In this article, I provide a brief account of my first decade of involvement in European science policy, of what I believe are the key structural issues in that landscape, and where I propose possible adjustments to address these issues.

The breaking and energy distribution of mode-1 depression internal solitary wave interactions with Gaussian ridges are examined through laboratory experiments. A series of processes, such as shoaling, breaking, transmission and reflection, are captured completely by measuring the velocity field in a large region. It is found that the maximum interface descent ($a_{max}$) during wave shoaling is an important parameter for diagnosing the type of wave–ridge interaction and energy distribution. The wave breaking on the ridge depends on the modified blockage parameter $\zeta _m$, the ratio of the sum of the upper layer depth and $a_{max}$ to the water depth at the top of the ridge. As $\zeta _m$ increases, the interaction type transitions from no breaking to plunging and mixed plunging–collapsing breaking. Within the scope of this experiment, the energy distribution can be characterized solely by $\zeta _m$. The transmission energy decreases monotonically with increasing $\zeta _m$, and there is a linear relationship between $\zeta _m^2$ and the reflection coefficient. The value of $a_{max}$ can be determined from the basic initial parameters of the experiment. Based on the incident wave parameters, the depth of the upper and lower layers, and the topographic parameters, two new simple methods for predicting $a_{max}$ on the ridge are proposed.

We theoretically and experimentally study gravity currents of a Newtonian fluid advancing in a two-dimensional, infinite and saturated porous domain over a horizontal impermeable bed. The driving force is due to the density difference between the denser flowing fluid and the lighter, immobile ambient fluid. The current is taken to be in the Darcy–Forchheimer regime, where a term quadratic in the seepage velocity accounts for inertial contributions to the resistance. The volume of fluid of the current varies as a function of time as $\sim T^{\gamma }$, where the exponent parameterizes the case of constant volume subject to dam break ($\gamma =0$), of constant ($\gamma =1$), waning ($\gamma <1$) and waxing inflow rate ($\gamma >1$). The nonlinear governing equations, developed within the lubrication theory, admit self-similar solutions for some combinations of the parameters involved and for two limiting conditions of low and high local Forchheimer number, a dimensionless quantity involving the local slope of the current profile. Another parameter $N$ expresses the relative importance of the nonlinear term in Darcy–Forchheimer's law; values of $N$ in practical applications may vary in a large interval around unity, e.g. $N\in [10^{-5},10^{2}]$; in our experiments, $N\in [2.8,64]$. Sixteen experiments with three different grain sizes of the porous medium and different inflow rates corroborate the theory: the experimental nose speed and current profiles are in good agreement with the theory. Moreover, the asymptotic behaviour of the self-similar solutions is in excellent agreement with the numerical results of the direct integration of the full problem, confirming the validity of a relatively simple one-dimensional model.

Verbal fluency data for semantic (animals, fruit and vegetables and objects) and formal fluency (X [Chi], Σ [Sigma] Α [Alpha]) were collected from 32 L1Greek-L2English late bilingual speakers and 32 Greek monolinguals. The verbal fluency task has been used in both language attrition and bilingualism studies. Language attrition studies, which mostly employ only the semantic task, show that bilinguals perform worse than monolinguals. In bilingualism studies, which employ both the semantic and formal tasks, we find greater variance and the results are mixed (bilinguals perform similarly, better or poorly compared to monolinguals). In our study, we investigated quantitative measures (number of correct responses) and strategic processes (clustering, switching). In the quantitative measures, monolinguals outperformed bilinguals in both tasks with the difference being more pronounced in the semantic task. In clustering, both groups behaved similarly, while in switching monolinguals performed better than bilinguals. The implications of these results are discussed.

We classify quasidiagonals of the $SL(2, R)$ action on products of strata or hyperelliptic loci. We use the technique of diamonds developed by Apisa and Wright in order to use induction on this problem.

Compound flows consist of two or more parallel compressible streams in a duct and their theoretical treatment has gained attention for the analysis and modelling of ejectors. Recent works have shown that these flows can experience choking upstream of the geometric throat. While it is well known that friction can push the sonic section downstream of the throat, no mechanism has been identified yet to explain its displacement in the opposite direction. This study extends the existing compound flow theory and proposes a one-dimensional (1-D) model, including friction between the streams and the duct walls. The model captures the upstream and downstream displacements of the sonic section. Through an analytical investigation of the singularity at the sonic section, it is demonstrated that friction between the streams is the primary driver of upstream displacement. The 1-D formulation is validated against axisymmetric Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of a compound nozzle for various inlet pressures and geometries. The effect of friction is investigated using an inviscid simulation for the isentropic case and viscous simulations with both slip and no-slip conditions at the wall. The proposed extension accurately captures the displacement of the sonic section, offering a new tool for in-depth analysis and modelling of internal compound flows.

We study generic properties of topological groups in the sense of Baire category.

