ghrelin. The evolution of LEAP-2 levels could be an interesting insight to reflect the regulation of appetite in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN).

We tested this hypothesis and here provide the first study exploring the ghrelin and LEAP-2 regulation in long-term food restriction followed by refeeding in both mice and patients suffering from AN.

Using a translational strategy, we compared the regulation of ghrelin and LEAP-2 concentrations in blood during food restriction and after refeeding i/ in female mice exposed to a 14 days protocol combining quantitative food restriction and running wheel activity followed by 10 days of progressive refeeding; ii/ in an ongoing longitudinal study of patients with AN evaluated before and after refeeding (n=30) as well as 6 months after hospital discharge to evaluate if the weight gain was stable (n=7) or unstable (n=10). Plasma concentrations of ghrelin and LEAP-2 were measured with selective immunoassays.

Long-term food restriction in mice was associated with increased ghrelin (p<0.001) and decreased LEAP-2 concentrations (p=0.006) compared to ad libitum fed controls. Refeeding led to a decrease in ghrelin (p<0.01) and increase in LEAP-2 concentrations (p<0.01). Patients with AN displayed increased ghrelin levels (p<0.01) but also higher LEAP-2 concentrations on admission than after refeeding (p=0.04). LEAP-2 decreased with refeeding. On 17 patients re-evaluated 6 months after discharge, patients with unstable weight gain exhibited a greater decrease of LEAP-2 concentrations during refeeding compared to patient with stable weight gain (p=0.02). Decreasing LEAP-2 concentrations was able to predict a negative outcome (i.e. unstable weight gain) in 80% of the cases.

We provide evidence that the ghrelin/LEAP-2 system is not regulated according to the nutritional status in AN as it is in the case of a physiological adaptation to food restriction. Results from an ongoing longitudinal study exploring remission in AN suggest that the evolution of LEAP-2 concentrations during refeeding is opposed to data from preclinical model and could give new insights on the outcome of weight gain in AN.

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Suicide is a real public health problem. Like many other countries, Tunisia seems to be experiencing an amplification of the phenomenon. Suicide attempts are much more frequent and are estimated to be around 20 times the number of suicides

The objective was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical profile of suicide attempters in patients hospitalized in the emergency room.

This study was carried out with patients admitted to vital emergencies for attempted suicide over a period of 6 months.

A pre-made questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. We used the SIS “suicide intention scale” to assess the intent of the suicide attempt and the PHQ9 “PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE” to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms.

We excluded Patients with major cognitive impairment, which prevents understanding of the questionnaire.

Our sample consisted of 101 patients. Of the participants, 69.3% were female. Their age varied between 18 and 65 years with an average age of 30.93 years. The socioeconomic level was low in 23.8% of cases. The level of education did not exceed secondary school for 91% of suicides. Almost half of suicide attempters (45%) have been professionally inactive. Participants included in our study were single in 51.5% of cases. Participants had a family history of attempted suicide in 15% of cases. Prior psychiatric follow-up was found in 34% of suicides attempts. More than a third (36.6%) of participants had moderate to severe depression according to the results of the PHQ-9. Recurrences concerned 44% of suicides attempt in our survey and the average number of previous suicides attempts was 3.9. Suicidal intent was rated strong in 47% of suicides attempts .

Suicidal behavior is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In our study, more than 1 in 3 suicide attempters had depression. Further research is needed to identify suicide risk factors and to examine the relationship between the presence of mental illness and suicidal attempt

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Temperament and mental illness are considered to be variations along the same continuum of imbalance in the neurophysiological regulation of behaviour.

This presentation presents the benefits of constructivism approach to psychiatric taxonomies.

The presentation reviews findings in neurochemistry that link temperament traits in healthy individuals and symptoms of psychiatric disorders to complex relationships between neurotransmitter systems.

