The research aims to investigate the steroid hormones level alterations among subjects with personality disorders in conditions of social isolation.

Serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured in 58 males with personality disorders (convicted of murder) and in 49 physically and mentally healthy males (convicted of property crimes) being in conditions of social isolation. The control group consisted of 30 physically and mentally healthy males. The hormone serum levels were measured by ELISA method.

In comparison with the control group the increase of cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone concentration in patients in conditions of social isolation have been observed. Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the investigated groups did not differ from the control group.

Patients with personality disorders have shown a trend toward cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone level increase as compared with physically and mentally healthy males convicted of property crimes. Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the investigated groups did not differ from the control group.

No correlations between steroid hormones levels and time spent in conditions of social isolation have been observed

Increase of cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone level is associated with criminal behavior, but also it might be a consequence of influence of the factor of social isolation.

Evaluation the patients with various psychiatric diagnoses with criminal behavior with EEG registration. Aims of investigation are as follows:

1. 1. To define the importance for the difference between the EEG changes at the patients with criminal behavior and the patients from the control group;

2. 2. To examine the relationship between the EEG findings of the patients with criminal behavior and the diagnostic entities according to ICD - 10.

In this paper we shall present a simple prospective analysis of 158 EEG investigations made on patients examined at the Psychiatric Hospital in Demir Hisar for a period of 24 months, which are with aggressive and criminal behavior.

In men normal EEG found (69.44%) prevails in relation with abnormal EEG found (30.56%). There was the significant difference between normal and abnormal EEG found and the diagnoses in hospital patients.There was the significant difference between EEG found in hospital patients and its criminal factor. The difference between the means age (37.73 god.) of patients in control group with abnormal EEG found and the mean age of patients with normal EEG found is significant. In patients (32.28%) in examiner group was registered abnormal EEG found more significant than in patients in control group(9.49%).

There was significant difference between EEG found in patients in control and examiner group. Suggested measures: More easily diagnosis providing of psychiatric disorders with aggressive and criminal behavior, with help of EEG method, and hereby would be facilitated the psychiatric expertise.

To study influence of forensic psychiatric diagnosis in case of criminal responsibility, treatment necessary and violence to court orders.

Samples were 301 inpatients of Galya Rajanagaridra Institute who were criminal offenders during year 2000-2007. Data were collected from medical records and reports of the judgments and prosecution. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic.

The study found that most of samples were single, males who aged between 21-40 years old. They were unemployed and graduated primary school. Most of them were sent by courts. Murderers were found the most. Regarding to psychiatric diagnosis, most of them were psychosis and their motivation to crime were delusion and hallucination. Moreover, psychiatrists diagnosed that 125 samples (41.5 %) were not criminally responsible, 143 samples (47.5 %) needed treatment and 42 samples (14.0 %) were stated as violence. In those cases, 5 and 22 cases (1.7 and 7.3 %) were dropped the charge by police and district attorneys, respectively. Regarding to criminal responsibility according to the section 65 of Criminal Code, courts agreed with psychiatrist's diagnosis for 49.3 %. In case of treatment order according to the section 48 and 56 of Criminal Code, courts disagreed with psychiatrist's diagnosis for 64.1 % totally.

The study showed that forensic psychiatric diagnosis, in cases of criminal responsibility, treatment necessary and violence, moderately influenced to court orders. Thus, this leads to question to develop forensic psychiatric work in the future.

We assessed 29 young persons (14-21 years old), who committed crimes according to article 156 of Criminal Code of Ukraine «Depravity of Minors».

Assessment tools: surveillance, clinical and diagnostic interview, objective psychometric scales and test methods to identify the studied trait.

Established 11 youth with developmental delay [5 with mild developmental delay - F70 (17.2%), 3 with moderate (10.3%), and 3 with severe (10.3%)], 12 with behavioral disturbances [2 - F91.0 (6.9%), 4 - F91.1 (13.8%), 5 - F91.2 (17.2%), 1 - F91.3 (3.4%)], 6 - were found to be mentally healthy (20.7%). Sexual benefit of committed crime (importance of satisfaction of sexual desire or relief of sexual arousal) confirmed only in 7 youth (24.1%). Most of them were mentally intact (5; 17.2%) and belonged to an older adolescent group (19-21 years). Remaining participants, who were developmentally delayed, called curiosity and desire of knowledge of sexual differences of another sex, as their most important motives for crime. Another group, juveniles with behavioral disturbances, cited physical humiliation or ritualistic punishment (particularly these were seen in oral-genital encounters) of their victims as rationale. In this group there were frequent cases of group rape, as opposed to first group where sexual encounters have been mostly individual. In the meantime the most deprived character of sexual relation was noted among mentally healthy minors.