First, we investigate countably infinite groups. We extend a classical result of B. H. Neumann, H. Simmons and A. Macintyre on algebraically closed groups and the word problem. Recently, I. Goldbring, S. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, and Y. Lodha proved that every isomorphism class is meager among countably infinite groups. In contrast, it follows from the work of W. Hodges on model-theoretic forcing that there exists a comeager isomorphism class among countably infinite abelian groups. We present a new elementary proof of this result.

Then, we turn to compact metrizable abelian groups. We use Pontryagin duality to show that there is a comeager isomorphism class among compact metrizable abelian groups. We discuss its connections to the countably infinite case.

Finally, we study compact metrizable groups. We prove that the generic compact metrizable group is neither connected nor totally disconnected; also it is neither torsion-free nor a torsion group.

In this short note, we review results on equilibrium shapes of minimizers to the sessile drop problem. More precisely, we study the Winterbottom problem and prove that the Winterbottom shape is indeed optimal. The arguments presented here are based on relaxation and the (anisotropic) isoperimetric inequality.

In German, it has been shown that the semantic entailments associated with telicity markers are acquired early and that speakers will turn to semantic–pragmatic principles to determine whether an overt culmination is cancellable (e.g., van Hout, 1998, 2008; Richter & van Hout, 2013; Schulz & Penner, 2002; Schulz & Ose, 2008). Here, we test the interpretation of three types of telicity markers by Portuguese L2 speakers of German, as well as Portuguese–German bilinguals and German monolinguals. A Bayesian analysis shows that Portuguese L2 speakers of German have difficulty processing telicity with resultative particles but show target-like performances with bounded DPs and adjectival markers. Our analysis also shows that bilingual and monolingual speakers display no substantial differences in their understanding of telicity entailments, albeit with some variability regarding particle markers. I argue that the existing variation may be due to effects of lexical knowledge and transparency.

The motion of a sphere freely rising or falling in a 5d (d is the diameter of the sphere) square tube was numerically studied for the sphere-to-fluid density ratio ranging from 0.1 to 2.3 (0.1 ≤ ρs/ρ ≤ 2.3, ρs is the density of spheres and ρ the fluid density) and Galileo number from 140 to 230 (140 ≤ Ga ≤ 230). We report that Hopf bifurcation occurs at Gacrit ≈ 157, where both the heavy and light spheres lose stability. The helical motion is widely seen for all spheres at Ga > 160 resulting from a double-threaded vortex interacting with the tube walls, which becomes irregular at Ga ≥ 190 where heavy spheres act differently from their counterparts; that is, heavy spheres change their helical directions alternately while light spheres exhibit helical trajectories with jaggedness in connection with the shedding of the double-threaded vortices. This is because of the difference in inertia between the heavy and light spheres. We also checked the oscillation periods for the helical motion of the spheres. They show opposite variations with ρs/ρ for the two types of spheres. Light spheres (ρs/ρ ≤ 0.7) reach a zigzagging regime at Ga ≥ 200 where a vortex loop (hairpin-like vortical structure) is formed which may develop into a vortex ring downstream at small ρs/ρ. This might be the first time a transition from the helical motion to the zigzagging motion for heavy spheres (ρs/ρ ≥ 1.8) has been reported. Finally, we examined the dependence of both the terminal Reynolds number and the drag coefficient of the spheres on the Galileo number.

Radio-frequency interference detection and flagging is one of the most difficult and urgent problems in 21 cm Epoch of Reionisation research. In this work, we present $\chi^2$ from redundant calibration as a novel method for RFI detection and flagging, demonstrating it to be complementary to current state-of-the-art flagging algorithms. Beginning with a brief overview of redundant calibration and the meaning of the $\chi^2$ metric, we demonstrate a two-step RFI flagging algorithm which uses the values of this metric to detect faint RFI. We find that roughly 27.4% of observations have RFI from digital television channel 7 detected by at least one algorithm of the three tested: 18.0% of observations are flagged by the novel $\chi^2$ algorithm, 16.5% are flagged by SSINS, and 6.8% are flagged by AOFlagger (there is significant overlap in these percentages). Of the 27.4% of observations with detected DTV channel 7 RFI, 37.1% (10.2% of the total observations) are detected by $\chi^2$ alone, and not by either SSINS or AOFlagger, demonstrating a significant population of as-yet undetected RFI. We find that $\chi^2$ is able to detect RFI events which remain undetectable to SSINS and AOFlagger, especially in the domain of long-duration, weak RFI from digital television. We also discuss the shortcomings of this approach and discuss examples of RFI which seems undetectable using $\chi^2$ while being successfully flagged by SSINS and/or AOFlagger.

Mental health is deteriorating quickly and significantly globally post-COVID. Though there were already over 1 billion people living with mental disorders pre-pandemic, in the first year of COVID-19 alone, the prevalence of anxiety and depression soared by 25% worldwide. In light of the chronic shortages of mental health provider and resources, along with disruptions of available health services caused by the pandemic and COVID-related restrictions, technology is widely believed to hold the key to addressing rising mental health crises. However, hurdles such as fragmented and often suboptimal patient protection measures substantially undermine technology’s potential to address the global mental health crises effectively, reliably, and at scale. To shed light on these issues, this paper aims to discuss the post-pandemic challenges and opportunities the global community could leverage to improve society’s mental health en masse.

