Trazodone is a Serotonin-2A Antagonist/Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI) that combines its ability as a 5/HT2A receptor antagonist with some serotonin reuptake blockade actions. Studies support its use in the treatment of behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

To evaluate the effectiveness of trazodone in behavioral symptoms and caregiver burden in elderly patients with dementia.

In 49 patients (males and females) older than 65 years with dementia (DSM-IV), trazodone was associated to the standard treatment in a single night variable dose (50–200 mg). On days 0, 14 and 42 neuropsychiatric disorders and caregiver burden (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version, NPI-NH) were assessed. On days 0 and 42 cognitive impairment was measured by the test Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was administered on the last visit. Statistical evaluation was done by SPSS 17®.

38 patients completed the study. Global score NPI-NH was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Sleep quality subscale improved significantly (p < 0.001). The MMSE was not modified. The caregiver burden showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) on each visit.

Trazodone was well tolerated (main adverse effects were: hypotension (4.1%) and somnolence (2%). Patients evolution was positive (CGI).

Results of this study suggest that trazodone is an effective treatment for behavioral symptoms of dementia. Trazodone reduces caregiver burden without modifying the patient’s cognitive function.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted the day-to-day life of university students, as it has for the general population. University students have been reported to have high rates of mental health concerns, including suicidal ideation.

Ascertaining the correlation of Covid-19 dissemination and proximity to University students in Vancouver, Canada, with suicidal ideation and suicidal plan.

We analyuzed weekly cross-sectional data from our Canadian World Mental Health International College Student survey by plotting the 30-day suicide ideation as a binary and the ordered 30-day suicide ideation outcomes using logistic and ordered generalized additive model (GAM) respectively, with a cubic spline and adjusting for demographics. We also ran an analysis on the association between binary 30-day ideation and different sample characteristics using logistic regression.

The time trend analysis showed that suicidal ideation did not seem to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, ideation levels were found to be high in the beginning (February 2020) with a downwards trend through June to September before gradually increasing around November, 2020. We identified sociodemographic risk factors that may be associated with suicidal ideation, and established that those most at risk were students who had been emotionally overwhelmed by Covid-19 and unable to find help.

Our results seem to indicate that, in general, students have remained resilient under the stress factors presented by the pandemic, and that trends in suicidality seem to follow seasonal or school calendar year stressors rather than respond to the pandemic. However, certain subpopulations appear to be more affected than others.

No significant relationships.

Endocannabinoid system has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians. The association between endocannabinoids and its congeners and mood disorders is relatively recent. However, evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies is increasing and many researchers point out endocannabinoid system and particularly endocannabinoids and congeners as promising pharmacological targets.

The main objective of this study is to compare the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners between a sample of patients with depression and a sample of control subjects, and the influence of variables such as age, body mass index, gender, severity of symptoms, and antidepressant medication.

Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners will be analyzed in 69 patients with depression from primary care and 47 controls using mass spectrometry analysis.

Statistically significant differences in 2-arachidonoylglycerol and monoacylglycerols were found between both samples. Somatic symptoms of depression seems to be more related to these compounds that to cognitive-affective symptoms. In addition, differences between mildly and moderately depressed patients were found in concentrations of AEA, LEA, DGLEA and POEA. Patients with antidepressant medication showed higher levels of 2-AG, DGLEA and OEA.

The results of this study provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that in depression there is a dysregulation of the inflammatory signaling and, consequently the immune system. The results of this study could also support the realization of translational research to better understand the mechanisms of this widely distributed system.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychological distress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can manifest itself in interpretations of what is happening.

To analyze response to COVID-19 pandemic in people with high level of esoteric thinking.

Internet survey 23.03.20-29.01.21 (N=621); Constructive Thinking Inventory(CTI); SCL-90R. It was proposed to assess statements: “The authorities are hiding the true scale of the coronavirus pandemic”, “Coronavirus is the result of biological weapons development”, “Coronavirus is a punishment or a sign sent to people from above”, “The emergence of the coronavirus is the Earth’s response to its pollution”. It was offered to express an opinion about pandemic. The answers were coded on the basis of qualitative semantic analysis.

