Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker, a pupal parasite of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), acts as a secondary agent as well. The adults, which deposit their eggs within host puparia, apparently do not discriminate between healthy leafminers and those parasitized by Dacnusa dryas (Nixon). The egg and larval cephalic structures of C. vulgaris are described and illustrated and the final-instar larval skins of the two parasite species are compared.

In the last isse of the Can. Ent. Mr. Howard, with a commendable solictiude for my entomological reputation, and under a heavy discharge of deadly parllel columns, seeks to evade the question at issue between i. e., who has priority in the use of the generic term Rileya; and not-withstanding the opportunity the was afforded him to rechristen his interesting genus, he seems loath to do so, and again, by a misrepresentation, makes a claim of priority in publication.

A new species, Arthula biformis Oh and Lee sp. nov., belonging to the cryptine ichneumonid subtribe Sphecophagina Beirne is described from Korea. The new species is composed of two seasonal forms, overwintering and summer, distinguished by color and some morphological features. The overwintering form is much darker than the summer form. Keys to the genera of Sphecophagina and the known species of Arthula Cameron and photographs of diagnostic characters of both color forms of the new species are provided.

Stiria aliaga, n. sp.—♂. Expanse, 30 mm.

Ground colour even chrome-yellow, a shade lighter beyond t.p. line. Small ochraceous spot at inner thrid of cell, one towards its outer end and traces of one beyond. These are about equidistant from each other. T. p. line the only other marking on fore wing. This is quite faint, ochraceous, wavy and cannot be followed to costa in the speciments before me. The fringe is darker than wing, of a somewhat “Ashes of Roses” colour.

[The species described below were all collected by Mr. King. The notes on the microscopical characters were prepared by Mr. King, but have been extended and rewritten from Mr. King's mounts by Mr. Cockerell, who is also responsible for the comparisons with allied species. The notes on the living insects, habitat, etc, are all by Mr. King.]

I have recently had occasion to examine a good deal of Californian material sent me for determination by those two excellent and enthusiastic collectors, Messrs. E. C. Johnston and William Bauer. In the course of identification work some apparently undescribed species were discovered; this present paper deals with these and with a few other things that have been accumulating in our collection.

During the past 100 years, insect control has been a predominant objective and influence on the development of entomology in Canada. Preoccupation with the insecticide method of insect control threatened for a while to divert entomologists from the biological bases of their science. But the scientific questions and practical problems raised by insecticides have recently generated a renaissance of biological thinking about insects and ways to control them. Older biological methods and certain promising new ones are receiving increased attention. Insecticides have won a permanent place in our arsenal but we can no longer continue to rely so heavily on this one weapon. A new perspective is emerging in which strategies of insect control will be formulated on the basis of population dynamics studies and will involve assembling from a variety of control methods the appropriate combinations to meet particular problems. The requirements of these combined strategies will impinge increasingly on economic and social affairs which, in turn, will modify the technology of insect control.

Brotis vulneraria Hüb.

This moth appears to be the only one of its genus so far known in the United States.

Head small, yellowish red, almost hidden between the large and prominent eyes, which are naked; palpi medium, slender, lighter colored; thorax long, covered with long fine hair; abdomen much shorter than the anal margin and Hesperi-shaped. Posterior wings elongated, costa straight, somewhat curved at apex, outer margin straight, inner margin somewhat rounded. on anterior wings the anal margin is longer than upper and outer margin, the latter being strongly rounded.