The flow-induced oscillation of an S-shaped buckled flexible filament was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. As the length and bending rigidity of the filament were varied, three distinct modes emerged: the equilibrium mode, streamwise oscillation (SO) mode and transverse oscillation (TO) mode. A transition region between the SO and TO modes was identified. Notably, the filament exhibited a 3P wake pattern under SO and a 2S wake pattern under TO. The former was induced by fluid–elastic instability, while the latter was attributed to vortex-induced oscillation. The interaction between the filament's motion and vortex shedding was examined for both modes. To elucidate the disparity between the TO of the S-shaped buckled filament and snap-through oscillation (STO), a ball-on-a-hill analogy was introduced. The performance of energy harvesting was evaluated using metrics including the elastic energy and power coefficient. The TO mode was found to show significantly higher energy harvesting performance than the SO and STO modes. The majority of the strain energy was concentrated at the upper and lower midpoints of the filament.

Mali is a country where little information is known about the circulation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry. Implementing risk-based surveillance strategies would allow early detection and rapid control of AIVs outbreaks in the country. In this study, we implemented a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method coupled with geographic information systems (GIS) to identify risk areas for AIVs occurrence in domestic poultry in Mali. Five risk factors associated with AIVs occurrence were identified from the literature, and their relative weights were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Spatial data were collected for each risk factor and processed to produce risk maps for AIVs outbreaks using a weighted linear combination (WLC). We identified the southeast regions (Bamako and Sikasso) and the central region (Mopti) as areas with the highest risk of AIVs occurrence. Conversely, northern regions were considered low-risk areas. The risk areas agree with the location of HPAI outbreaks in Mali. This study provides the first risk map using the GIS-MCDA approach to identify risk areas for AIVs occurrence in Mali. It should provide a basis for designing risk-based and more cost-effective surveillance strategies for the early detection of avian influenza outbreaks in Mali.

Antipsychotics effective for schizophrenia approved prior to 2024 shared the common mechanism of postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptor antagonism or partial agonism. Positive psychosis symptoms correlate with excessive presynaptic dopamine turnover and release, yet this postsynaptic mechanism improved positive symptoms only in some patients, and with concomitant risk for off-target motor and endocrine adverse effects; moreover, these agents showed no benefit for negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The sole exception was data supporting cariprazine’s superiority to risperidone for negative symptoms. The muscarinic M1/M4 agonist xanomeline was approved in September 2024 and represents the first of a new antipsychotic class. This novel mechanism improves positive symptoms by reducing presynaptic dopamine release. Xanomeline also lacks any D2 receptor affinity and is not associated with motor or endocrine side effects. Of importance, xanomeline treated patients with higher baseline levels of cognitive dysfunction in clinical trials data saw cognitive improvement, a finding likely related to stimulation of muscarinic M1 receptors. Treatment resistance is seen in one-third of schizophrenia patients. These individuals do not have dopamine dysfunction underlying their positive symptoms, and therefore show limited response to antipsychotics that target dopamine neurotransmission. Clozapine remains the only medication with proven efficacy for resistant schizophrenia, and with unique benefits for persistent impulsive aggression and suicidality. New molecules are being studied to address the array of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia; however, until their approval, clinicians must be familiar with currently available agents and be adept at prescribing clozapine.

(Re)visiting the testimony exhibition part of Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace in Tokyo, I focus on one testimony in particular. This testimony was given by a survivor of the “comfort women” system, a state-sponsored regime of military sexual exploitation and core institution in the Empire of Japan’s expansion 1932–1945. The testimony was then withheld before the exhibition opened. I approach this “withheld testimony” as an invocation of rupture to the time, space, and positionalities informing the museum narrative. The paper interrogates the interplay of the survivor’s act of withholding her testimony, the curatorial decision to represent the absence that followed on the withholding, and the disruption to the museum narrative that the withholding prompts. By exploring the withheld testimony as a speaking silence, visible emptiness, and present absence, the paper offers a rethinking of model victimhood under the comfort women system.

The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of older medicinal cannabis consumers and those advising them on older Canadians’ experiences accessing cannabis and information about it, as well as how stigma may influence their experiences. A concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was used. The design was qualitatively driven and involved conducting semi-structured interviews with older adults and advisors and developing a survey for older adults. We used a Qualitative Descriptive approach for the analysis of qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative survey data. Findings demonstrate that many older adults are accessing information about cannabis for medical purposes from retailers, either because they are reticent to talk to their healthcare professionals or were rebuffed when bringing up the subject. We recommend cannabis education be required for healthcare professionals working with older persons and that future research examines their perspectives on medicinal cannabis and older adults.