Given a lamination in a compact space and a laminated vector field $X$ which is hyperbolic when restricted to the leaves of the lamination, we distinguish a class of $X$-invariant probabilities that describe the behavior of almost every $X$-orbit in every leaf, which we call Gibbs $u$-states. We apply this to the case of foliations in compact manifolds having leaves with negative curvature, using the foliated hyperbolic vector field on the unit tangent bundle to the foliation generating the leaf geodesics. When the Lyapunov exponents of such ergodic Gibbs $u$-states are negative, it is an SRB measure (having a positive Lebesgue basin of attraction). When the foliation is by hyperbolic leaves, this class of probabilities coincide with the classical harmonic measures introduced by Garnett. Furthermore, if the foliation is transversally conformal and does not admit a transverse invariant measure we show that there are finitely many ergodic Gibbs $u$-states, each supported in one minimal set of the foliation, each having negative Lyapunov exponents, and the union of their basins of attraction has full Lebesgue measure. The leaf geodesics emanating from a point have a proportion whose asymptotic statistics are described by each of these ergodic Gibbs $u$-states, giving rise to continuous visibility functions of the attractors. Reversing time, by considering $-X$, we obtain the existence of the same number of repellers of the foliated geodesic flow having the same harmonic measures as projections to $M$. In the case of only one attractor, we obtain a north to south pole dynamics.

Let $T$ be an $\mathbb{R}$-tree with dense orbits in the boundary of outer space. When the free group $\mathbb{F}_{N}$ acts freely on $T$, we prove that the number of projective classes of ergodic currents dual to $T$ is bounded above by $3N-5$. We combine Rips induction and splitting induction to define unfolding induction for such an $\mathbb{R}$-tree $T$. Given a current ${\it\mu}$ dual to $T$, the unfolding induction produces a sequence of approximations converging towards ${\it\mu}$. We also give a unique ergodicity criterion.

Nous développons dans cet article des résultats de M. B. Tabanov et moi-même annoncés dans la note [6]. M. B. Tabanov a donné un exposé de ses méthodes dans [7]. Notre approche, différente, est le sujet principal de notre thèse [5], soutenue à l'université de Paris VII sous la direction de A. Chenciner. Nous étudions la séparation des séparatrices d'un billard elliptique pour une déformation algébrique et donc globale de l'ellipse. Nous mesurons cette séparation par une fonction de Melnikov (dont le calcul est peu fréquent dans le cadre des systèmes dynamiques discrets), et nous observons que cette fonction est en général (lorsqu'elle admet une extension méromorphe) elliptique. Nous donnons ensuite sa décomposition en éléments simples avec les fonctions thêta. Nous obtenons ainsi sur un exemple tous les zéros d'une fonction de Melnikov, et donc toutes les orbites héterocliniques primaires.

The complexity function of an infinite word w on a finite alphabet A is the sequence counting, for each non-negative integer n, the number of words of length n on the alphabet A that are factors of the infinite word w. Let f be a given function with subexponential growth. The goal of this work is to estimate the generalized Hausdorff dimensions of the set of real numbers whose q-adic expansion has a complexity function bounded by f and the set of real numbers whose continued fraction expansion is bounded by q and has a complexity function bounded by f.

We study invariants for shifts of finite type obtained as the K-theory of various C*-algebras associated with them. These invariants have been studied intensively over the past thirty years since their introduction by Wolfgang Krieger. They may be given quite concrete descriptions as inductive limits of simplicially ordered free abelian groups. Shifts of finite type are special cases of Smale spaces and, in earlier work, the second author has shown that the hyperbolic structure of the dynamics in a Smale space induces natural ring and module structures on certain of these K-groups. Here, we restrict our attention to the special case of shifts of finite type and obtain explicit descriptions in terms of the inductive limits.

It is shown that if E is a subset of such that 1∈E or 2∈E then there is a mixing transformation whose set of spectral multiplicities is E.

Returning to a classical question in harmonic analysis, we strengthen an old result of Walter Rudin. We show that there exists a weakly almost periodic function on the group of integers ℤ which is not in the norm-closure of the algebra B(ℤ) of Fourier–Stieltjes transforms of measures on the dual group , and which is recurrent. We also show that there is a Polish monothetic group which is reflexively but not Hilbert representable.

Let ℬ and be minimal flows which are disjoint over their intersection. A dynamical interpretation is given of the groups H1(B/S, C/S) and H2(B/S, C/S), where B and C are the groups of ℬ and respectively, and S is the group of the flow ℬ ⋁ .

In this article, we prove a preparation theorem for functions which admit a certain type of expansion called Chebychev expansion. Taylor expansions are particular cases of Chebychev expansions. The result is based on an approach essentially different from those used for the classical preparation theorems. It has applications in bifurcation theory of vector fields.

We prove a random Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem and the existence of relative equilibrium states for a class of random open and closed interval maps, without imposing transitivity requirements, such as mixing and covering conditions, which are prevalent in the literature. This theorem provides the existence and uniqueness of random conformal and invariant measures with exponential decay of correlations, and allows us to expand the class of examples of (random) dynamical systems amenable to multiplicative ergodic theory and the thermodynamic formalism. Applications include open and closed non-transitive random maps, and a connection between Lyapunov exponents and escape rates through random holes. We are also able to treat random intermittent maps with geometric potentials.

