We study the distribution of the length of longest increasing subsequences in random permutations of n integers as n grows large and establish an asymptotic expansion in powers of $n^{-1/3}$. Whilst the limit law was already shown by Baik, Deift and Johansson to be the GUE Tracy–Widom distribution F, we find explicit analytic expressions of the first few finite-size correction terms as linear combinations of higher order derivatives of F with rational polynomial coefficients. Our proof replaces Johansson’s de-Poissonization, which is based on monotonicity as a Tauberian condition, by analytic de-Poissonization of Jacquet and Szpankowski, which is based on growth conditions in the complex plane; it is subject to a tameness hypothesis concerning complex zeros of the analytically continued Poissonized length distribution. In a preparatory step an expansion of the hard-to-soft edge transition law of LUE is studied, which is lifted to an expansion of the Poissonized length distribution for large intensities. Finally, expansions of Stirling-type approximations and of the expected value and variance of the length distribution are given.

Let $f(z)=\sum\limits_{j=0}^{\infty} a_j z^j$ be a transcendental entire function and let $f_\omega(z)=\sum\limits_{j=0}^{\infty}\chi_j(\omega) a_j z^j$ be a random entire function, where $\chi_j(\omega)$ are independent and identically distributed random variables defined on a probability space $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu)$. In this paper, we first define a family of random entire functions, which includes Gaussian, Rademacher and Steinhaus entire functions. We prove that, for almost all functions in the family and for any constant C > 1, there exist a constant $r_0=r_0(\omega)$ and a set $E\subset [e, \infty)$ of finite logarithmic measure such that, for $r \gt r_0$ and $r\notin E$,

\begin{equation*}|\log M(r, f)- N(r,0, f_\omega)|\le (C/A)^{\frac1{B}}\,\log^{\frac1{B}}\,\log M(r,f) +\log\,\log M(r, f), \qquad a.s.\end{equation*}

where $A, B$ are constants, $M(r, f)$ is the maximum modulus and $N(r, 0, f)$ is the integrated zero-counting function of f. As a by-product of our main results, we prove Nevanlinna’s second main theorem for random entire functions. Thus, the characteristic function of almost all functions in the family is bounded above by an integrated counting function, rather than by two integrated counting functions as in the classical Nevanlinna theory. For instance, we show that, for almost all Gaussian entire functions fω and for any ϵ > 0, there is r0 such that, for $r \gt r_0$,

\begin{equation*}T(r, f) \le N(r,0, f_\omega)+\left(\tfrac12+\epsilon\right) \log T(r, f).\end{equation*}

The set of points that escape to infinity under iteration of a cosine map, that is, of the form $C_{a,\,b} \colon z \mapsto ae^z+be^{-z}$ for $a,\,b\in \mathbb{C}^\ast$ , consists of a collection of injective curves, called dynamic rays. If a critical value of $C_{a,\,b}$ escapes to infinity, then some of its dynamic rays overlap pairwise and split at critical points. We consider a large subclass of cosine maps with escaping critical values, including the map $z\mapsto \cosh(z)$ . We provide an explicit topological model for their dynamics on their Julia sets. We do so by first providing a model for the dynamics near infinity of any cosine map, and then modifying it to reflect the splitting of rays for functions of the subclass we study. As an application, we give an explicit combinatorial description of the overlap occurring between the dynamic rays of $z\mapsto \cosh(z)$ , and conclude that no two of its dynamic rays land together.

Let $f(z)=\sum _{n=0}^\infty a_n z^n$ be an entire function on the complex plane, and let ${\mathcal R} f(z) = \sum _{n=0}^\infty a_n X_n z^n$ be its randomization induced by a standard sequence $(X_n)_n$ of independent Bernoulli, Steinhaus, or Gaussian random variables. In this paper, we characterize those functions $f(z)$ such that ${\mathcal R} f(z)$ is almost surely in the Fock space ${\mathcal F}_{\alpha }^p$ for any $p, \alpha \in (0,\infty )$. Then such a characterization, together with embedding theorems which are of independent interests, is used to obtain a Littlewood-type theorem, also known as regularity improvement under randomization within the scale of Fock spaces. Other results obtained in this paper include: (a) a characterization of random analytic functions in the mixed-norm space ${\mathcal F}(\infty , q, \alpha )$, an endpoint version of Fock spaces, via entropy integrals; (b) a complete description of random lacunary elements in Fock spaces; and (c) a complete description of random multipliers between different Fock spaces.

