Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T09:25:54.352Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Role of Perceptual Information in Familiarity-Based Scene Recognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Alfonso Pitarque  and
Belén Sáez
Alfonso Pitarque*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Valencia (Spain)
Belén Sáez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Valencia (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Alfonso Pitarque. Departamento de Metodología, Facultad de Psicología. Avda. Blasco Ibanez 21. 46010 Valencia (Spain). E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A method to analyze the role of familiarity in recognizing pictures of everyday scenes is introduced. The idea is to manipulate two within-subjects conditions: an experimental condition where the scenes repeat perceptual information (e.g. buildings and/or vehicles) and a control condition. The results show the two conditions did not differ in terms of hit rates, but in the experimental condition there were significantly fewer false alarms, yielding better results, which supports the findings of past research studies that have used verbal materials. This perceptual facilitation was maintained throughout a week-long retention interval. Finally, a detailed analysis of this facilitation shows it was due to a significant reduction in false alarms on know judgments, emphasizing familiarity's role in explaining this effect.

Presentamos un método para analizar el papel que la familiaridad juega en el reconocimiento de fotografías de escenas cotidianas. La idea consiste en manipular dos condiciones intrasujeto: una condición experimental en la que se presentan fotografías en las que se repite información perceptual (p.e. edificios y/o vehículos) frente a otra condición control. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias en las tasas de aciertos de ambas condiciones, pero sí una reducción significativa de las falsas alarmas en la condición experimental, lo que provoca una mejor rendimiento en esta condición, patrón de resultados que coincide con el hallado utilizando materiales verbales. Dicha facilitación perceptual se mantiene así mismo tras una semana del estudio de los materiales. Por último el análisis pormenorizado de dicha facilitación nos muestra que es debida principalmente a una reducción significativa de las falsas alarmas en los juicios saber, lo que remarca el papel que la familiaridad juega en la explicación de dicho efecto.