Species of the North American genus Platylygus Van Duzee 1915 are revised. Redescriptions are given for 5 previously known species, and 26 new species are described. Nineteen species described by Kelton are: angulatus, brevirostris, longirostris, and mexicanus from Durango, Mex.; aztecus from Mexico, Mex.; chamulans and chiapasensis from Chiapas, Mex.; alpinus from Chiapas, Mexico, and Puebla, Mex.; crassicornis from Mexico and Puebla, Mex.; pilosus and teocotae from Mexico, Mex.; pilosipes from Durango, Mex., and Arizona; scutellatus from Durango, Mex., Arizona, and New Mexico; contortae, crinitus, and magnus from California; knighti from Arizona and Colorado; piceicola from British Columbia, Yukon Territory, Arizona, and Colorado; pseudotsugae from British Columbia and Oregon. Seven species described by Knight are: keltoni from Durango, Mex.; andrei from Arizona; balli from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico; hirtus from Arizona; rolfsi from British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington; rubripes from Alberta, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Oregon, and Wyoming; and usingeri from California. The other species in the genus are: fuliginosus Knight from Arizona; grandis Knight from Arizona, California, and Colorado, Montana, and South Dakota; intermedius Knight from Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico; luridus (Reuter) from Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory, Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, and Wyoming; and vanduzeei Usinger from Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah. Platylygus uhleri (Van Duzee) is considered to be a synonym of P. luridus (Reuter). A key to species, records on distribution and biological data are included, and the male genitalia of all but one species are illustrated.

This preliminary report on a revision of the Tanypodinae of Africa south of the Sahara is based mainly on the collection of imagines in the British Museum (Natural History). It has been possible to re-examine most known species, in addition to studying new species, and to classify them according to the scheme proposed by E. J. Fittkau. Most species fit into his genera but a few new ones will have to be erected. The distribution of species is discussed.

Eleven species of the family Cixiidae have been recorded from Canada (Metcalf, 1936, Gen. Cat. Hemip. 4 (2)). Ten of these are represented in the Canadian National Collection. In addition, ten other species are represented by Canadian specimens. Three of these are previously undescribed. The following are descriptions of the new species, keys to the genera and species known to occur in Canada, and distributional notes on the species from specimens in the collection. External characters are used in the keys. These are not always reliable in determining the males of some closely allied species, because of the frequent absence of dark elytral markings in that sex. The male genitalia show good specific characters, and figures of these are given for the species difficult to determine reliably an external characters.

Eighth stage.—Head shining black, yellowish punctured around the mouth, antennæ yellowish; eye and jaws black; width, 1.8 mm. Body ochreous yellow, 6-annulate with irregular quadrate sub-dorsal (two per segment) and lateral (one per segment) black spots, confluent on joint 13; sub-ventral ridge faintly discolured; anal plate blackish. No white secretion. The larvæ do not feel in this stage, but seek for soft wood in which they bore their galleries for pupation.

Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), also known as the citrus leafminer, is a serious pest in Citrus Linnaeus (Rutaceae) nurseries in Iran. Few studies have been performed on the life history of this pest on different citrus hosts. In this work, the infestation rate and biological aspects of P. citrella were investigated using four citrus hosts: Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck), trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (Linnaeus) Rafinesque), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen), and sweet lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Moths preferred laying eggs on leaves with a width ranging from 1–2 cm, and the highest oviposition was observed on the Valencia orange (51.2 eggs/female). The numbers of pupae and infested leaves were significantly higher on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia. The entire developmental period of the immature stages was 13.8 and 15.4 days in C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis, respectively, while it increased to 21.8 and 24.7 days in C. paradisi and P. trifoliata. The rate of mortality of the immature stage was the highest in these two latter hosts as well (29–31%). Moths showed the highest emergence and longevity on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia. The results indicate that C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia are susceptible hosts that can be recommended for the mass-rearing of this species in non-chemical pest control programmes.

Using immunostaining methodology, we traced the axonal projection of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)-like immunoreactive (LI) medial neurosecretory cells (MNCs) and lateral neurosecretory cells (LNCs) from the brain into the ventral nerve cord (VNC) and retrocerebral complex in Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Of the seven pairs of FMRFamide-LI MNCs, one pair extended its axons from the brain pars intercerebralis into the VNC ipsilateral connective where they appeared to terminate. The axons of the remaining MNCs ran through decussation in the brain median region and contralateral nervi corporis cardiaci (NCC) I out of the brain, and eventually innervated the contralateral corpus cardiacum (CC). Axons from the single pair of FMRFamide-LI LNCs projected into the ipsilateral NCC II fused with NCC I without decussation in the brain, and finally terminated in the CC. These results suggest that transport of the FMRFamide-like neuropeptide from may be related to the modulation of functions such as gut contraction in MNCs terminating in the VNC, and regulation of production and/or secretion of specific hormones such as juvenile hormone in MNCs and LNCs terminating in the CC.