Complex linear differential equations with entire coefficients are studied in the situation where one of the coefficients is an exponential polynomial and dominates the growth of all the other coefficients. If such an equation has an exponential polynomial solution $f$, then the order of $f$ and of the dominant coefficient are equal, and the two functions possess a certain duality property. The results presented in this paper improve earlier results by some of the present authors, and the paper adjoins with two open problems.

We prove a number of results concerning the Hausdorff and packing dimension of sets of points which escape (at least in average) to infinity at a given rate under non-autonomous iteration of exponential maps. In particular, we generalize the results proved by Sixsmith in 2016 and answer his question on annular itineraries for exponential maps.

We consider expansions of o-minimal structures on the real field by collections of restrictions to the positive real line of the canonical Weierstrass products associated with sequences such as $(-n^{s})_{n>0}$ (for $s>0$) and $(-s^{n})_{n>0}$ (for $s>1$), and also expansions by associated functions such as logarithmic derivatives. There are only three possible outcomes known so far: (i) the expansion is o-minimal (that is, definable sets have only finitely many connected components); (ii) every Borel subset of each $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ is definable; (iii) the expansion is interdefinable with a structure of the form $(\mathfrak{R}^{\prime },\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}^{\mathbb{Z}})$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>1$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ is the set of all integer powers of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, and $\mathfrak{R}^{\prime }$ is o-minimal and defines no irrational power functions.

We give an upper estimate for the order of the entire functions in the Nevanlinna parameterization of the solutions of an indeterminate Hamburger moment problem. Under a regularity condition this estimate becomes explicit and takes the form of a convergence exponent. Proofs are based on transformations of canonical systems and I.S.Kac' formula for the spectral asymptotics of a string. Combining with a lower estimate from previous work, we obtain a class of moment problems for which order can be computed. This generalizes a theorem of Yu.M.Berezanskii about spectral asymptotics of a Jacobi matrix (in the case that order is ⩽ 1/2).

Let ${\it\alpha}\in \mathbb{C}$ in the upper half-plane and let $I$ be an interval. We construct an analogue of Selberg’s majorant of the characteristic function of $I$ that vanishes at the point ${\it\alpha}$. The construction is based on the solution to an extremal problem with positivity and interpolation constraints. Moreover, the passage from the auxiliary extremal problem to the construction of Selberg’s function with vanishing is easily adapted to provide analogous “majorants with vanishing” for any Beurling–Selberg majorant.

For a given de Branges space $\mathcal{H}(E)$ we investigate de Branges subspaces defined in terms of majorants on the real axis. If $\omega $ is a nonnegative function on $\mathbb{R}$, we consider the subspace

$${{\mathcal{R}}_{\omega }}(E)=\text{Clo}{{\text{s}}_{\mathcal{H}(E)}}\{F\in \mathcal{H}(E):\text{there exists }C>0:|{{E}^{-1}}F|\le C\omega \,on\,\mathbb{R}\}.$$

We show that ${{\mathcal{R}}_{\omega }}(E)$ is a de Branges subspace and describe all subspaces of this form. Moreover, we give a criterion for the existence of positive minimal majorants.

In this paper we construct a flat smooth section of an induced space $I(s,\eta )$ of $S{{L}_{2}}\left( \mathbb{R} \right)$ so that the attached Whittaker function is not of finite order. An asymptotic method of classical analysis is used.

The paper examines a higher-order ordinary differential equation of the form $\mathcal{P}[u]\,{:=} \sum_{j,k=0}^{m}D^{j}a_{jk}D^{k}u \,{=}\, \lambda{u}, x\in[0,b)$, where $D\,{=}\,i({d}/{dx})$, and where the coefficients $a_{jk}$, $j,k\in[0,m]$, with $a_{mm}\,{=}\,1$, satisfy certain regularity conditions and are chosen so that the matrix $(a_{jk})$ is hermitean. It is also assumed that $m\,{>}\,1$. More precisely, it is proved, using Paley–Wiener methods, that the corresponding spectral measure determines the equation up to conjugation by a function of modulus 1. The paper also discusses under which additional conditions the spectral measure uniquely determines the coefficients $a_{jk}$, $j,k\in[0,m]$, $j+k\neq{2m}$, as well as $b$ and the boundary conditions at 0 and at $b$ (if any).