Specialization between neurotransmitter systems underlying temperament traits is analyzed here from a functional ecology perspective that considers the structure of adult temperament corresponding to the functional structure of human activities. In contrast to a more popular search for neuroanatomic biomarkers of psychopathology and temperament traits in healthy individuals, this presentation focuses on neurochemistry-based biomarkers. The roles of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenalin), as well as the roles of acetylcholine, neuropeptides and opioid receptor systems in the regulation of specific dynamical properties of behaviour are summarized within the neurochemical Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) model (Table 1) (Trofimova & Robbins, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2016, 64, 382-402; Trofimova, Neuropsychobiology, 2021, 80(2), 101-133).

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The FET framework allows having a neurochemistry-based structure of a taxonomy that can classify both, healthy bio-psychological traits and symptoms of psychopathology. The presentation will give examples of how the FET framework can be used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.

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Patients with Functional Neurological Disorder have a high return rate to Emergency Rooms.

To assess possible changes in Emergency Room presentation rates in patients with Functional Neurological Disorder following their attendance of specialized long-term multidisciplinary treatment and rehabilitation program.

Seventy-two adult patients with Functional Neurological Disorder were included. These patients were consecutive referrals accepted for ongoing specialist FND treatment.

The total number of Emergency Room presentations in the year prior to program admission was obtained from central health records. Patients were provided ongoing treatment for one year, during which the number of ER presentations was monitored. Patients received one or more of the following treatment modalities: psychoeducation, psychological therapy, psychologically informed physical and occupational rehabilitation and psychopharmacological treatments.

We subsequently compared high and low emergency service users. Low ER users are those with pre-treatment Emergency Room presentations of less than 3 per year. High emergency service users are those who presented to the emergency room 3 or more times per year before the start of their treatment.

The mean emergency room presentation per year in the year leading to patients referral was 2.6 per patient, SD 9.4; dropped to 1.2 emergency room presentations per year, with a standard deviation of 4.4 in the year following the start of treatment. The difference was statistically significant (p= 0.02).

There was a strong positive correlation between the pre and post-treatment number of presentations with a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.976 (95% Confidence Interval 0.962 to 0.985).

The reduction in emergency room presentations in both high and low-emergency service user groups was significant, with a mean difference of 12 ER visits a year in high-frequency emergency service users (p= 0.04) and a mean difference of 0.5 visits a year in low-frequency emergency service users (p < 0.001).

Ongoing specialist treatment and rehabilitation of patients with Functional Neurological Disorder significantly reduce their need for emergency room presentation, regardless of the treatment modality.

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Multiple Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative, demyelinating disease that affects the Central Nervous System. Except for motor dysfunction and sensory deficit, patients suffering from this disorder often have neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as: depressive mood, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Depression is the most common mental disorder in Multiple Sclerosis, and the risk that MS patients develop depression during their entire life is >50%.

Factors impacting on the development of depression

A regular, clinical study approach has been used on a 49-year old woman, who was diagnosed with depressive Disorder 2 years ago and then Multiple Sclerosis, as well as recent literature on depressive disorders in comorbidity with Multiple Sclerosis.

The factors that considerably impact the development of depression are age, gender, insomnia, cognitive impairment, MS clinical picture, and immunotherapy treatment. Depression was diagnosed at the clinical interview, based on DSM-5 diagnosis criteria and Beck Inventory, whereas MS diagnosis was determined by neurological examination and head MRI. The patient was treated with tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics for depression, and teriflunomide for MS. Depression has been recurrent, despite being regularly treated with psychotropic medications

Depressive disorders in comorbidity with multiple sclerosis are often undiagnosed and improperly treated. Many factors influence the development and progression of depression, as well as the Multiple Sclerosis clinical picture, above all. Early diagnosis and optimal treatment of them are essential to control the disease and improve the quality of life.

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If children are taught early on to control their emotions, that can prevent problems that cause disturbing emotions: violence, suicide, drug abuse, etc. The artistic experience, just like the religious one, is an essential experience of the human being. Art ,occupational, play therapy concerns itself with the information that the images have to offer regarding their author.

Our goal is to discover new perspectives and sources of inspiration to establish new prevention and recovery methods and techniques to advance in defining the importance of resilience in personal development. The development and maintenance of social skills will thus be the necessary conditions for improving adaptability and the capacity for personal transformation, without forgetting at the same time the effectiveness of the process of resocialization and recovery of juvenile delinquents.