The growth of “esoteric thinking” was revealed (Std.J-T, p=.025). With a high level of esoteric thinking, emotional statements (“fear, anxiety, panic”) are more common (27.8% versus 16.9% for group with high and low level of «esoteric thinking»). Correlations of the level of «esoteric thinking» with level of depression (Spearman’s correlation ,085*), anxiety (,097*), GSI (,130**), «fears for the life» (23.4% versus 14.5%) show high emotional distress. With an increase in the level of «esoteric thinking», belief in various conspiracy theories increases; Spearman’s correlation ,370** with the belief is biological weapons, punishment for sins (,355**), belief in concealing information about the pandemic (,167**).

A high level of esoteric thinking is associated with an increased emotional response to the pandemic and with belief in conspiracy theories, and can increase emotional instability by itself also making constructive decisions difficult in situations related to protecting personal health and safety.

No significant relationships.

The evolution of various pharmacological therapies for schizophrenia has given rise to several pharmacological models for the neuroreceptor targets of antipsychotics and the influence of various neuroreceptors on specific symptoms and side effects.

Experience in clinical practice affirms clozapine's position as the treatment of choice for patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Unlike clozapine, risperidone has a more targeted profile of neurotransmitter binding, with particular predilection for dopamine and serotonin receptors. Risperidone is, to date, the most extensively documented clozapine augmentation agent.

The aim was to evaluate clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of augmenting clozapine with risperidone in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week trial, 10 patients unresponsive or partially responsive to 300 mg/day of clozapine monotherapy (n = 5) received a steady dose of 450 mg/day clozapine combined with or up to 4 mg/day of risperidone (n = 5). Patient psychopathology was assessed at 2-week intervals with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement scale.

From baseline to week 4 and week 8, mean BPRS total and positive symptom subscale scores were reduced significantly in both groups, but the reductions were significantly greater with clozapine/risperidone treatment. Reductions in SANS scores were also significantly greater with clozapine/risperidone treatment than with clozapine monotherapy group. Clozapine/risperidone treatment did not induce additional weight gain or agranulocytosis compared with clozapine monotherapy treatment.

Clozapine augmentation with risperidone appears to be well tolerated, safe and may provide additional clinical benefit for patients who are nonresponsive or only partially responsive to clozapine alone.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

This paper examines the similarities and differences between academic stress and emotion regulation and investigates that the association between emotion regulation and academic stress may be explained the level of academic success among female students.

This research suggests that students vary in their ability to regulate emotions and cope with academic stress, and these abilities may differ across the level of student's academic success. Identifying the academic stress and quality of emotion regulation strategies will lead to practical implications for promoting student's with low or high academic success.

The present study aims to compare academic stress and emotion regulation in the female students with high and low academic performance.

A total of 162 high school students (mean age = 15.26) were selected by cluster random sampling method. They were categorized as students with high (87 students) and low (75 students) academic performance by average of their academic performance. Emotion regulation questionnaire, educational stress scale for adolescents and academic performance were administered. One-way MANOVA was conducted on academic stress and emotion regulation.

The results of analysis were significant only for emotion regulation, F (5, 156) = 5.34, P = .001. Mean score of students with low academic performance in the emotion regulation was significantly lower than students with high academic performance.

The extent to which variation in emotion regulation and coping with stress can be considered as a key factor of academic failure/success in educational settings.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Remission and recovery rates for people who have had a first episode psychosis (FEP) remain uncertain.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess pooled prevalence rates of remission and recovery in FEP in longitudinal studies and conducted meta regression analyses to investigate potential moderators.

A systematic literature search of major electronic databases without language restrictions was conducted from database inception until July 1, 2016. Longitudinal studies with follow up greater than 1 year reporting data on remission or recovery rates in FEP were included.

