This article discusses issues related to the testing of listening comprehension in the context of the 1986 ACTFL proficiency guidelines (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, 1987). After a review of current research on listening comprehension and development of listening tests, four issues are singled out for more detailed consideration: the meaning of context in listening testing, the concept of criterion-referenced tests, the notion of specific purposes in testing, and the use of technology in listening tests. A number of research issues are also discussed.