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Chapter 13 - Where Three Oceans Meet

State of the Art and Developments in Southern African Coastal Marine Biology*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2019

By
Christopher D. McQuaid  and
Laura K. Blamey
Edited by
Stephen J. Hawkins ,
Katrin Bohn ,
Louise B. Firth  and
Gray A. Williams
Stephen J. Hawkins
Affiliation:
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth
Katrin Bohn
Affiliation:
Natural England
Louise B. Firth
Affiliation:
University of Plymouth
Gray A. Williams
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong
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Summary

Three broad contributions have recently emerged from South African marine biology. First, even strong environmental and biological effects like upwelling are context dependent, nested in biogeography and differ from fine to coarse taxonomic scales. This can lead to small-scale spatial predictability in grazing effects. While top-down control, including fishing, is critical in shallow subtidal systems, the intertidal exhibits stronger bottom-up regulation. Second, phylogeographic patterns can be strong, without coinciding with biogeographic boundaries. This is important because intra-specific genetic lineages can show critical differences in behaviour and physiology, making species responses to environmental change and biological interactions variable at the population level. Third, many non-indigenous species have come to light. Few have become invasive, but they can have dramatic effects, positive and negative. Their simple distributional patterns emerge from complex interactions of many variables, making predicting species distributions under climate change difficult.

Keywords

rocky shoresandy beachkelp forestSouth Africainvasive speciesphylogeographybiogeographyscale-dependent variabilitymarine ecology
Type
Chapter
Information
Interactions in the Marine Benthos
Global Patterns and Processes
 , pp. 333 - 359
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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