In the following article is described an interesting parasitic condition which is difficult to interpret. The small intestine of an Hadada, Geronticus hagedash, was brought back from the West Coast of Africa by Major T. A. Cockburn, M.D., R.A.M.C, who kindly passed it to me for further examination. The bird is a member of the family Plataleidae, living in wooded districts in West Africa in the neighbourhood of water and feeding on invertebrates, mainly annelids and small crustaceans which it finds at the bottom of ponds and streams in the mud.

In the routine examination of stray dogs in a country area near Shanghai, a large percentage were found to be infected with Dirofilaria immitis. The microfilariae were easily found in blood films stained with Leishman's or Giemsa's stain. In some cases only a moderately heavy infection was found, but in some hyper-infection was present. (See fig.)

In a flock of 20 ewes naturally infected with those parasites of sheep most common in Greece, and kept indoors during the whole trial, oxfendazole at the dose rate of approximately 2–9 and 2–8 mg/kg body-weight was tested as a 4 g bolus containing 112 mg active ingredient and a 2–265% suspension. The evaluation of its efficacy was based on the necropsy findings which were also supported by faecal egg counts. No differences in efficacy were noticed between the two formulations of the drug. Both bolus and suspension proved to be 100% effective against Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis and Chabertia ovina. The efficacy against Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus spathiger, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Moniezia expansa could not be evaluated, because these species, though not found in any of the treated animals, were found in fewer than three controls.

Cytochemical localization of the enzyme phenol oxidase in Neomurraytrema tengra has been studied. Results reveal that the enzyme reacts with substrates such as catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, dopa, doparmine, epinephrine and tyramine, but not with tyrosine and protocatechuic acid. Thus it shows activity with a wide range of phenols, aminated, mono and diphenols and also with deaminated and decarboxylated, di- and polyphenols. The maximum activity of the enzyme occurs between 40°C and 50°C with a pH optimum of 6–6.

A collection of large marine nematodes made by the Zoological Survey of Pakistan in 1959 from the Arabian Sea at Karachi revealed the presence of a new species of the genus Leptosomatum, Family Leptosomatidae. Eight females, eighteen males, and several juveniles were obtained. The species is named Leptosomatum ranjhai in honour of Dr. A. R. Ranjha, Director of the Zoological Survey of Pakistan. The following description is based on eight females and ten males. All measurements were made on specimens after clearing in lactophenol. The means for the various measurements are given in brackets.

Four new species of Strigeid Trematodes are described from Central African Birds of Prey. They are: Strigea neotidis from Neotis cafra denhami, Strigea lilensis and Strigea rhodesiensis from Pseudogyps africanus and Strigea cuncumae from Cuncuma vocifer vocifer. The relationships of these new forms to other species in the genus Strigea are discussed.

1. Chabertiella pesteri gen. and sp. nov. from the giraffe (Giraffe camelopardalis) is described.

2. Chabertia rishati Akhtar, 1937 is synonymized with Chabertia ovina (Gmelin, 1790) Railliet and Henry, 1909.

1. The structure of the head in four samples of the genus Allodapa from Madagascar birds is described and shown to represent stages in the functional deformation of the pharyngeal portions.

2. All the specimens are considered to belong to Allodapa suctoria (Molin, 1860) s.l. and are described. Their hosts are: Margaroperdix sp. Centropus toulou, Coua caerulea and C. raynandii.

3. The species of the family Subuluridae known from Madagascar hosts are discussed and it is shown that they represent a minor parasite fauna which has most probably been secondarily introduced.

4. It is reported that Subulura prosimiae Baer, 1935 is indistinguishable from Primasubulura distans (Rudolphi, 1819) and that the record of the former species given by Chabaud and Petter (1958), based only on females, is that of a Subulura species and not a Primasubulura.

5. A Subulura species is reported from Coua gigas.

For the first time a Habronematid parasite (subfamily Habronematinae) has been recorded from a fish host. The parasite has been assigned to a new species of Cyrnea (Procyrnea).