Seventy-nine studies were included representing 19,072 FEP patients (mean age = 26.9 years, male = 59.5%). The pooled rate of remission among 12,301 individuals with FEP was 57.9% (95%CI: 52.7–62.9, Q = 1536.3, P< 0.001, n = 60 studies, mean follow up = 5.5 years). Restricting the analysis to studies, which used the remission in schizophrenia working group (RSWG) criteria (n = 25 studies, n = 6909 patients), the pooled remission rate was 56.9% (95%CI: 48.9–64.5, Q = 656.9). Higher remission rates were moderated by studies from more recent years. The pooled prevalence of recovery among 9642 individuals with FEP was 37.9% (95%CI: 30.0–46.5, Q = 1450.8, studies = 35, P = 0.006, average follow up = 7.2 years). Recovery rates were higher (P< 0.05) in North America compared to other regions.

Our data suggest that remission and recovery rates in FEP may be more favorable than previously thought. We observed stability of recovery rates after the first two years, suggesting that a progressive deteriorating course of illness is not typical. While remission rates have improved over time, recovery rates have not, raising questions about the effectiveness of specialist early intervention services in achieving improved recovery.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Valproic acid is a psychotropic drug used for several years, due to its properties as a mood stabilizer, being considered as first-line treatment for bipolar disorder. In addition to its teratogenic potential, which prevents its recommendation for the treatment of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age, valproic acid is associated with some side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, alopecia, weight gain, tremor or hepatotoxicity. Hyperammonemia is a side effect that is little described, but relatively frequent, and may progress to variable encephalopathy.

The authors describe a clinical case of a 48-year-old female patient, hospitalized due to a manic episode, who was prescribed valproic acid, in association with lorazepam and olanzapine.

After three days on a dose of 1000mg of valproic acid, the patient began an acute condition of confusion, psychomotor retardation, temporal-spatial disorientation and ataxia. Infection, electrolyte disturbance and acute cerebral event were excluded. Noteworthy only hyperammonemia. Valproic acid was withdrawn and replaced by lithium, with the patient recovering from the confusional state two days later.

Hyperamonemic encephalopathy secondary to valproic acid was concluded. The mechanisms of valproic acid-linked hyperammonemia are not clear, although it appears to be independent of hepatotoxicity. The most studied hypotheses are related to glutamine reabsorption and serum levels carnitine in patients medicated with valproic acid.

It is essential that there is a high level of suspicion in clinicians for this secondary effect of valproic acid, in order to adequately treat the patient who presents with acute confusional conditions, not explained by other complications.

No significant relationships.

NMS is an infrequent, life-threatening neurologic emergency usually associated with the use of neuroleptics and some other agents that affect central dopaminergic neurotransmission. Because of its low frequency, heterogeneous nature and clinical variability it might be difficult to diagnose.

To identify risk factors to develop a NMS and to set effective treatments.

Literature search was performed in PubMed and UpToDate. Report of a case at our center: 69 year old man with psychotic depression which do not improve with optimal doses of SSRIs, Mirtazapine and Benzodiazepines. Olanzapine (10mg) was added and symptoms compatible with a neuroleptic malignant syndrome were appeared. Supportive care was needed because of medical complications. A treatment with bromocriptine, sertraline, lorazepam and dantrolene was begun with little improvement. It was decided to begin ECT.

It was applied a ECT therapy (12 bifrontotemporal sessions, 380mCu) with a high and effective response. Pshycosis and pshycomotor symptoms disappeared and depression decreased significantly.

Hence a high index of suspicion is needed in the diagnosis of NMS in order to reduce mortality and secuelae. Differential diagnosis must be performed with confusional states due to medical cause, catatonia, serotoninergic syndrome and other neurologic states. As for the treatment, general support meassures and several farmacologic options have been used, though none of them have proved to decrease mortality. ECT remains a good option for improvement of the syndrome as well as the pychiatric condition. No systematic clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of different treatments have been done so far.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has high rates of comorbidity with mood disorders, mainly major depressive disorder (MDD). Symptoms of depression are usually secondary to severe and disabling OCD. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been an effective and well tolerated therapeutic alternative in the management of refractory MDD. Other neuromodulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), have well known efficacy in MDD and also have shown positive results, in clinical trials, treating other psychiatric disorders such as OCD.

