The increase in the amount of scientific information in heliophysics is related to both quantitative – increasing the number of high-power telescopes and the size of light receivers coupled to them, and qualitative reasons – new modes of observation, large-scale and multiple studies of the solar corona in different ranges, large-scale numerical experiments to simulate the evolution of various processes and formations, etc. The paper discusses the role and importance of methods for processing images of the solar corona, the store of obtained “raw” data and the need to access high-performance computing systems in order to obtain scientific results from the observational experiments, the need of international collaboration and access to the data in the era of increase in the amount of scientific information in heliophysics.

We use near-infrared Integral Field Unit (IFU) data to analyze the galaxies NGC 4151 and NGC 1068, which have very different Eddington ratios - ˜50 times lower for NGC 4151. Together with a detailed data cube treatment methodology, we reveal remarkable similarities between both AGN, such as the detection of the walls of an “hourglass” structure for the low-velocity [Fe ii] emission with the high-velocity emission within this hourglass; a molecular outflow - detected for the first time in NGC 4151; and the fragmentation of an expanding molecular bubble into bullets of ionized gas. Such observations suggest that NGC 4151 could represent a less powerful and more compact version of the outflow seen in NGC 1068, suggesting a universal feedback mechanism acting in quite different AGN.

This article highlights the successes of the high resolution astrometric VLBI observations used for measuring proper motion of galaxies in the Local group. The required, high accuracies, often in the μ as yr−1 regime, are only attainable through the use of the phase-referencing technique. These require either a compact radio source (AGN) or strong maser emission in the target galaxy and, additionally, some compact extra-galactic radio sources (quasars) to serve as ideal background reference source. The derived proper motions can lead to lower limits on the orbital lower estimates to the mass of the host galaxy, promise a new handle on dynamical models of interacting galaxy systems and offer insights on the spatial distribution of dark matter in the near universe.

Stellar magnetic field is the driver of activity in stars and can trigger spots, energetic flares, coronal plasma ejections and ionized winds. These phenomena play a crucial role in understanding the internal mechanisms of the star, but can also have potential effects in orbiting planets. During the transit of a planet, spots can be occulted producing features imprinted in the transit light curve. Here, we modelled these features to characterize the physical properties of the spots (radius, intensity, and location). In addition, we monitor spots signatures on multiple transits to estimate magnetic cycles length of Kepler stars. Flares have also been observed during transits in active stars. We derive the properties of the flares and analyse their UV impact on possible living organisms in planets orbiting in the habitable zone.

We provide our first experience of Astronomy training as an in-service training of teachers of Science in Primary schools, and teachers of Geography, Physics and Mathematics in Secondary Schools necessitated due to lack of Astronomy specific training in their teacher training programs. The hands-on training was conducted in collaboration with the IAU Commission 46 Working Group program of Network of Astronomy Schools Education (NASE). Experiences from both face to face and virtual sessions conducted during the Covid19 period and in preparation of a major African solar eclipse, are discussed.

The spatial distribution of the dust and stars contains crucial information about the evolutionary pathways of galaxies. We present results of our study combing high-resolution ALMA and HST observations of z ∼ 2 bright sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs). We have developed a two-dimensional extinction and age correction technique to obtain accurate stellar mass distributions from HST/CANDELS. For the first time, we can directly compare the spatial distribution of assembled stellar mass and ongoing star formation on kpc scales for distant SMGs, shedding light on their highly debated formation mechanisms. We find that the dust distribution is more compact than the stellar component, regardless if the SMG lies on the main sequence or at the starburst regime. Taking the dust emission as a proxy for dust-obscured star formation, our results imply that high-redshift SMGs are experiencing centrally enhanced star formation. These findings suggests that major galaxy interactions are not necessarily the main formation channel for SMGs with secular disk formation remaining a viable option as suggested by state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. The sizes and stellar densities of our z ∼ 2 SMGs agree well with the most compact early-type galaxies in the local Universe, strongly supporting the idea that the latter systems are indeed the descendants of massive SMGs at z ∼ 2.

Optical properties of infrared-bright (IR-bright) dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) are reported. DOGs are faint in optical but very bright in mid-IR, which are powered by active star formation (SF) or active galactic nucleus (AGN), or both. The DOGs is a candidate population that are evolving from a gas-rich merger to a quasar. By combining three catalogs of optical (Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam), near-IR (VIKING), and mid-IR (ALLWISE), we have discovered 571 IR-bright DOGs. Using their spectral energy distributions, we classified the selected DOGs into the SF-dominated DOGs and the AGN-dominated DOGs. We found that the SF-dominated DOGs show a redder optical color than the AGN-dominated DOGs. Interestingly, some DOGs shows extremely blue color in optical (blue-excess DOGs: bluDOGs). A possible origin for this blue excess is either the leaked AGN light or stellar UV light from nuclear starbursts. The BluDOGs may be in the transition phase from obscured AGNs to unobscured AGNs.