Let $(a_n)_{n\ge 0}$ be a sequence of complex numbers, and, for $n\,{\ge}\,0$, let \[ b_n=\sum_{k=0}^n{n\choose k}a_k\quad\hbox{and}\quad c_n=\sum_{k=0}^n{n\choose k}(-1)^{n-k}a_k. \] A number of results are proved relating the growth of the sequences $(b_n)$ and $(c_n)$ to that of $(a_n)$. For example, given $p\,{\ge}\,0$, if $b_n\,{=}\,O(n^p)$ and $c_n\,{=}\,O(e^{\epsilon\sqrt{n}})$ for all $\epsilon\gt0$, then $a_n\,{=}\,0$ for all $n\gt p$. Also, given $0\lt\rho\lt1$, then $b_n,c_n\,{=}\,O(e^{\epsilon n^\rho})$ for all $\epsilon\gt0$ if and only if $n^{1/\rho-1}|a_n|^{1/n}\to 0$. It is further shown that, given $\beta\gt1$, if $b_n,c_n\,{=}\,O(\beta^n)$, then $a_n\,{=}\,O(\alpha^n)$, where $\alpha\,{=}\,\sqrt{\beta^2-1}$, thereby proving a conjecture of Chalendar, Kellay and Ransford. The principal ingredients of the proofs are a Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem for entire functions of exponential type zero, and an estimate for the expected value of $e^{\phi(X)}$, where $X$ is a Poisson random variable.

A partition of the class of all Hermite–Biehler entire functions of finite order into subclasses ${\cal P}_\kappa$ is introduced. A given function $E(z)$ belongs to ${\cal P}_\kappa$ if and only if $-z^{-1}\log E(z)\in{\mc N}_\kappa$, where the class ${\mc N}_\kappa$ is a well studied family of meromorphic functions on the upper half plane, which originates from operator theoretic problems. It is also proved that the subclasses ${\cal P}_\kappa$ are stable under bounded type perturbation.

A holomorphic function defined in the unit disk $\Delta = \{z: |z|<1\}$ belongs to the MacLane class ${\cal A}$ if each point $\zeta$ of a dense subset of $\p \Delta$ is the endpoint of a curve $\gamma_{\zeta}$ (with

$\gamma_{\zeta}\setminus \zeta \subset \Delta)$ such that $f(z)$ tends to a limit (perhaps $\infty$) as $z \to \zeta$ on $\gamma_\zeta$. The classical Fatou theorem ensures that $f \in {\cal A}$ when $f$ is bounded. G. R. MacLane introduced ${\cal A}$ in [5], where he proved that $f \in {\cal A}$ if there is a set $E$ dense in $\p \Delta$ with \begin{equation}\int^1_0 (1-r) \log^+|f(re^{i\theta})| \, dr<\infty\qquad(\theta \in E).\end{equation}

For example, if $f$ is the modular function and $M(r)=\max_{|z|=r}|f(z)|$ its maximum modulus, then

$$\log M(r)\leq \log\frac{1}{1-r} +O(1),$$

so that (1.1) applies. An ample discussion of ${\cal A}$ is in [4, Chapter 10].

Let where {λn}n ∈ Ζ is a sequence of real numbers such that |λn — n| ≤ Δ for some Δ > 0 and all n ∈ ℤ . Extending an obvious property of sin πz to which the function G reduces when Δ = 0 we show that is bounded by a constant independent of n. The result is then applied to a problem concerning derivative sampling in one and several variables.

A classical result of Laguerre says that if P is a polynomial of degree n such that P(z) ≠ 0 for | z | < 1 then (ξ - z)P' (z) + nP(z) ≠ 0 for | z | < 1 and | ξ | < 1. Rahman and Schmeisser have obtained an extension of that result to entire functions of exponential type: if f is an entire function of exponential type τ, bounded on ℝ, such that hf(π/2) = 0 then (ξ- l)f'(z) + iτ(z) ≠ 0 for Im(z) > 0 and | ξ | < 1, whenever f(z) ≠ 0 if Im(z) > 0. We obtain a new proof of that result. We also obtain a generalization, to entire functions of exponential type, of a result of Szegö according to which the inequality | P(Rz) — P(z) | < Rn - 1, | z | ≤ 1, R ≥ 1, holds for all polynomials P, of degree ≤ n, such that | P(z) | ≤ 1 for | z | ≤ 1.

Bernstein's inequality says that if f is an entire function of exponential type τ which is bounded on the real axis then

Genchev has proved that if, in addition, hf (π/2) ≤0, where hf is the indicator function of f, then

Using a method of approximation due to Lewitan, in a form given by Hörmander, we obtain, to begin, a generalization and a refinement of Genchev's result. Also, we extend to entire functions of exponential type two results first proved for polynomials by Rahman. Finally, we generalize a theorem of Boas concerning trigonometric polynomials vanishing at the origin.