We establish (some directions of) a Ledrappier correspondence between Hölder cocycles, Patterson–Sullivan measures, etc for word-hyperbolic groups with metric-Anosov Mineyev flow. We then study Patterson–Sullivan measures for $\vartheta $-Anosov representations over a local field and show that these are parameterized by the $\vartheta $-critical hypersurface of the representation. We use these Patterson–Sullivan measures to establish a dichotomy concerning directions in the interior of the $\vartheta $-limit cone of the representation in question: if ${\mathsf {u}}$ is such a half-line, then the subset of ${\mathsf {u}}$-conical limit points has either total mass if $|\vartheta |\leq 2$ or zero mass if $|\vartheta |\geq 4.$ The case $|\vartheta |=3$ remains unsettled.

A smooth transitive Anosov flow on a compact manifold N which is uniformly (a, b)-expanding at periodic points for 1 < a < b is uniformly (a − ε, b + ε)-expanding on all of N for all ε > 0.

Let G be an abstract finite group. For an action α of G on a shift of finite type (SFT) S we introduce the periodic data of α, a computable finite-ordered set of complex polynomials. We show that two actions of G on possibly different SFTs are conjugate on periodic points iff their periodic data coincide. For each subgroup H of G the points fixed by α|H (the restriction of α to H) form a subsystem of S, which is of finite type. Our result shows that the zeta functions of these subsystems determine the conjugacy class (on periodic points) of α up to finitely many possibilities.

The orbit space of a finite skew action on an SFT S, endowed with the homeomorphism induced by S, is shown to have a zeta function equal to the zeta function of an SFT which is a left-closing quotient of S. We show that this zeta function equals the zeta function of S iff the skew action is inert with respect to a certain power of S.

Finally we consider functions of the periodic data as for example gyration numbers.

We consider C∞-diffeomorphisms on a Banach space with a fixed point 0 and linear part L. Suppose that these diffeomorphisms have C∞ non-contracting and non-expanding invariant manifolds, and formally conjugate along their intersection (the center). We prove that they admit local C∞ conjugation. In particular, subject to non-resonance conditions, there exists a local C∞ linearization of the diffeomorphisms. It also follows that a family of germs with a hyperbolic linear part admits a C∞ linearization, which has C∞ dependence on the parameter of the linearizing family. The results are proved under the assumption that the Banach space allows a special extension of the maps. We discuss corresponding properties of Banach spaces. The proofs of this paper are based on the technique, developed in the works of Belitskii [Funct. Anal. Appl.18 (1984), 238–239; Funct. Anal. Appl.8 (1974), 338–339].

The main result is a dominated ergodic theorem for a linear positive operator T on Lp(1 > p > ∞); the theorem holds if, and only if, T is Cesaro-bounded.

We study double averages along orbits for measure-preserving actions of $\mathbb{A}^{{\it\omega}}$, the direct sum of countably many copies of a finite abelian group $\mathbb{A}$. We show an $\text{L}^{p}$ norm-variation estimate for these averages, which in particular re-proves their convergence in $\text{L}^{p}$ for any finite $p$ and for any choice of two $\text{L}^{\infty }$ functions. The result is motivated by recent questions on quantifying convergence of multiple ergodic averages.

Abelian cellular automata (CAs) are CAs which are group endomorphisms of the full group shift when endowing the alphabet with an abelian group structure. A CA randomizes an initial probability measure if its iterated images have weak*-convergence towards the uniform Bernoulli measure (the Haar measure in this setting). We are interested in structural phenomena, i.e., randomization for a wide class of initial measures (under some mixing hypotheses). First, we prove that an abelian CA randomizes in Cesàro mean if and only if it has no soliton, i.e., a non-zero finite configuration whose time evolution remains bounded in space. This characterization generalizes previously known sufficient conditions for abelian CAs with scalar or commuting coefficients. Second, we exhibit examples of strong randomizers, i.e., abelian CAs randomizing in simple convergence; this is the first proof of this behaviour to our knowledge. We show, however, that no CA with commuting coefficients can be strongly randomizing. Finally, we show that some abelian CAs achieve partial randomization without being randomizing: the distribution of short finite words tends to the uniform distribution up to some threshold, but this convergence fails for larger words. Again this phenomenon cannot happen for abelian CAs with commuting coefficients.

This article is devoted to the study of the multifractal analysis of ergodic averages in some non-uniformly hyperbolic systems. In particular, our results hold for the robust classes of multidimensional non-uniformly expanding local diffeomorphisms and Viana maps.

Let $F$ be a lift of a homeomorphism $f: {\Bbb T}^{2} \to {\Bbb T}^{2}$ homotopic to the identity. We assume that the rotation set $\rho(F)$ is a line segment with irrational slope. In this paper we use the fact that ${\Bbb T}^2$ is necessarily chain transitive under $f$ if $f$ has no periodic points to show that if $v \in \rho(F)$ is a rational point, then there is a periodic point $x \in {\Bbb T}^{2}$ such that $v$ is its rotation vector.

In this paper we obtain different types of random ergodic theorems for dynamical systems or continuous semi-flows. These results recover and extend previous works on dynamical systems and are completely new in the case of semi-flows. The proofs are based on uniform estimates on random almost periodic polynomials that we obtained very recently and on an improvement of a tool introduced by Talagrand in 1995 and further developed by Fernique in 1996. In the course of this, we partially recover results of Marcus and Pisier from the 1980s on almost sure uniform convergence of random almost periodic series.