The child is stimulated in the problem-solving and the decision-makings strategies, in order to achieve formal diversifications. In the preventive activities we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement of people in creative activities, specific to visual arts (plastic, decorative design and multimedia), facilitating school reintegration or optimizing the school situation, completing the general and specialized culture.

The individual skills are traced by the specific means of the visual arts; moreover, we care about the individual capacities, the freedom to follow his own destiny, encouraging the joy to manifest creatively on several levels of difficulty in any activity. These activities lead to changes in the attitudes towards the work or the discovery of recreational activities and the use of leisure time.

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Considering the diversity of the child`s non-verbal communication, art therapy, occupational and play therapy are not a mere accessory method within the therapeutic process of the emotional disorders of children, but a mandatory condition of it. The development and the maintenance of social abilities will thus be the necessary conditions of an improved adaptability and of the capacity of personal transformation, “Social Cohesion” is a Common Goal for Psychiatry, and art, occupational , play therapies.

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Forensic studies often found high rates of major psychiatric and substance use disorders among inmates. These factors are linked to criminality in general, however, their involvement in recidivism among this population seems to be more important to determine.

The aim of this study is to determinesociodemographic, psychiatric and forensicfactors of criminal recidivism among prisoners

We studied the medical files of all the offenders referred to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi hospital for an examination between January 2010 and October 2020 and we analyzed sociodemographic, psychiatric and forensic characteristics of this population.

The number of people who have undergone a forensic psychiatric examination was 256. Three files were not usable due to lacking data. The offenders were men in 95.7% (242) of the cases.

Male inmates were found to be more likely to be re-incarcerated (p=0.029). The study showed that the level of education was an important factor in the recidivism of criminal acts (p=0.001) whilst no impact of marital status and employment were found (p=0.848; p=0.088).

Family history of psychiatric illness was significantly higher among recidivist (p=0.022).

Psychiatric factors associated with multiple convictions were the presence of a major psychiatric discord (p=0.0013), a personality disorder (p=0) or a substance use disorder (p=0.025).)

The reason of conviction was linked with criminal recidivism as violent offense were factors of incarceration (p=0) as well as the age at first conviction (p=0) and the number of anterior incarcerations (p=0).

Our study underlines that predictive factors of criminality in general are also involved in recidivism among prisoners which is useful in establishing strategies of secondary but also primary prevention of violent crimes in particular.

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An opioid analgesic exposes you to a risk of problematic use, due to the terrain (vulnerability), its emotional state, the presence of pain and the environment and thus the opioid itself. The risk of developing an opioid use disorder when taking prescription opioids is approximately 3% (over 2 years),

Recognize the method of prescription of opioids, as well as the elements to be sought by doctors during the interrogation and after each prescription of opioids

a descriptive and analytical study, based on a hetero-questionnaire completed by doctors, numbering 120 doctors who were consulted over a period of one year. the study was carried out via Google Forms.

75% of doctors are general practitioners. 90% of our doctors have a period of practice less than 10 years, and the lower half of 4 years, Almost all doctors prescribe opioid analgesics for pain of severe intensity, often of rheumatic origin 50%, neoplastic, post-operative or for a migraine or neuralgia. 9% of physicians think opioid painkillers have a high risk of addiction, almost 20% think opioid painkillers do not even have a risk of addiction, and the majority think the risk is low to moderatedoctors limit the duration of prescription 80%, sensitize their patients in 75%, half prescribe a low dose but the majority abruptly stop treatment. 70% of doctors limit the duration of prescription in less than 02 weeks, but 15% do not limit not prescribing opioids

The dose-efficacy-tolerance relationship is very variable from one patient to another, it is important to adapt the dosage gradually according to the intensity of the pain with monitoring of possible tolerance. Stopping should be done gradually to avoid a withdrawal syndromeThe prescription must systematically be accompanied by information to the patient about the treatment and its discontinuation, and monitoring of these risks even when it is prescribed in compliance with the conditions of the marketing authorization.

None Declared