None of the assessed has shown signs of diagnosis G1-G3. Diagnosis of F65.4 has been completely excluded despite the potential of some negative prognosis in future.

Study focuses on the way patients are followed-up after discharge. This aims in determining continuity of follow up and possibly gaining insight in the need of patients for readmission; also, approaching the possible influence of follow-up on patients’ admission-free time interval.

Sample consists of patients admitted in our department from August 2007 until January 2008. Telephone structured interview was used to gather information. Questions focused on patients’ present follow up state and any re-admissions in a psychiatric ward. Answers were either given directly by patients or by a member of patients’ family. For information to be representative, three calls were made to each patient on different occasions; only then was the answer considered as valid for inclusion in the study.

Of 198 patients admitted, 105 (53%) could be reached.

Of those admitted, mean value of hospitalization time was 21.38 days. Specifically, among re-admitted patients, mean time of first hospitalization was 20.52 days. Among non re-admitted ones respective value was 21.73 days; upon comparison, no statistically significant difference was found (t-test).

Out of 105 reached: 73.3% are still being followed-up, 26.6% are not; 41.55% are followed-up in our outpatient ward whilst 36.3% visit private practices. 3.8% are followed-up at community primary mental health care services. 73.3% have not been readmitted ever since discharge

The majority of patients are followed up at our department's outpatient ward. Patients followed-up at private practices are less whereas much less are followed up at primary psychiatric community care services.

The emergence of Acute Care Team has changed the delivery of services in the United Kingdom. The Acute Care Team led by a senior psychiatrist, is composed of in-patient and home treatment teams, which work in close liaison. As this is a relatively new model, the effectiveness is yet to be proven.

The study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Acute Care Team on service delivery.

The aim of the study was to determine the difference in the number of admissions and duration of hospital stay, following the inception of the model at Clatterbridge Hospital, in the Northwest region of England.

Retrospective data was obtained for a 14 month time period before and after introduction of acute care team in June 2007. All consecutive admissions to a general adult psychiatric ward were included in the study. The outcome measures were the number of admissions, average duration of hospital stay and average bed occupancy. Data was obtained from the hospital register.

There was no difference in the total number of admissions. However, the length of stay reduced significantly from 58.9 days to 14.4 days (reduction by 75%). The average bed occupancy was also reduced by 38%.

Our study suggests that the Acute Care Team is an effective system of health care delivery and can have financial implications on the organization of mental health services in the future.

The increase of immigrants in Canada has set an example for Western countries on how cultural diversity affects health, mental health, and needs. The mental health of elderly immigrants, however, is often forgotten in service delivery system.

This paper examines the socio-cultural determinants of mental health of elderly immigrants in Canada through synthesizing research findings from various studies. The presentation aims to highlight a few key intervention focuses for addressing mental health of this vulnerable immigrant subgroup.

Secondary data analysis was used, using three national surveys and a local community survey, including the Ethnic Diversity Survey, the General Social Survey, the Health and Well Being of Older Chinese in Canada, and the Health and Well Being of Older South Asian in Calgary. Mental health was presented by life satisfaction, self-reported stress, self-reported happiness, self-reported level of trust, sense of belonging, feeling out of place, worrying about hate crime, depressive symptoms, and general mental health measured by SF-36.

Socio-cultural determinants related to a higher level of social support, a higher level of trust, and better financial resources were found to be correlates of more positive mental health. Racial discrimination, culture related beliefs, and barriers often led to negative mental health outcomes.

Promoting a better mental health should expand beyond the use of individual interventions and treatments. Socio-cultural determinants have to be addressed through creating a more positive social and structural environment for the elderly immigrants.

Most students experience some level of anxiety during the exam. However, when anxiety affects exam performance it has become a problem. Test anxiety is a special form of anxiety, which is characterized with somatic, cognitive and behavioral symptoms of anxiety in situations of preparing and performing the tests and exams. Test anxiety becomes problematic when is so high that it interferes with test preparation and performance.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the presence of test anxiety in medical students and to analyze some aspects of test anxiety in medical students of different gender, different year of studying and possibility of falling the year of studying.

