In the early part of 1937, during the course of excavations for a sewage extension tunnel at Queen's Park, on the south side of Glasgow, some pieces of bone were obtained by the workmen from a bed of gravel at a depth of 70 feet from the surface. Through the kindness of Mr T. Somers, Master of Works and City Engineer to the Corporation of Glasgow, these remains were loaned to the Geological Survey and, again with his sanction, submitted for examination to Professor James Ritchie of Edinburgh University, one of the collaborators in this note. Professor Ritchie reported that the fragments of bone fitted together to form the greater part of the right radius and ulna of a reindeer. At a later stage of the excavations a portion of an antler was disinterred from the same bed. It seems desirable to record these occurrences in some detail, and for convenience this communication has been divided into two parts. In the first of these the geological position and age of the fossiliferous deposit are briefly discussed, while the second part is devoted to a description of the remains themselves and to a comparison with similar remains elsewhere.

The radial distribution of the atoms (or molecules) of liquids, as of solids, can be found from X-ray scattering photographs (Zernike and Prins, 1927; Warren and Gingrich, 1934), and in this way many such distributions have been determined experimentally (Harvey, 1938, 1939; Gingrich, 1940; references in Coulson and Rushbrooke, 1939). The results are generally given as distribution curves showing p(r) or r2p(r) as a function of r, where 4πr2p(r)dr measures the probability that two arbitrarily selected atoms (or molecules) of the liquid are distant r to r + dr apart. Such distribution curves show a sequence of peaks—for ρ(r) these are usually of diminishing amplitude—and for atomic liquids successive peaks may conveniently be ascribed to successive co-ordination shells (of atoms) about any (arbitrarily selected) central atom. The position and precise shape of the peaks depends, of course, upon the temperature as well as the substance of the liquid.

1. When a battery of intelligence tests is administered to a set of persons it is a common practice among psychologists to “explain” the scores obtained in terms of a number of “factors.” Thus if we suppose that there are altogether t tests and that xi, denotes the score of any one person in the ith test, then it is assumed that

where f, g, …, h represent the person's measures in one or more general or group factors, and Si, is the person's specific ability in the ith test. It is further assumed that for a given and supposed infinite population of persons all the factors, specific and otherwise, are distributed normally and independently and that they are standardised, i.e. that their standard deviations are unity.

Hitherto the Lamé functions of u, of real periods 2K and 4K, and the Lamé polynomials in particular, have been expressed as series of integral powers of sn u (multiplied, in appropriate cases, by cn u, dn u, or cn u dn u). The necessity to use these, or the corresponding Weierstrassian forms, is a serious handicap to research, because the terms of the expression are not mutually orthogonal. In particular, results that can be deduced from the orthogonal properties of the Fourier series in which periodic Mathieu functions are developed, find no analogues in the Lamé functions as expressed in the customary forms. For instance, the integral equations that generate the Mathieu functions have proved to be valuable sources of information, but those for the Lamé functions cannot be much more than scientific curiosities until the development of Lamé functions as series of orthogonal functions enables them to be put to use.

In the course of a recent investigation on the fertilised egg of the mouse (Gresson, 1940 a, b) it was necessary to keep a record of the time at which pairing took place. This revealed that copulation, especially in the winter, was very infrequent during the hours of daylight, and usually took place at about 12 midnight or between midnight and early morning. Similar observations were made by Lewis and Wright (1935), who found that in the autumn and winter mice seldom copulated during the day, and that while the majority of pairings took place between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m., several of their mice paired between 1 a.m. and 7 a.m., whereas in the spring pairing occurred more readily during all hours of the day.

The object of this paper is to record certain temperatures which were measured in the deep Boreland Bore, near Dysart, in Fife, and to discuss the bearing of these and some other observations on the amount of heat which escapes from the crust, by conduction, in Britain.

This paper contains an attempt to formulate more rigorously the postulate of reciprocity (Born, 1939) and to solve the problem of finding reciprocal wave functions. We have not yet completely succeeded in this task, though considerable progress has been made; but it turns out that the original discussion has to be modified in several important respects.

1. This paper is the continuation of a former one (Erdélyi, 1939), and deals with the integration of the system of two partial linear differential equations of the second order

The former paper will be referred to as I; all the notations of I will be retained without further explanation.

The energy levels of a rotating vibrator have been calculated by the late J. L. Dunham (1932). The theory of the rotating vibrator is important, because it provides a method for direct quantitative study of molecular structure from the band spectra of diatomic molecules. The purpose of this paper is to extend Dunham's results and to express them in a form more convenient for numerical calculation.

The importance of the pituitary in relation to many body processes has long been recognised, and may be due either to its direct influence on the body or to its control over other endocrine organs, in particular the thyroids and gonads. It is evident that various hormones are elaborated in the gland, and it appears likely that they originate in particular regions or even in particular cell types. It is of interest therefore to ascertain at what period in the development of the animal these hormones first appear. This problem can be approached from two directions, experimental and histological.

In this paper we consider a new class of Riemannian spaces which arise in the theory of the solution of the tensor generalisation of Laplace's equation ∇2V = o. To obtain this generalisation Beltrami's second differential parameter is defined in terms of the metric

of the associated n-dimensional Riemannian space by the usual formulæ

where denotes the Christoffel symbol . The generalised Laplace's equation is then Δ2V = o. For simplicity the quadratic differential form (1.1) is taken to be positive definite, which involves no essential loss of generality.