Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:47:03.500Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

XXV.—The Anatomy of a Fœtal African Elephant, Elephas africanus (Loxodonta africana). Part II. The Body Muscles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Nellie B. Eales
Nellie B. Eales
Affiliation:
Lecturer in Zoology in theUniversity of Reading.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. LIV, Part III, No. 11, 1926, the author published an account of the anatomy of the head of an African Elephant fœtus, 21 cms. in length. The present paper deals with the voluntary muscles (except those already described) of the same fœtus. The author intends to prepare later an account of the skeleton and internal organs, so that a complete description of the anatomy of this rare specimen will be available.

The section which treats of the head will henceforward be referred to as Part I; the present paper, therefore, becomes Part II.

The body muscles were investigated under the Zeiss Binocular Dissecting Microscope, and the work was facilitated by rapid staining with a weak solution of saffranin. Owing to long preservation, the muscles, nerves, and blood-vessels of the specimen were quite colourless. The saffranin gave a certain amount of differentiation which lasted for several hours, and the advantage of the method is that the colour disappears entirely when the specimen is put back into the store jar between one working period and the next.

Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , 1928 , pp. 609 - 642
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1928

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

1.Bardeleben, C. “über die Hand und Fussmuskeln der Säugethiere, besonders die des Præpollex (Præhallux) und Postminimus.” Anat. Anz. v. Jhg. 1890, p. 435.Google Scholar
2.Bradley, O. Charnock. “A Guide to the Dissection of the Dog,” London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Bradley, O. Charnock. “The Topographical Anatomy of the Limbs of the Horse,” Edinburgh, 1920.Google Scholar
4.Burne, R. H. “Flexor carpi radialis of the Elephant.” Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xxxvii, N.S. 17, part i, July 1902, p. lxii.Google Scholar
5.Camper, P. “Déscription anatomique d'un Elephant mâle,” Paris, 1803. (Posthumous reprint of Dutch account, published in 1774.)Google Scholar
6.Chauveau, A. “The Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals.” Second English edition, London, 1891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Clark, W. LE Gros. “The Myology of the Tree Shrew, Tupaia minor. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., part ii, 1924, p. 461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Cunningham, D. J. “Challenger Reports,” vol. v, part 16. “Report on the Marsupialia,” 1882, p. 104. (Contains an account of the plantar muscles of the Elephant foot.)Google Scholar
9.Cuvier, et Laurillard, . “Recueil de Planches de Myologie,” tome 3, 1805, pls. 271–295. (Elephant.)Google Scholar
10.Eales, N. B. “External Features, Skin, and Temporal Gland of a Fœtal African Elephant.” Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., part ii, 1925, pp. 445–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Eales, N. B. “The Anatomy of the Head of a Fœtal African Elephant, Elephas africanus (Loxodonta africana).” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. liv, part iii, No. 11, 1926, pp. 491–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Eales, N. B. “Einige Anmerkungen über die Monographie von Boas und Paulli, ‘The Elephant's Head,’ part ii, Jena, 1925.” Anat. Anz., 61 Bd., 1926, pp. 361–364.Google Scholar
13.Flower, and Lydekker, . “An Introduction to the Study of Mammals, Living and Extinct,” London, A. & C. Black, 1891.Google Scholar
14.Galton, J. C. “Note on the Epitrochleo-anconeus or Anconeus Sextus (Gruber).” Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. ix, 1874, p. 169.Google Scholar
15.Goodsir, J. “Notes on the Myology of the Elephant.” Appendix to Anatomical Memoirs, vol. i, Edinburgh, 1868, p. 446.Google Scholar
16.Gruber, W. “über den Musculus epitrochleo-anconeus des Menschen und der Säugethiere.” Mem. de l'Acad. des Sci. de St Pétersbourg, 7th ser., tome 10, No. 5, 1865.Google Scholar
17.Howell, A. B. “Anatomy of the Wood-Rat,” Baltimore, 1926.Google Scholar
18.Hunter, R. “The Extensor Muscles of the Hinder Foot in Mammals.” Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., part ii, 1925, p. 457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Leche, W.Bronn's Thierreich, Bd. 6, Abth. 5, 1892. Art., “Säugethiere.”Google Scholar
20.Macalister, A. “Introduction to the Systematic Zoology and Morphology of Vertebrate Animals,” Dublin University Press, 1875, p. 283.Google Scholar
21.Mayer, C. “Beiträge zur Anatomie des Elephanten und der übrigen Pachydermen.” Nova Acta Phys. Med. Akad. Leop. Carol. Halle, vol. xx, 1847, p. 746, and vol. xxii, p. 1.Google Scholar
22.M'Fadyean, J. “The Anatomy of the Horse,” Edinburgh and London. First edition, 1884.Google Scholar
23.Miall, and Greenwood, . “Anatomy of the Indian Elephant,” London, 1878.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Parsons, F. G. “On the Obturator Tertius Muscle in Ungulates.” Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xxxvii, N.S. 17, 1903, p. xli.Google Scholar
25.Rolleston, G. “On the Homologies of Certain Muscles connected with the Shoulder Joint.” Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxxi, 3, 1869, p. 609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Ruge, G. “Untersuchungen über die Extensorgruppe am Unterschenkel und Fuss des Menschen und der Säugethiere.” Morph. Jahrb., Bd. 4, 1878, p. 592.Google Scholar
27.Schück, A. “Beiträge zur Myologie der Primaten, 1.” Morph. Jahrb., Bd. 45, 1912 (13), p. 267.Google Scholar
28.Schück, A. “Beiträge zur Myologie der Primaten, 2.” Morph. Jahrb., Bd. 47, 1913, p. 355.Google Scholar
29.Sisson, S. “The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals,” W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Second edition, 1914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Sonntag, C. F. “The Morphology and Evolution of the Apes and Man,” London, John Bale, Sons, & Danielsson, 1924.Google Scholar
31.Virchow, H. “über die sagittal-flexorische Bewegung im Hinterhaupt-gelenk des Elefanten.” Sitz. Ber. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin, 1910, pp. 77–87 and 131–135.Google Scholar
32.Wilder, Burt. “The Pectoral Muscles of Mammalia.” Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., August 1873, p. 307.Google Scholar
33.Windle, B. C. A. “The Pectoral Group of Muscles.” Trans. Irish Acad., vol. xxix, part xii, 1889, p. 345.Google Scholar
34.Windle, B., and Parsons, F. G. “On the Muscles of the Ungulata.” Part i. Head, Neck, and Fore-Limbs. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Windle, B., and Parsons, F. G. “On the Muscles of the Ungulata. Part ii.” Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1903, p. 261.Google Scholar
36.Wood, J. “On Human Muscular Variations and their Relation to Comparative Anatomy: The Comparative Anatomy of the Muscles of the Shoulder.” Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. i, November 1866, p. 44.Google Scholar
37.Wood, J. “On a Group of Varieties of the Muscles of the Human Neck, Shoulder, and Chest, with their Traditional Forms and Homologies in the Mammalia.” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., vol. clx, part i, 1870, p. 83.Google Scholar