Study sample consisted of 198 students of Belgrade University School of Medicine of all grade years. The assessment of test anxiety was conducted by The Test Anxiety Inventory - TAI.

1. 1) Medical students generally present moderate level of test anxiety;

2. 2) female students have statistically significant more intense symptoms of test anxiety than male students;

3. 3) most intense symptoms are in III year and the least are at VI year of studies;

4. 4) there is no statistically significant difference in presence of symptoms of test anxiety between the students who repeated some year of studies and regular students.

There is considerable number of medical students who have intense symptoms of test anxiety and those students require help and support.

To establish the adherence of Assertive Outreach Service to the local protocol for the use of high dose antipsychotic (HDAT) medication. This audit cycle was started with an intention to minimise metabolic syndrome due to antipsychotic medication.

’Guidelines for the use of high dose antipsychotic (HDAT) medication’-February 2008. The following standards from the guidelines were measured from the sample:

1. 1. HDAT monitoring sheet should be completed for all HDAT patients

2. 2. ECG should be done for all HDAT patients

3. 3. Blood tests (LFTs and U&Es) should be done for all HDAT patients

4. 4. Physical examination should be done for all HDAT patients

5. 5. Consent should be obtained from all HDAT patients and filled on the monitoring sheet.

6. 6. Physical health risk factors should be filled for all HDAT patients

Out of 179 patients under the team, 17 patients were prescribed HDAT. All the data were collected from the case notes of all HDAT patients and entered into the HDAT monitoring sheets in January 2009 as a baseline assessment by Dr. Praveen Kumar and re-audited in June 2009 by Dr. Gaurav Mehta.

As evidenced by the results of audit in January 2009 and re-audit in June 2009, all the parameters were up to the standards in June 2009 except the physical examination not performed on all 17 HDAT patients as revealed inthe re-audit.

This is an analytical-descriptive study aimed at analyzing individual specifications of addicts who have gone to treatment centers of Tehran in the year 2008.

Investigation members were all addicts admitted to treatment centers of Tehran, investigation method was random sampling, investigation place was Behzisty rehabilitating drug addicts and NGOs, the number of all members was 256 and input assembling instrument was questionnaires comprising Demography and MMPI questionnaire. The results are derived from descriptive and deductive statistics and are analyzed by SPSS software.

The results demonstrate the fact that 19.1% of addicts are jobless, 38% are lessees, 2.3% are illiterate, 60.5% are single and 57.8% of them have an income of less than 2,000,000 Rials, reflecting the fact that unemployment has no relation with the tendency to addiction - Even those with high economic and educational position have a great tendency to addiction mirroring the failure of society's supporting. Based upon MMPI, the amount of exposition to danger in addicts consists of 7.81% in mania, 28.12% SC, 12.5% in paranoia, 33.98% in unsociability, 12.5% mysterious?,57.42% in depression and 22.26 in self-assumption of illness, reflecting disorder in their personality.

So, according to MPI, if the results of D, PD and SC in addicts are high and the L and K rates are low, treatment and consulting service is advised.

To evaluate the features of Frequent-Attenders (FAs) admitted to an Acute Psychiatric Unit of a general hospital in Bologna, Northern Italy.

Persons admitted between January 2008-June 2009 (N=110) were randomly selected thanks to the Hospital Information System. All participants’ admissions in the indexed period were recorded, the case-history of the first admission was reviewed gathering socio-demographic and clinical information. The International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) was used for diagnosis. FAs were defined for 3 or more admissions within 18 months (Botha et al. 2009).

Almost one out of three patients was a FA (N=34; 30.9%). The mean number of admission for each subject being 5.6±3.4 for an average length of stay of 56.2±62.1 days. In comparison to single users, FAs were more frequently men (67.6% vs. 46.1%; p=0.029), unemployed (79.4% vs. 29.2%; p< 0.001) and living in social-health facilities (29.4% vs. 9.5%; p< 0.024). FAs and common users were not different concerning compulsory/voluntary admission. Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders were predominant among FAs (44.1%), followed by Substance Use and Personality Disorders (14.7%), but no differences were detectable between cases and controls in terms of discharge diagnoses. Conversely, the prevalence of concomitant organic diseases was higher in FAs (50% vs. 27.6%; p=0.020).Finally, the results of the Logistic Regression Model estimating Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals suggested that FAs had a lower insight/compliance (2.15; 2.50-29.66; p=0.001).

FAs have a higher mental-social disability. A targeted treatment might reduce the frequency of hospitalization.

