Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:41:38.121Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Vision, development, and bilingualism are fundamental in the quest for a universal model of visual word recognition and reading

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2012

Nicola J. Pitchford
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]
Walter J. B. van Heuven
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]
Andrew N. Kelly
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]
Taoli Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]
Timothy Ledgeway
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]

Abstract

We agree with many of the principles proposed by Frost but highlight crucial caveats and report research findings that challenge several assertions made in the target article. We discuss the roles that visual processing, development, and bilingualism play in visual word recognition and reading. These are overlooked in all current models, but are fundamental to any universal model of reading.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Diependaele, K., Ziegler, J. & Grainger, J. (2010) Fast phonology and the bi-modal interactive activation model. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 22:764–78.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, T. & van Heuven, W. J. B. (1998) The BIA-model and bilingual word recognition. In: Localist connectionist approaches to human cognition, ed. Grainger, J. & Jacobs, A. M., pp. 189225. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Ding, G., Peng, D. & Taft, M. (2004) The nature of the mental representation of radicals in Chinese: A priming study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30:530–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Frost, R., Kugler, T., Deutsch, A. & Forster, K. I. (2005) Orthographic structure versus morphological structure: Principles of lexical organization in a given language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31(6):1293–326.Google Scholar
Healy, A. F. & Cunningham, T. F. (1992) A developmental evaluation of the role of word shape in word recognition. Memory and Cognition 20:141–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. H. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1992) Can neural selectionism be applied to cognitive development and its disorders? New Ideas in Psychology 10:3546.Google Scholar
Kelly, A. N., van Heuven, W. J. B., Pitchford, N. J. & Ledgeway, T. (2011) Revisiting word shape effects: The influence of ascender letters in visual word recognition. Paper presented at the Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing meeting, Paris, France, August 31–September 3, 2011.Google Scholar
Ktori, M. & Pitchford, N. J. (2009) Development of letter position processing: Effects of age and orthographic transparency. Journal of Research in Reading 32:180–98.Google Scholar
Lavidor, M. (2011) Whole-word shape effect in dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading 34:433–54.Google Scholar
McClelland, J. L. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981) An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review 88:375407.Google Scholar
Page, M. (2000) Connectionist modeling in psychology: A localist manifesto. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:443512.Google Scholar
Perry, C., Ziegler, J. C. & Zorzi, M. (2010) Beyond single syllables: Large-scale modeling of reading aloud with the Connectionist Dual Process (CDP++) model. Cognitive Psychology 61:106–51.Google Scholar
Pitchford, N. J., Ktori, M. & van Heuven, W. J. B. (2011) Inhibitory effects of exterior letter frequency on visual word recognition: Differential patterns across English and Greek. Paper presented at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, St. Pete Beach, Florida, July 13–16, 2011. Available at: http://www.triplesr.org/conference/archive/2011/11conf.php.Google Scholar
Pitchford, N. J., Ledgeway, T. & Masterson, J. (2008) Effect of orthographic processes in letter position encoding. Journal of Research in Reading 31:97116.Google Scholar
Pitchford, N. J., Ledgeway, T. & Masterson, J. (2009) Reduced orthographic learning in dyslexic adult readers: Evidence from patterns of letter search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62:99113.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. S. C. & van Heuven, W. J. B. (2005) Computational models of bilingual comprehension. In: Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches, ed. Kroll, J. F. & de Groot, A. M. B., pp. 202–25. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
van Heuven, W. J. B. & Conklin, K. (2007) Effects of cross-linguistic orthographic and phonological similarity in Chinese–English bilinguals. Paper presented at the 15th Meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Marseille, France, August 29–September 1, 2007. Abstract available at: http://sites.univ-provence.fr/wlpc/escop07_2/proceedings_ESCOP2007.pdf.Google Scholar
Wang, C. & Peng, D. (2000) 重复启动作业中词的语义透明度的作用 [The role of semantic transparencies in the processing of compound words]. Acta Psychologica Sinica 32:127–32.Google Scholar
Webb, T. M., Beech, J. R., Mayall, K. M. & Andrews, A. S. (2006) It's what's on the outside that matters: An advantage for external features in children's word recognition. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 94:163–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, T., van Heuven, W. J. B. & Conklin, K. (2011) Fast automatic translation and morphological decomposition in Chinese–English bilinguals. Psychological Science 22:1237–42.Google Scholar