Keywords

familiarityscene recognitionremember and know judgmentsfamiliaridadreconocimiento de fotografíasjuicios de recordar y saber
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , November 2012 , pp. 901 - 909
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aggleton, J. P., & Brown, M. W. (2006). Interleaving brain systems for episodic and recognition memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 455–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.08.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Algarabel, S., Escudero, J., Mazón, J. F., Pitarque, A., Peset, V., & Lacruz, L. (2009). Familiarity based recognition in young, healthy aged people, mild cognitive impaired and Alzheimer's disease patients. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2056–2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Algarabel, S., & Pitarque, A., (2010). Familiarity changes as a function of perceptual shifts. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13, 518–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Algarabel, S., Pitarque, A., & Gotor, A. (2006). Effect of retention interval on the simultaneous cognate-noncognate and remember-know mirror effects. Memory, 14, 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000539CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Algarabel, S., Pitarque, A., Tomás, J. M., & Mazón, J. F. (2010). Explorations on familiarity produced by words with specific combinations of letters. The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 22, 265–285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440902767818CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Algarabel, S., Rodríguez, L. A., Escudero, J., Fuentes, M., Peset, V., Pitarque, A., … Mazón, J. F. (2010). Recognition by familiarity is preserved in Parkinson's witout dementia and Lewy-Body disease. Neuropsychology, 24, 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019221CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ally, B. A., Gold, C. A., & Budson, A. E. (2009). An evaluation of recollection and familiarity in Alzheimer's desease and mild cognitive impairment using receiver operating characteristics. Brain & Cognition, 69, 504–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2008.11.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. D., Ebert, P. L., Jennings, J. M., Grady, C. L., Cabeza, R., & Graham, S. J. (2008). Recollection- and familiarity-based memory in healthy aging and amnesic mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology, 22, 177–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballesteros, S., Reales, J. M., & Mayas, J. (2007). Picture priming in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Psicothema, 19, 239–244.Google ScholarPubMed
Cleary, A. M., & Greene, R. L. (2000). Recognition without identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 1063–1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.26.4.1063Google ScholarPubMed
Cleary, A. M., & Reyes, N. L. (2009). Scene recognition without identification. Acta Psychologica, 131, 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.02.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cleary, A. M., & Specker, L. E. (2007). Recognition without face identification. Memory and Cognition, 35, 1610–1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03193495CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewhurst, S. A., & Conway, M. A. (1994). Pictures, images, and recollective experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 1088–1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.20.5.1088Google ScholarPubMed
Diana, R. A., Peterson, M. J., & Reder, L. M. (2004). The role of spurious feature familiarity in recognition memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 150–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03206475CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diana, R. A., Yonelinas, A. P., & Ranganath, C. (2007). Imaging recollection and familiarity in the medial temporal lobe: A three-component model. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 379–386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobbins, I. G., Kroll, N. E. A., & Liu, Q. (1998). Confidence-accuracy inversions in scene recognition: A remember-know analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 1306–1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.24.5.1306Google ScholarPubMed
Donaldson, W. (1996). The role of decision processes in remembering and knowing. Memory & Cognition, 24, 523–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03200940CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dudukovic, N. M., & Knowlton, B. J. (2006). Remember-know judgements and retrieval of contextual details. Acta Psychologica, 122, 160–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.11.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardiner, J. M., Ramponi, C., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (2002). Recognition memory and decision processes: A meta-analysis of remember, know, and guess responses. Memory, 10, 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210143000281CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gutchess, A. H., & Park, D. C. (2009). Effects of ageing on associative memory for related and unrelated pictures. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 21, 235–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440802257274CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Israel, L., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates. Psychological Bulletin & Review, 4, 577–581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03214352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory & Language, 30, 513–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(91)90025-FCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, L. L., Bishara, A. J., Hessels, S., & Toth, J. P. (2005). Aging, subjective experience, and cognitive control: Dramatic false remembering by older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 131–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.131CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keane, M. M., Orlando, F., & Verfaellie, M. (2006). Increasing the salience of fluency cues reduces the recognition memory impairment in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 44, 834–839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.08.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowlton, B. J., & Squire, L. R. (1995). Remembering and knowing: Two different expressions of declarative memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.21.3.699Google ScholarPubMed
Koontz, J., & Baskys, A. (2009). The cognitive reserve hypothesis: Truth or fiction? Directions in Psychiatry, 29, 15–21.Google Scholar
Langley, M. M., Cleary, A. M., Kostic, B. N., & Woods, J. A. (2008). Picture recognition without picture identification: A method for assessing the role of perceptual information in familiarity-based picture recognition. Acta Psychologica, 127, 103–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.03.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Long, D., Prat, C., Jones, C., Morris, P., & Jonatan, E. (2008). The importance of knowledge in vivid text memory: An individual-differences investigation of recollection and familiarity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 604–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/PBR.15.3.604CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCabe, D. P., Roediger, H. L. III, McDaniel, M. A., & Balota, D. A. (2009). Aging reduces veridical remembering but increases false remembering: Neuropsychological test correlates of remember–know judgments. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2164–2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.025CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: Auser's guide. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Manier, D., Apetroaia, I., Pappas, Z., & Hirst, W. (2004). Implicit contributions of context recognition. Consciousness & Cognition, 13, 471–483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2004.06.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, D. L., Reed, U. S., & Walling, J. R. (1976). Pictorial superiority effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 2, 523–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.2.5.523Google ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, M. K., & Ally, B. A. (2010). Using stimulus form change to understand memorial familiarity for pictures and words in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 48, 2068–2074.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.027CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, D. C., Puglisi, J. T., & Smith, A. D. (1986). Memory for pictures: Does an age-related decline exist?. Psychology and Aging, 1, 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.1.1.11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, D. C., Smith, A. D., Morrell, R. W., Puglisi, J. T., & Dudley, W. N. (1990). Effects of contextual integration on recall of pictures by older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 45, 52–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parkin, A., Ward, J., Squires, E., Furbear, H., Clark, A., & Townshend, J. (2001). Data-driven recognition memory: A new technique and some data on age differences. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 812–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03196222CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Google Scholar
Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: A dual-coding approach. New York, NY: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Peynircioglu, Z. F. (1990). A feeling-of-recognition without identification. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(90)90068-BCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quamme, J. R., Yonelinas, A. P., & Norman, K. A. (2007). Effect of unitization on associative recognition in amnesia. Hippocampus, 17, 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20257CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing. Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03211168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rajaram, S. (1996). Perceptual effects on remembering: Recollective processes in picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 365–377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.22.2.365Google ScholarPubMed
Rajaram, S. (1998). The effects of conceptual salience and perceptual distinctiveness on conscious recollection. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03209458CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reber, A. S. (1967). Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 855–863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80149-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. D., Park, D. C., Cherry, K., & Berkovsky, K (1990). Age differences in memory for concrete and abstract pictures. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 45, 205–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, A. D., Park, D. C., Earles, J. L. K., Shaw, R. J., & Whiting, W. L. (1998). Age differences in context integration in memory. Psychology and Aging, 13, 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.13.1.21CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snodgrass, J. L., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.2.174Google ScholarPubMed
Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology, 26, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0080017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voss, J. L., & Paller, K. A. (2009). An electrophysiological signature of unconscious recognition memory. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 349–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2260CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerberg, C. E., Paller, K. E., Holdstock, J. S., Mayes, A. R., & Reber, P. J. (2006). When memory does not fail: Familiarity-based recognition in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 20, 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wixted, J. T., & Stretch, V. (2004). In defense of the signal-detection interpretation of remember/know judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 616–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03196616CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolk, D. A., Signoff, E. D., & DeKosky, S. T. (2008). Recollection and familiarity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A global decline in recognition memory. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1965–1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yonelinas, A. P. (1997). Recognition memory ROCs for item and associative information: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition, 25, 747–763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03211318CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 441–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2002.2864CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yonelinas, A. P., & Jacoby, L. L. (1995). The relation between remembering and knowing as bases for recognition: Effects of size congruency. Journal of Memory & Language, 34, 622–643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1995.1028CrossRefGoogle Scholar