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This chapter begins with the demise of the 25 Meter Telescope proposal. The subsequent actions of the US millimeter astronomy community and the National Science Foundation lead to the formation of a committee to advise on the next steps. The Barrett Report has several recommendations, the most significant of which is the development of a large millimeter wavelength array. The first concept for such an array, also the first concept for ALMA, is presented.
This chapter describes the millimeter array projects under development in Europe and Japan and how the Millimeter Array and European Large Southern Array agreed to pursue a joint project.
The organization of the joint millimeter array project, now called ALMA, is presented from its informal beginnings to the ALMA Coordinating Committee and ALMA Board. The issues discussed by these bodies are presented for a selection of significant meetings.
This chapter explains how ALMA has met its key science goals. The early science results are presented along with summaries of ALMA's science productivity over its first 10 years of operation. The reader learns how one proposes for observing time. The role of the regional ALMA science centers is set out. The prospects for the future enhancement of ALMA are discussed.
The search for the best site for the Millimeter Array is the subject of this chapter. It begins in the continental United States, moves to Mauna Kea in Hawaii, and ends in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. After detailed study, the Chajnantor site above the village of San Pedro de Atacama is approved. Protection of the site is secured from mining claims, a gas pipeline, and radio interference.
The ALMA Board discussions of difficult issues to resolve are presented in this chapter. A detailed account of the purchase of prototype and production antennas is given. The long route to Japan's entrance into ALMA is given. How the issues were settled of who would employ the ALMA staff in Chile and where the ALMA Observatory headquarters would be located in Santiago is set out.
ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, situated high in the Chilean desert, is the largest ground-based telescope on Earth. This is an insiders' account of how this complex mega-project came to fruition from authors with intimate knowledge of its past and present. The separate roots of ALMA in the United States, Europe, and Japan are traced to their merger into an international partnership involving more than 20 countries. The book relates the search for a suitable telescope site, challenges encountered in organization, funding, and construction, and lessons learned along the way. It closes with a review of the most significant results from ALMA, now one of the most productive telescopes in the world. Written for a broad spectrum of readers, including astronomers, engineers, project managers, science historians, government officials, and the general public, the eBook edition is available to download as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.