To determine the efficacy of combining rTMS, ECT and clomipramine in the treatment of severe OCD with comorbid severe MDD.

The authors report a case of a 54-year-old male patient diagnosed with severe OCD for 23 years. He has been submitted to several drug treatments and intensive cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) always with poor response. The patient was admitted in the beginning of 2016 in our inpatient unit. Besides continuing drug treatment (clomipramine IV) and CBT, he was submitted to 12 ECT sessions during one month (3 sessions per week) and to daily sessions of rTMS during the following month.

Outcome measures were obtained using Y-BOCS for OCD and HAM-D for depression.

Our patient responded to ECT with mood improvement after session 4 to full euthymic state at the final session. He also responded well to rTMS with Y-BOCS score reduction.

Combined ECT and rTMS treatment with clomipramine IV and CBT was effective in our patient with a severe form of both disorders (OCD and MDD).

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Daydreaming is a normal, very common experience in childhood and adulthood. However, a new phenomenon – termed ‘Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD)’ – which takes daydreaming to an extreme form, is currently being investigated. Maladaptive Daydreaming is not listed as an official disorder in the ICD-10 or DSM-5 presently.

To review current literature on MD and explore whether MD could be acknowledged and classified as a real psychiatric disorder.

Data gathered via academic papers found through reliable sites, such as, Ovid, PubMed and Cochrane; through articles, videos and online forums to gather patients’ perspectives.

There is enough information and literature available to create specific criteria to qualify a diagnosis of MD in patients. Possible aetiologies of Maladaptive Daydreaming have been identified. There has also been exploration into treatment options.

There is sufficient evidence for Maladaptive Daydreaming to be classified as an official disorder. Being included in the ICD-10 and DSM-5 would motivate research, expand identification of this disorder in patients, and advance access to help and support for patients.

No significant relationships.

There is a notion that emotional expression is universal, yet it is subject to cultural variations. Research in this field has studied cultural extremes in European, American and East Asian cultures. However, very little is known about the differences in emotional expression in the Arab subcultures.

Exploring the differences between the emotional reactions among the nine Arab subcultures.

Aims (1) Examining the cultural differences in emotional reactions; (2) examining the differences between Muslim and non-Muslim individuals; (3) exploring the differences between Arabs and non-Arabs.

Several real life scenarios including 15 different stressful situations and 15 non-stressful situations were presented to 40 individuals from the nine Arab subcultures. The participants were aged between 18 to 40 years of age. The subjects were randomly classified into groups depending on whether they were Arabs or non-Arabs and according to whether they were Muslims or non-Muslims. The subjects’ emotional reactions were measured by means of Likert-like items.

The results showed that there were no significant differences among the nine Arab subcultures in their emotional reactions to the non-stressful situations. However, there were significant differences among the Arab subcultures in the stressful situations. Moreover, both religion and ethics were strong predictors of the differences in the emotional reactions that varied between subjects in their cultural group. The Arab Muslims tended to express more anger but the Arab non-Muslims expressed more sadness.

Emotional expression is impacted by ones’ cultural background and is particularly influenced by religion and ethics. Although Arab countries share the same language, they express emotions differently.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Online clinical trial is an emergent design that could be of particular interest in problem gamblers, due to poor access to health care system. Online gamblers could benefit from non face-to-face therapy. Our study is the first exclusively online randomized controlled trial among problem gamblers with a naturalistic recruitment in their gambling environment.

This randomized clinical trialassessed the efficacy of 3 internet-based brief interventions on problem poker gamblers compared to a control group at 6 and 12 weeks.