107 persons (35-65 years old) working on chemical plant.

The tables Gorbova-Shulte, techniques «Proof test» B.Burbona and «10 words», a method of colour elections by Lusher, technique «State of health - Activity - Mood», a scale of uneasiness Spilberger-Hanin, a technique «Level neurotic and psychopathyz» were used.Conclusions about conformity or discrepancy of psychophysiological features of this or that examinee to certain kind of activity became on the basis of the complex analysis of results of psychodiagnostics.

Among all examinees of infringement of psychophysiological indicators cognetive functions, emotionally-strong-willed sphere and discrepancy to standard criteria for professional adaptation are fixed at 22 people (20,6%). Among persons at whom discrepancy to standard criteria at 14 people (13,1%) is fixed it is marked истощаемость mental activity; at 22 people (20,6%) - efficiency decrease mnestic functions; at 7 people (6,6%) - high level of emotional intensity with the tendency to increase; at 8 people (7,5%) - high level of alarm; at 5 people (4,7%) - high level neurotic and psychopatization (р < 0,05).

Timely revealing of deviations cognetic and emotional indicators from standard criteria, and also timely reaction, allows to fix group of risk with high probability of erroneous actions, to prevent and essentially to lower level of professional disorganisation of activity.

56 teenagers (12-13 years old), 34 (60,7%) girls and 22 e (39,3%) boys. From them 28 pupils were eyewitnesses of emergency and 28 persons were made by control group.

Children's questionnaire of neurosises, a questionnaire depression by Back, a scale of school uneasiness.

Clinically significant indicators are fixed on scales of infringement of behaviour - 6 persons (21,4 %), dream infringements - 3 persons (10,7 %), high level of alarm - 2 persons (7,1 %). Serious posttraumatic stressful frustration and stressful reactions to psychoinjuring event it has not been revealed. Similar control inspection has been spent on the basis of two comprehensive schools, 28 pupils of 7 classes have taken part in it. Clinically significant indicators are fixed on scales: behaviour infringements - 5 persons (17,8%), dream infringements - 3 persons (10,7%), high level of alarm - 1 person (3,5%), Posttraumatic stressful frustration are not revealed. Statistically significant distinctions between indicators control and experimental groups it is not registered (p < 0,05).

During the carried out research we had been established presence of a high threshold of sensitivity to occurring violent certificates and low level of empathy at eyewitnesses on emergency. Similar reaction to situation in this case grows out of influence of features of family education, together with influences of mass-media on mentality of the child.

90 sick of psychosomatic frustration with essential hypertension (32-48 years old).

:

1. 1) MMPI,

2. 2) Ljusher’s Color test,

3. 3) Technique of diagnostics of interpersonal relations of Leary,

4. 4) statistical methods.

At 73 persons (81,1%) the internal conflict caused dissonans of type of interpersonal relations “Authoritarianism-submission”, constant struggle against accruing is hostile-aggressive feeling has been revealed, at the same time there are difficulties of self-affirmation. In 48 cases (53,3%) prevalence I octant in personal pattern positively correlates with characteristics of sthenic type of reaction according to MMPI (profiles type 469-/0) and a method of colour elections (preference of bright colour standards on the first positions, the importance of positions of 4,2 and 3 colours). At 90 persons (100%) from a surveyed contingent high points on VIII octant (11-16) have been revealed, that speaks about hyperresponsibility presence (р ≤ 0,05).

Patients received complex therapy. The psychotherapy was applied individual, group and coordination. During group psychocorrection patients have seized methods of removal of an emotional pressure, intrapersonal conflicts have been resolved, at them the relation to success and failure situations has changed. Carrying out of group trainings at this sick essential hypertension with art therapies, creative visualisation, transaction analysis, and sychorelacsation therapies, is an effective complex of methods in correction and preventive maintenance of infringements in emotionally-strong-willed sphere.

The aim of the study was to register all incidences of mechanical restraint imposed upon patients hospitalized at an Acute Psychiatric Ward during the year 2008. Associations with social and clinical characteristics of patients were explored.

The study was conducted at one of the five open Acute Wards of the Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, All incidences of mechanical restraint were recorded. For each incidence the reason, the duration, the severity and procedural aspects were documented. Socio-clinical characteristics of all patients admitted to the Ward during the year 2008 were registered and possible associations with the implementation of coercive measures were explored.

