Centred on the celebrated inset mirror of the Arnolfini double portrait, the chapter considers the rich evidence of fifteenth-century Flemish painting’s depictions of inset mirrors and the larger cultural histories that pertain to them, including the early Renaissance guilds that governed their artistic production. It highlights the relationship between painting and the heraldic arts of the period, comprising lustrous armorial metalwork alongside glass mirror manufacture, to suggest a broader context of reflective arts surrounding the representation of mirrors in painting.

In Chapter 6, we present our reconceptualization of organizational control. We discuss four fundamental shifts in organizations – from face-to-face work to remote work; from stable, full-time work to alternative work arrangements; from human managers to algorithmic control; and from traditional to platform-mediated gig work – and discuss the impact of these shifts on organizational control. Our reconceptualization consists of both a conceptual part, where we advance a configurational approach to model the causal complexity inherent in organizational control, and an empirical part, where we present exemplary archetypes of control configurations across a variety of twenty-first-century organizations, including US trucking companies, GitLab, Amazon warehouses, Uber, and Upwork.

Eusebius preserved valuable traditions of Papias going back to St. John concerning the origins of the gospels of Mark and of Matthew. Before writing the Greek gospels we have, between AD 42 and 46, Mark made an unordered notebook of Peter’s memoirs about Jesus, and Matthew arranged Jesus’s words and deeds into an integrated narrative in Hebrew. These drafts were for private circulation among close acquaintances and were never published. Matthew’s could have served as a memory prop for the apostles’ oral deliveries in missionary situations. It probably informed the triple tradition behind the synoptic gospels.

Although our developing discussion focuses on Christology and genetics, it inevitably connects with two larger bodies of information: all major Christian doctrines and the whole array of life sciences. Classical Christology is central in the entire web of orthodox Christian doctrine, while evolutionary genetics is now fundamental to all the sciences that study life. At relevant points, then, essential orthodox Christian doctrines and key findings of the biological sciences will come into play. Furthermore, the interaction of Christology and genetics we seek depends on how we understand the broader Christianity–science relationship. Of course, various ways of looking at the Christianity–science relationship have developed over the centuries since the birth of modern science.

Chapter 1 outlines and discusses the issues and challenges early career teachers are faced with at different times in their first five years of teaching. Next, the chapter outlines the aims of the book and why it is important.

Chapter 1 builds from the example of the Arab Spring uprisings to illustrate the importance of blame for authoritarian politics and its relevance to the stability of ruling monarchies. The chapter summarizes the book’s argument about how power sharing affects attributions under autocracy and how autocrats strategically try to limit their exposure to blame by delegating decision-making powers to other political elites. It then describes why autocratic monarchs are better positioned than other autocrats to avoid blame by sharing power. The chapter also discusses the book’s contributions to scholarship on authoritarianism, including how popular politics affect regime stability, when autocrats are more or less likely to share power, why autocratic monarchies have been so stable, and how power sharing and popular politics interact in authoritarian settings. The chapter ends with an outline of the remainder of the book.

This chapter traces how the concern about negative economic liberty encoded in the consumer welfare standard and the laissez-faire antitrust approach coined by the Chicago School have transformed competition law on both sides of the Atlantic. It shows how this shift from republican to negative liberty as normative bedrock of competition law led to a recalibration of the role of legal presumptions, the standard of harm and the error–cost framework. It thus identifies the main parameters that drove the transformation of US and EU competition law from a republican antirust to a laissez-faire antitrust approach. This transfiguration displaced republican liberty as non-domination by a thinned-out understanding of negative liberty as non-interference as the ultimate goal of modern competition law and led to the disappearance of the idea of a competition–democracy nexus.

Chapter 10 provides an overview of the role and functions of private enforcement within regulatory regimes and the availability of redress. It draws attention to different ‘models of legal responsibility’ upon which regulatory regimes rely in allocating and distributing legal rights and duties between those who are subject to regulation and those whom regulation is intended to protect (‘regulatory beneficiaries’). This chapter is the most legally focused chapter in the volume, selectively highlighting several features of the institutional and enforcement context in which regulation occurs. Examples are private litigation, collective redress mechanisms, the role of courts as authoritative and final interpreters of the law and ‘alternative’ avenues for redress.

This book focuses on the management challenges associated with developing the strategies, building the organizations, and managing the operations of companies whose activities stretch across national boundaries. Operating in an international rather than a domestic arena clearly presents managers with many new opportunities. Having worldwide operations not only gives a company access to new markets and low-cost resources, it also opens up new sources of information and knowledge and broadens the options for the strategic moves the company might make to compete with its domestic and international rivals. However, with all these new opportunities come the challenges of managing strategy, organization, and operations that are innately more complex, diverse, and uncertain.

The Introduction makes the case for why it is important and timely to return afresh to ancient greek epic, despite or even because of the huge amount of scholarship that already exists on this genre. After a brief overview of the current state of the field, it outlines the main points of innovation and interventions of the volume, focusing on its thematic structure, its emphasis on the lesser-known authors or dimensions of Greek epic, and its integration of ancient material and modern responses to it. It ends with a brief overview of the sections of the volume and draws out the connections between the chapters within them.

Travis Chi Wing Lau addresses the place of race within Romantic-era medical discourse, calling attention to the disabling forms of experimentation on Black bodies that enabled anatomical research. There is, Lau points out, a key irony in these experiments, as the study of those who were understood to be fundamentally pathological led to universalizing conclusions about the nature of normative, white man. If this sounds like a moment of merely historical interest, Lau assures us it is not. Rather, the legacy of the racialized discourse of medicine can be witnessed in ongoing health disparities among differently racialized groups.