All poker gamblers who have started a poker session on Winamax site, on Day-1 during the inclusion period were screened; subjects could be included only once. Subjects could be included if they obtained minimum scores of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index – Problem Gambling Severity (CPGI-PGSI) ≥5. 1109 Subjects were randomized in 4 groups: (1) Control= waiting list, n=264; (2) email with personal normative information, n= 288; (3) self-help program to be downloaded, based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing(MI), n= 259; (4) same program of CBT and MI dispensed weekly by email contacts with a psychologist, n= 298. Subjects were followed and gambling behavior was assessed at the end of the program at 6 weeks and after a maintenance phase at 12 weeks. The main judgment criterion was change in CPGI-PGSI at 6 weeks.

High dropout rate occurred on the CPGI-PGSI and was higher in groups 3 and 4. Mean CPGI-PGSI scores decrease in all the 4 groups. No significant difference could be shown between the 3 intervention groups vs control group in any of the measured outcomes (no missing data due to automatic collection by the operator except for CPGI).

In non-treatment –seekers problematic poker gamblers, inclusion process in a clinical trial could be equivalent to 'prompt commitment there and then”, which is a recognized brief, and therefore have a therapeutic effect. This could explain that no difference could be shown between the groups. High dropout rate could be explained by the non-treatment-seeking status, but also by poor acceptability of therapeutic interventions requiring high personnel investment in this population.

To assess the level of emotional burn-out (EB) and its relation to affective state and personality characteristics of medical doctors in the region of Moscow.

A random sample of 80 medical doctors (MD) (mainly internists, aged 25 - 72, M/F 6/74) was given Boyko's Emotional Burn-out Test (BEBT), Spilberger's State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung depression scale (ZDS), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Job's Satisfaction Scale (JSS), Professional Attitudes/Locus of Control Scale and Specialty knowledge Test (SKT).

EB was present in 34/80 (42.5%) MD, with no difference between hospital and ambulatory doctors and no correlation with age, years in profession, SKT score, professional locus of control and attitudes towards patients' autonomy. It increased with the number of patients seen monthly (r=0.25, p<0.05) and was inversely related to JSS score (r= -0.47, p<0.001). MD's with EB, compared to those without, scored higher on state (33.5±10.5[32] vs. 26.9±9.0[25], p=0.004) and trait anxiety (52.4±10.6[52] vs. 43.1±8.4[45], p<0.001) and ZDI (37.9±7.6[39] vs. 33.4±6.7[32], p=0.008), respectively. MD's with EB scored significantly higher on MMPI scales Depression, Paranoia and Social Introversion and significantly lower on Masculinity.

EB, affecting a large proportion of MD's in the Moscow region, is only weakly linked to workload, if at all. It is associated with depressive/anxious affect and personality traits, such as more rigid thinking and low confidence with others, sensitivity and vulnerability, decreased ability/willingness to communicate. If some of these traits predispose to EB or represent various types of reaction to EB, remains to be assessed prospectively.

To assess the efficacy of an innovate telemedicine psyeducational treatment (TPT) based on a psychoeducational intervention (21 sessions) with an additional support through telemedicine which has 12 videos versus treatment as usual (TAU) based on psychiatry reviews. Specifically, the objective was to evaluate patients’ efficacy of psyeducational treatment with telemedicine (TPT) in the fuctionalitity, depressive symptoms and manic symptoms.

Thirty-eight patients with bipolar disorder were included in the study and randomly distributed in the two groups. The telemedine treatment is performed through a www.puedoser.es web platform provided by Astra Zeneca. In the web platform is available forums, emails and digital-course with the sessions worked as a reminder. In order to assess the effectiveness of treatments, FAST scale was administered at baseline and 6 months after the intervention. To obtain the results we used coparative data analysis.

In patients, we found a low daily functionality. The main issues were: interpersonal cognitive area (t = –2.611; P = 0.014) and interpersonal-area (t = –2.617; P = 0.014). We found, at baseline, that TPT group had worse overall results in daily functionality (t = –2.876; P = 0.008). After intervention, there is an improvement in the daily functionality of the TPT group. This improvement occurred in cognitive area (z = –3.24; P < 0.001), leisure area (z = –1.85; P = 0.065) and interpersonal area (z = –1.72; P = 0.086).