During 2008 342 admissions were made to the D’ Acute Ward % involuntary. Overall, 157 incidents of mechanical restraint were documented (106 patients; 72 male, 34 female) and the most common diagnosis was ‘psychotic disorder’ (group 1). The main reason for the implementation of the measure was the patient not to leave the clinic However, it is interesting that a highly statistical significant difference was observed in the previous history of psychiatric disease between the two groups (Mann Whitney Z=-6.650, sig< 0.001).

Twenty years after the initiation of the psychiatric reform in Greece the Psychiatric Hospitals still are the main recipient of patients with severe mental illness who are sometimes forced to be hospitalized many miles away from their place of residence. This raises their distress, leads to overcrowded under-staffed Wards and affects negatively the use of coercive measures.

A research base should be of mental health and coping strategies in families of having patient with epilepsy, in Iran.

These families are at increased risk of stress and weakened family relationship, and to identify the variables that have a negative impact on a families and possible moderating influences on them.

This research was a descriptive study on 150 families of epileptics referring to the Iranian Association of Epilepsy Selected Using a Systematic sampling. All subjects were living with the epileptic person, were at least 16, all Iranian and it was at least six month after the beginning of the family’ epileptic members’ illness. For obtaining further information, a questionnaire consisting of three parts was used. The first part indicated the demographic specifications of the patient's family, the second part showed the General Health Questionnaires (GHQ), and the third part indicated stress coping strategies carversheier- weinrub questionnaires.

According to the acquired screen in the total mental health score, the majority of the epileptic patients’ family (56/7%) were not in an appropriate mental health condition. In this report contains depression (56/7%), social functional disorder (52%) somatic signs (61/3%) and anxiety and sleep disorder (6/7%). The majority of under research units based on acquired scores of general stress coping strategies, used this strategies in a medium level.

The result is that if there is more mental health in the family of the epileptic patient, they will use stress coping strategies in more suitable level.

To study kliniko-psychopathological features at persons about a syndrome of angry intestines.

47 patients with a syndrome of angry intestines at age from 18 till 40 years Have been surveyed.

method of a colour choice - Lusher, «the Clinical questionnaire for revealing and an estimation of neurotic conditions», the Scale of jet and personal uneasiness Spilberger-Hanin; a statistical method of research.

In RDC the universal system on differentiated diagnostics of organic and functional frustration is created. By results of diagnostics «the Clinical questionnaire for revealing and an estimation of neurotic conditions» indicators on scales: “Uneasiness” - 42 persons (89,4%,) «Neurotic depression» - 29 persons (61,7%), and «Vegetative infringements» - 32 person (68,1%) (р< 0,05) clinically significant level. «A scale of jet and personal uneasiness Spilbergera-Hanina»: high level of personal uneasiness at 36 persons (76,6%.). (р < 0,05). By results of psychodiagnostics by technique Lusher high level of uneasiness at 34 people (72,3%) is diagnosed; high level of an emotional pressure within 8-11 balls at 39 people (82,9%), decrease in working capacity at 18 people (38,3%). (р < 0,05)

Revealing at the patient of psychopathological symptoms, such as the alarm, depression, phobia and high personal uneasiness at an exception of organic disease of intestines, confirm the diagnosis «a syndrome of angry intestines» that allows to appoint adequate treatment.

To compare the current standards of clinical practice with the recommendations of NICE guidelines (CG 45).

NICE guidelines (CG 45) on Antenatal and Postnatal Mental health suggest that Healthcare professionals should discuss contraception and the risks of pregnancy including relapse, risk to the foetus and risks associated with the stopping or changing medication with all women of child-bearing potential who have an existing mental disorder and or who are taking Psychotropic medication.

A standardised questionnaire was answered by 50 female patients out of 60, attending New bridge unit in Birmingham for the Outpatient appointment in the month of November -2007. The age group was between 18 and 50. The questionnaire was handed out at the reception and Doctors encouraged patients to fill out the questionnaire. Confidentiality was not compromised.

12 (24%) patients were aware of contraception. 17 (34%) knew about the risks of relapse during pregnancy. 15 (30%) women recognised the risks of stopping or changing the medication and 13 (26%) agreed that the risks to foetus were informed to them. This indicated there was room for improvement.

To improve the standards of practice

1. · The Audit report that highlighted standards, was disseminated to all the clinicians through formal power point Audit presentation and through emails.

2. · The importance of passing on the relevant information to the patients was incorporated in Doctors Handbook for Junior Doctors.