We give bounds for the canonical height of rational and integral points on cubic twists of the Fermat elliptic curve. As a corollary we prove that there is no integral arithmetic progression on certain curves in this family.

In this paper, we show that any ascending HNN-extension of a finitely presented group is properly 3-realisable. We recall that a finitely presented group G is said to be properly 3-realisable if there exists a compact 2-polyhedron K with π1(K) ≅ G and whose universal cover has the proper homotopy type of a (PL) 3-manifold (with boundary).

We say that a C*-algebra X has the approximate n-th root property (n ≥ 2) if for every a ∈ X with ∥a∥ ≤ 1 and every ɛ > 0 there exits b ∈ X such that ∥b∥ ≤ 1 and ∥a − bn∥ < ɛ. Some properties of commutative and non-commutative C*-algebras having the approximate n-th root property are investigated. In particular, it is shown that there exists a non-commutative (respectively, commutative) separable unital C*-algebra X such that any other (commutative) separable unital C*-algebra is a quotient of X. Also we illustrate a commutative C*-algebra, each element of which has a square root such that its maximal ideal space has infinitely generated first Čech cohomology.

We provide examples of flat Laguerre planes of Kleinewillinghöfer type E, thus completing the classification of flat Laguerre planes with respect to Laguerre translations in B. Polster and G.F. Steinke, Results Maths. (2004). These planes are obtained by a method for constructing a new flat Laguerre plane from three given Laguerre planes devised in B. Polster and G. Steinke, Canad. Math. Bull. (1995) but no examples were given there.

Marshall's abstract theory of spaces of orderings is a powerful tool in the algebraic theory of quadratic forms. We develop an abstract theory for semiorderings, developing a notion of a space of semiorderings which is a prespace of orderings. It is shown how to construct all finitely generated spaces of semiorderings. The morphisms between such spaces are studied, generalising the extension of valuations for fields into this context. An important invariant for studying Witt rings is the covering number of a preordering. Covering numbers are defined for abstract preorderings and related to other invariants of the Witt ring.

We show that an algorithm of V. Miller to compute the group structure of an elliptic curve over a prime finite field runs in probabilistic polynomial time for almost all curves over the field. Important to our proof are estimates for some divisor sums.

Certain shortcomings are described in the second order converse duality results in the recent work of (J. Zhang and B. Mond, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 55(1997) 29–44). Appropriate modifications are suggested.

In the paper we prove a result on the existence of positive solutions for a class of nonvariational elliptic system with nonlocal source by Galerkin methods and a fixed point theorem in finite dimensions. We establish another existence result by the super and subsolution method and a monotone iteration.

In this paper, we characterise the analytic functions ϕ mapping the open unit disk ▵ into itself whose induced composition operator Cϕ: f ↦ f ∘ ϕ is an isometry on the Bloch space. We show that such functions are either rotations of the identity function or have a factorisation ϕ = gB where g is a non-vanishing analytic function from Δ into the closure of ▵, and B is an infinite Blaschke product whose zeros form a sequence{zn} containing 0 and a subsequence satisfying the conditions , and

Let (L, ⊥, ⊕,0,1) be an effect algebra and X a locally convex space with dual X′. A function μ: L → X is called a measure if μ(a ⊕ b) = μ(a) + μ(b) whenever a⊥b in L and it is bounded if is bounded for each orthogonal sequence {an} in L. We establish five useful conditions that are equivalent to boundedness for vector measures on effect algebras.

In this paper we consider the Wośko problem of evaluating, in an infinite-dimensional Banach space X, the infimum of all k ≤ 1 for which there exists a k-ball contractive retraction of the unit ball onto its boundary. We prove that in some classical Banach spaces the best possible value 1 is attained. Moreover we give estimates of the lower H-measure of noncompactness of the retractions we construct.

The Jacobson group of a ring R (denoted by  = (R)) is the normal subgroup of the group of units of R (denoted by G(R)) obtained by adding 1 to the Jacobson radical of R (J(R)). Coleman and Easdown in 2000 showed that the Jacobson group is complemented in the group of units of any finite commutative ring and also in the group of units a n × n matrix ring over integers modulo ps, when n = 2 and p = 2, 3, but it is not complemented when p ≥ 5. In 2004 Wilcox showed that the answer is positive also for n = 3 and p = 2, and negative in all the remaining cases. In this paper we offer a different proof for Wilcox's results and also generalise the results to a matrix ring over an arbitrary finite commutative ring. We show this by studying the generators and relations that define a matrix ring over a field. We then proceed to examine the complementation of the Jacobson group in the matrix rings over graded rings and prove that complementation depends only on the 0-th grade.

A new representation is obtained for the Riemann ξ function, in the form of a series of integrals, multiplied by an exponential factor capturing the correct decay rate for large imaginary argument. Each term in this series then has a simple stationary-phase asymptote, the total agreeing with the Riemann-Siegel sum.