1. Echinuria leiperi n.sp. and Echinuria singhi n.sp. are described from aquatic birds. A key to the species of the genus Echinuria is provided.

2. Skrjabinoclava alii n.sp. is described from Threskiornis melanocephalus.

3. Synhimantus hyderabadensis n.sp. and Synhimantus suraiyae n.sp. are described from Centropus sinensis and Urocissa flavirostris, respectively. Their relationship with the rest of the species of the genus is discussed. Synhimantus invaginatus (Linstow, 1901) Skrjabin, 1924, is reported for the first time from India and is redescribed.

4. Aliella anhingae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Anhinga melanogaster and is compared with the related genera of the family Acuariidae.

During the course of an experiment on marine fish cultivation conducted from 1942-44 in Loch Craiglin, Argyllshire, some attention was paid to the feeding of fish as deduced from gut analyses. Most of the fish examined were flatfish and some account of their feeding has already been given (Raymont, 1947). A few round fish were also taken from time to time and a small number of these were gutted for food content.

During the examination of the eelworms assembled after washing pieces of turf by Thorne’s sieving technique (Goodey, T., 1949), which had been collected in a meadow at Winches Farm, St. Albans, several specimens of nematodes were found, both male and female, which were first identified as Tylenchorhynchus dubius (see Thorne, 1949). On closer examination of the male tail the spicules were seen not to be the proper shape. Further examination made it clear that a different species was being looked at which had several unique features, the most characteristic being the pattern of the cuticle. This, in addition to having well-defined transverse striae, had longitudinal markings such that the whole surface was divided into minute squares and gave the appearance of very delicate and exceedingly regular quilting. It is accordingly described as a new species with the name Tylenchorhynchus tessellatus.

For two years, from June, 1927, the writer held a Research Scholarship in Sanitary Science from the Grocers' Company, the terms of reference including a biological study of the fauna of sewage-treatment plants. Special attention was paid to the free-living nematodes since in mere quantity they form an important section of the fauna in many treatment units, and they have been much neglected as a group in comparison with the protozoa and bacteria.

Schistosoma rodhaini is a parasite of rodents and dogs in some parts of Africa, south of the Sahara (Schwetz, 1952; Deramée et aly 1953; Berrie & Goodman, 1962; Nelson et al.f 1962). Occasional human infections have also been reported (Haenens & Santele, 1955).

The only comprehensive study reported in the literature on the histopathology of S. rodhaini is that of Thienpont et al. (1953) in naturally infected dogs. Saoud et ah (1966) briefly described the tissue reactions in chronic heavy infections of the Kenya strain in hamsters. It has been found that the pancreas is one of the visceral organs seriously involved in schistosomiasis rodhaini of hamsters.

Yakusu lies on the North bank of the river Congo twelve miles below Stanleyville and the termination of the rapids of Stanley Falls. One of largest tributaries, the Lindi, joins the main stream just above the settlement.

100 male T.O. strain laboratory mice were divided into 4 equal groups: (I) 25 were injected intramuscularly with an antigen prepared together with Freund's adjuvant; (II) 25 injected with antigen alone; (III) 25 infected subcutaneously with 8 live plerocercoids of the same species; (IV) 25 served as controls. 4 weeks later all mice were given 6 live plerocercoids orally. The presence of acquired immunity in group III was shown by a significant reduction in the numbers, size and motility of challenge worms. The host response was greater in all the immunized groups than in the controls.

Dunnifilaria dilli, a new species of filariid from Rattus koratensis from Thailand is described. Adult worms were recovered from the lymphatic system. They differ from D. ramachandrani in their location in the host, the tail length, the shape of the spicules, and in the number of caudal papillae. Microfilariae are much smaller and unsheathed. Additional hosts include R. rattus and R. sabanus.

While examining some sections of a specimen of Inermicapsifer hyracis (Rud.), we came across an extremely interesting and, what we believe to be, a unique occurrence.