Potential routes to the formation of urea were investigated using electronic structure methods. The most likely pathways involve either the reaction of the formamide and amine radicals or involve protonated isocyanic acid as a starting point.

We present spatially resolved kinematics of ionized gas in the narrow-line region (NLR) and extended narrow-line region (ENLR) in a sample of nearby active galaxies. Utilizing long-slit spectroscopy from Apache Point Observatory (APO)13s ARC 3.5 m Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) we analyzed the strong λ5007 Å [O III] emission line profiles and mapped the radial velocity distribution of gas at increasing radii from the center. We identified the extents of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) driven outflows in our sample and determined the distances at which the observed gas kinematics is being dominated by the rotation of the host galaxy. We also measured the effectiveness of radiative driving of the ionized gas using mass distribution profiles calculated with two-dimensional modeling of surface brightness profiles in our targets. Finally, we compared our kinematic results of the outflow sizes with the maximum distances at which the gas is being radiatively driven to investigate whether these outflows are capable of disrupting or evacuating the star-forming gas at these distances.

Lyman-alpha emitting (LAE) galaxies are thought to be predominantly responsible for the re-ionisation of the Universe and are, as such, one of the most studied star-forming galaxy populations. Current optical and narrow-band studies are limited by the angular resolution of the observations and the considerable investment in telescope time. Strong gravitational lensing is an extremely powerful method that can be used to overcome these limitations. In my talk I will present a study on the first homogeneous sample of 17 lensed Lyman-alpha emitters at redshift 2 < z < 3. By taking advantage of the lensing magnification, I was able to access the detailed structure of this high redshift star-forming galaxies, finding that they have radii ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 kpc and have a complex and clumpy morphology, with a median ellipticity of 0.49. This is consistent with disk-like structures of star-formation, which would rule out models where the Lyman-alpha emission is only seen perpendicular to the disk, and favours those clumpy models for the escape lines of sight for Lyman-alpha photons. We also find that the star formation rates range from 0.3 to 8.5 Mȯ/yr and that these galaxies tend to be very compact. The lower limit to their intrinsic size is about a factor of two smaller than that found for non-lensed LAEs, which highlights the power of gravitational lensing and sophisticated lens modelling techniques for resolving such objects in the high redshift Universe.

Methanol (CH3OH) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals are two species abundant in cold and dense molecular clouds which are important for the chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM). CH3OH is a well-known starting point for the formation of more complex organic molecules (COMs) in these molecular clouds. Thus, the reactivity of CH3OH in the gas-phase with OH may play a crucial role in the formation of species as complex as prebiotic molecules in the ISM and reliable rate coefficients should be used in astrochemical models describing low temperature reaction networks.

XDCPJ0044.0-2033 is one of the most massive galaxy cluster at z ∼1.6, for which a wealth of multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic data have been collected during the last years. I have reported on the properties of the galaxy members in the very central region (∼ 70kpc × 70kpc) of the cluster, derived through deep HST photometry, SINFONI and KMOS IFU spectroscopy, together with Chandra X-ray, ALMA and JVLA radio data.

In the core of the cluster, we have identified two groups of galaxies (Complex A and Complex B), seven of them confirmed to be cluster members, with signatures of ongoing merging. These galaxies show perturbed morphologies and, three of them show signs of AGN activity. In particular, two of them, located at the center of each complex, have been found to host luminous, obscured and highly accreting AGN (λ = 0.4−0.6) exhibiting broad Hα line. Moreover, a third optically obscured type-2 AGN, has been discovered through BPT diagram in Complex A. The AGN at the center of Complex B is detected in X-ray while the other two, and their companions, are spatially related to radio emission. The three AGN provide one of the closest AGN triple at z > 1 revealed so far with a minimum (maximum) projected distance of 10 kpc (40 kpc). The discovery of multiple AGN activity in a highly star-forming region associated to the crowded core of a galaxy cluster at z ∼ 1.6, suggests that these processes have a key role in shaping the nascent Brightest Cluster Galaxy, observed at the center of local clusters. According to our data, all galaxies in the core of XDCPJ0044.0-2033 could form a BCG of M* ∼ 1012Mȯ hosting a BH of 2 × 108−109Mȯ, in a time scale of the order of 2.5 Gyrs.

TUIMP is an outreach and educational project providing astronomical booklets that can be folded from one single sheet of paper. The booklets are written by professional astronomers and are intended for a broad audience. They can be downloaded for free from www.tuimp.org and used in classrooms, planetariums and in astronomy festivals. Presently they are available in 11 languages. Participation for writing new booklets or translating in any language is very welcome.

Hot Jupiters are an extraordinary class of exoplanets, orbiting their host stars with periods of hours to a few days. Some of these objects have day-side temperatures approaching photospheric temperatures of late K-type stars. I will give an overview of how we characterize the atmospheres of these fascinating objects and some the more recent exciting results to come from ground and space-based telescopes, as well as what the future holds for detailed characterization of short-period exoplanet atmospheres.