The black fly species Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel s.l., S. vittatum Zetterstedt s.l., S. venustum Say s.l., S. verecundum Stone and Jamnback s.l., and S. decorum Walker s.l. were collected in silhouette traps near Prince Albert, Sask., in 1986, and near Choiceland, Sask., from 1986 to 1988. The Prince Albert site was located between and within 2 km of the North and South branches of the Saskatchewan River and was 25 and 60 km south of the Whitefox River and Torch River systems. The Choiceland site, 60 km east of the Prince Albert site, was 15 km north of the main branch of the Saskatchewan River and 1/2 and 25 km south of the Whitefox River and Torch River, respectively. Simulium luggeri was the most abundant species collected at the Prince Albert site whereas S. luggeri, S. vittatum, and the S. venustumlverecundum complex were approximately equally abundant in trap catches near Choiceland over the entire season but in each study year a seasonal progression in peak abundance occurred. Black fly numbers in sweep net collections taken once, in the middle of the day, were weakly correlated with numbers in silhouette trap collections taken during an entire day.

Being much interested in the Tineidæ, Mr. chambers' articles on this family of moths are the first to receive attention as the successive numbers of your magazine come to hand.

I have had the satisfaction of rearing from their larvæ many of the winged gems described in your pages, among others the twospecies named above. Now, as Mr. C. seems to have been in some doubt as to his own determination of these specics, of which he has as yet-as he informs me seen only the imagines, it occurs to me that a description of their larval characteristics might affors some aid in deciding the doubtful points.

The Tachinidæ described below have a slender, rigid proboscis, of which the portion beyond the basal articulation is at least one half longer than the height of the head. All are from the Pacific Coast, and, except where otherwise stated, were captured or bred by the writer.

Siphona plusiœ,n. sp.—♂ ♀ Terminal section of proboscis—the part beyond the second geniculation—not more than three-fourths as long as height of head. Frontal vitta yellow, less than twice as wide as either side of the front next the antennæ; sides of front grayish pollinose, frontal bristles descending nearly to apex of second antennal joint, two pairs of orbital bristles; face whitish, the sides bare; vibrissæ inserted near the oral margin, only two or three small bristles above each; cheeks less than one-fourth as wide as height of eyes.

The little insect which I have made the type of this new genus, unites in itself the characters of several genera.

Tongue naked, about as long as the maxillary palpi, which nearly conceal it. The maxillary palpi are about as long as the labial palpi and in the dead insect are laid upon the coxae ; they are rather densely scaled, the scales being somewhat roughened.

Elachistus ohioensis (MS.)Ashmead.—Reared from pupæ, in which stage it probably passes the winter; found November 7th, within the shells of beech-nuts, the kernels of which had been attacked and eaten by some kind of larva which had burrowed out these kernels, leaving only a mass of excrement. A hole in the shells indicated an attack similiar to that of some species of Balaninus, though, as I found no larvæ of them, it was impossible to learn their exact nature. Locality, Wooster, Ohio.

Cirrospilus flavicinctus, Riley.—This was described in Lintner's First Report as being reared from Bucculatrix pomifoliella, Clemens, in Missouri, and also New York. My rearings were from Aspidisca splendoriferella, Clem., the cocoons of which were collected near Cleveland, Ohio.

The composition and variation of hemolymph amino acids in larvae of nine species of the genus Neodiprion were studied. The amino acid pattern was the same in all samples analyzed. Quantitative differences were as great within as between species; hence, hemolymph amino acid data does not appear to be of taxonomic usefulness for this genus.