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1 results

  • Chapter 13 - Where Three Oceans Meet

  • Edited by Stephen J. Hawkins, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, Katrin Bohn, Louise B. Firth, University of Plymouth, Gray A. Williams, The University of Hong Kong
  • Book:
    Interactions in the Marine Benthos
    Published online:
    07 September 2019
    Print publication:
    29 August 2019, pp 333-359

  • Summary

    Three broad contributions have recently emerged from South African marine biology. First, even strong environmental and biological effects like upwelling are context dependent, nested in biogeography and differ from fine to coarse taxonomic scales. This can lead to small-scale spatial predictability in grazing effects. While top-down control, including fishing, is critical in shallow subtidal systems, the intertidal exhibits stronger bottom-up regulation. Second, phylogeographic patterns can be strong, without coinciding with biogeographic boundaries. This is important because intra-specific genetic lineages can show critical differences in behaviour and physiology, making species responses to environmental change and biological interactions variable at the population level. Third, many non-indigenous species have come to light. Few have become invasive, but they can have dramatic effects, positive and negative. Their simple distributional patterns emerge from complex interactions of many variables, making predicting species distributions under climate change difficult.