The psychoeducational program combined with telemedicine shows to be more effective than TAU in the improvement of general patient functioning in bipolar disorder patients.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Hyper-sexuality is an increased sexual activity that causes stress the individual at social levels. There are studies that support the theory that neurophysiological abnormalities of individuals appear in this disorder and do not overlap with the alterations found in substance addictions. However, it is doubtful whether addiction to other substances can trigger behavior in the sexual sphere.

To report a case of abuse of alcohol as a trigger relapse in terms of sexual alterations in a patient diagnosed with alcohol abuse, stimulants dependence and hyper-sexuality.

Here we report a married gentleman in the fourth decade of his life that presents behavior and sexual activity level compatible with a case of hyper-sexuality. After conducting motivational interviews with the psychologist to aim a sustained abstinence of amphetamines and a lack of alterations on the sexual sphere, the patient achieved clinical stability over several years. However, it is referred for psychiatric consultation as he presented recently abusive alcohol consumption associated with Speed. He relapsed in the sexual sphere by increasing sexual desire and impulsiveness. It was decided to prescribe oral nalmefene (1 tablet daily) for two months and then stop treatment regularly (taken PRN in case of high risk situations). As a result, he has had sustained remission for over 6 months.

Although, there are studies suggesting that neurobiological changes among the pathologies described are different, the treatment of alcohol abuse can be beneficial in other diseases such as hyper-sexuality as disinhibition associated with alcohol intoxication.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Recent studies have underlined the importance of considering the form of thoughts, beyond their content, in order to achieve a better phenomenological comprehension of mental states in mood disorders. The subjective experience of thought overactivation is an important feature of mood disorders that could help in identifying, among patients with a depressive episode, those who belong to the bipolar spectrum.

Patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) were compared with matched healthy controls (HC) on a scale that evaluates thought overactivation.

Validate the Italian version of a scale for thought overactivation (i.e. STOQ) in a sample of bipolar patients.

Thirty euthymic BD and 30 HC completed the Subjective Thought Overactivation Questionnaire (STOQ), the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and global functioning (VGF).

The 9-items version of the STOQ has been back translated and its internal consistency in this sample was satisfactory (alpha = .91). Both the brooding subscore of RRS (b-RRS) (r = .706; P < .001) and STOQ (r = .664; P < .001) correlate significantly with depressive symptoms whereas only the first correlate with VGF (r = –.801; P < .001). The two groups did not differed in the b-RRS (HC = 8.41 vs BD = 9.72; P = .21), whereas BD where significantly higher in the STOQ total score (HC = 6.62 vs. BD = 14.9; P = .007).

Our results, although limited by the small sample size, confirm the validity of the STOQ and suggest that this scale could grasp a feature characteristic of BD, independently from their tendency to ruminate. The latter seems to impact more on global functioning.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

To examine the effects of support interventions on anxiety, depression in women hospitalized with preterm labour at admission and 2 weeks.

Hospitalized pregnant women with preterm labour have significantly higher anxiety and depression levels. Few studies have explored the effects of support interventions on anxiety, depression in such women.

A randomized, single-blind experimental design was used. The control group (n = 103) and intervention group (n = 140) were recruited from the maternity wards of one medical centre in northern Taiwan between January 2013 and April 2015. The control group received routine nursing care. The experimental group received support interventions, which included an interview, distraction methods and assistance with daily living needs. Groups were evaluated with the Beck anxiety inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and at admission and 2 weeks of hospitalization.

There were no significant differences between groups for demographics, obstetric characteristics, or birth outcomes. For the control group, anxiety and depression scores increased significantly decreased 2 weeks after hospitalization. The intervention group had a small, but significant, increase in anxiety and no significant change in depression at 2 weeks. Participants who received 2 weeks of support intervention had significantly lower anxiety and depression scores than the control group.

Providing interventional support could reduce anxiety and depression for women with preterm labour during hospitalization.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.