We present the physical properties of Lyα emitters (LAEs) in a “DLA-concentrated regions” where there are 3 or more DLA within (50 Mpc)3 cubic box. We observed LAEs in a DLA-concentrated region at z = 2.3, the J1230+34 field, with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. In the 50 Mpc scale, we found no deferences in properties of LAEs such as Lyα luminosity function in the DLA-concentrated region compared to other fields at similar redshift. On the other hand, we found a ∼10 Mpc scale LAE overdensity around a strong DLA with NHI = 1021.08 cm−2.

A key outstanding issue in galaxy evolution studies is how galaxies quench their star formation. I will present new results from our VLT/X-Shooter, ALMA and VLA campaign of a pilot sample of lensed quiescent massive galaxies at z > 1.5. Lensing magnification enables us to spatially resolve the stellar structure and kinematics of these compact galaxies, that are otherwise barely resolvable even with HST. Our deep X-Shooter spectra provided multiple absorption lines enabling strong constraints on their stellar populations, namely their star formation rates, ages, dispersions, and in some cases metallicities. Our complementary ALMA+VLA programme probes their molecular gas content through CO emission. All these observations provide unparalleled constraints on their quenching mechanisms. Our results indicate that quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2 (1) have short star formation timescales of a few hundred Myrs; (2) have a variety of stellar morphology from exponential disks to bulges; (3) are devoid of molecular gas; and (4) host low-luminosity active galactic nuclei which may be responsible for suppressing star formation. In addition to discussing the insights gained on quenching, I will highlight how these findings bring about new questions that can be addressed with future JWST and ALMA studies.

Broad absorption line quasars (BALs) represent an interesting yet poorly understood population of quasars showing direct evidence for feedback processes via powerful outflows. Whilst an orientation model appears sufficient in explaining the sub-population of high-ionisation BALs (HiBALs), low-ionisation BALs (LoBALs) may instead represent an evolutionary phase, in which LoBALs exist in a short-lived phase following a merger-driven starburst. Throughout this work, we test this evolutionary picture of LoBALs by comparing the FIR detection rates, SFRs and environments for a sample of 12 LoBALs to other quasar populations at 2.0 < z < 2.5, making use of archival Herschel SPIRE data. We find the LoBAL detection rate to exceed that of both HiBALs and non-BALs, indicating a potential enhancement in their SFRs. Indeed, we also find direct evidence for high SFRs (>750 Mȯyr−1) within our sample which may be consistent with an evolutionary paradigm.

In this poster is presented the development and testing of a pilot project to teach basics of astronomy to primary school students. This is a learning program that bases on the interdisciplinary nature of astronomy with amusing and playful activities. The objective of the programme is to engage children in astronomy and make them aware of the importance of the development of science and technology for society. The program has been tested a small non-government-funded school in the state of Puebla, in Mexico. Due COVID-19 lockdown the classes had to switch from face-to-face to online. Over 80% of the students that completed the course had considerably increased their knowledge of astronomy and requested to continue with the classes on the next school term.

The Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) is a state-of-the-art, thermally stabilized, fiber-fed, high-resolution spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) at Mt. Graham, Arizona. During daytime the instrument is fed with sunlight from the 10-millimeter aperture, fully automated, binocular Solar Disk-Integrated (SDI) telescope. The observed Sun-as-a-star spectra contain a multitude of photospheric and chromospheric spectral lines in the wavelength ranges 4200–4800 Å and 5300–6300 Å. One of the advantages of PEPSI is that solar spectra are recorded in the exactly same manner as nighttime targets. Thus, solar and stellar spectra can be directly compared. PEPSI/SDI recorded 116 Sun-as-a-star spectra during the 2017 August 21 solar eclipse. The observed maximum obscuration was 61.6%. The spectra were taken with a spectral resolution of ≈ 250000 and an exposure time of 0.3 s. The high-spectral resolution facilitates detecting subtle changes in the spectra while the Moon passes the solar disk. Sun-as-a-star spectra are affected by changing contributions due to limb darkening and solar differential rotation, and to a lesser extend by supergranular velocity pattern and the presence of active regions on the solar surface. The goal of this study is to investigate the temporal evolution of the chromospheric Na D doublet during the eclipse and to compare observations with synthetic line profiles computed with the state-of-the-art Bifrost code.

In Panda et al.2018a, we constructed a refined sample from the original Shen et al.(2011) QSO catalog. Based on our hypothesis — the main driver of the Quasar Main Sequence is the maximum of the accretion disk temperature (TBBB) defined by the Big Blue Bump on the Spectral Energy Distribution (Panda et al.2017; Panda et al.2018b). We select the four extreme sources that have RFeII ⩾ 4.0 and use {CIGALE (Boquien et al.2018) to fit their multi—band photometric data. We also perform detailed spectral fitting including the Fe II pseudo—continuum (based on Śniegowska et al.2018)) to estimate and compare the value of RFEII. We show the dependence of FeII strength on changing metallicity.