Kac introduced the notion of the canonical decomposition for a dimension vector of a quiver. Here we will give an efficient algorithm to compute the canonical decomposition. Our study of the canonical decomposition for quivers with three vertices gives us fractal-like pictures.

Kottwitz conjectured a formula for the (semi-simple) trace of Frobenius on the nearby cycles for the local model of a Shimura variety with Iwahori-type level structure. In this paper, we prove his conjecture in the linear and symplectic cases by adapting an argument of Gaitsgory, who proved an analogous theorem in the equal characteristic case.

We remove the assumption ‘p≠ 2 or k is totally imaginary’ from several well-known theorems on Galois groups with restricted ramification of number fields. For example, we show that the Galois group of the maximal extension of a number field k which is unramified outside 2 has finite cohomological 2-dimension (also if k has real places).

In an earlier work, the authors described a mechanism for lifting monomial ideals to reduced unions of linear varieties. When the monomial ideal is Cohen–Macaulay (including Artinian), the corresponding union of linear varieties is arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay. The first main result of this paper is that if the monomial ideal is Artinian then the corresponding union is in the Gorenstein linkage class of a complete intersection (glicci). This technique has some interesting consequences. For instance, given any (d + 1)-times differentiable O-sequence H, there is a nondegenerate arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay reduced union of linear varieties with Hilbert function H which is glicci. In other words, any Hilbert function that occurs for arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay schemes in fact occurs among the glicci schemes. This is not true for licci schemes. Modifying our technique, the second main result is that any Cohen–Macaulay Borel-fixed monomial ideal is glicci. As a consequence, all arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay subschemes of projective space are glicci up to flat deformation.

Let π : X [xlarr ] Y be a good quotient of a smooth variety X by a reductive algebraic group G and 1[les ]k≤ dim (Y) an integer. We prove that if, locally, any invariant horizontal differential k-form on X (resp. any regular differential k-form on Y) is a Kähler differential form on Y then codim(Ysing)>k+1. We also prove that the dualizing sheaf on Y is the sheaf of invariant horizontal dim(Y)-forms.

We define a set of ‘cell modules’ for the extended affine Hecke algebra of type A which are parametrised by $SL_n({\open C})$-conjugacy classes of pairs (s, N), where $s\in SL_n({\open C})$ is semisimple and N is a nilpotent element of the Lie algebra which has at most two Jordan blocks and satisfies Ad(s)·N=q2 N. When q2≠−1, each of these has irreducible head, and the irreducible representations of the affine Hecke algebra so obtained are precisely those which factor through its Temperley–Lieb quotient. When q2=−1, the above remarks apply to a subset of the cell modules. Using our work on the cellular nature of those quotients, we are able to obtain complete information on the decomposition of the cell modules in all cases, even when q is a root of unity. They turn out to be multiplicity free, and the composition factors may be precisely described in terms of a partial order on the pairs (s, N). These results give explicit formulae for the dimensions of the irreducibles. Assuming our modules are identified with the ‘standard modules’ earlier defined by Bernstein–Zelevinski, Kazhdan–Lusztig and others, our results may be interpreted as the determination of certain Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials. [This has now been proved and will appear in a subsequent work of the authors.]

We consider an embedded modular curve in a locally symmetric space M attached to an orthogonal group of signature (p, 2) and associate to it a nonholomorphic elliptic modular form by integrating a certain theta function over the modular curve. We compute the Fourier expansion and identify the generating series of the (suitably defined) intersection numbers of the Heegner divisors in M with the modular curve as the holomorphic part of the modular form. This recovers and generalizes parts of work of Hirzebruch and Zagier.

Monodromy groups, i.e. the groups of isometries of the intersection lattice LX [colone] H2/torsion generated by the monodromy action of all deformation families of a given surface, have been computed by the author for any minimal elliptic surface with pg > q = 0. New and refined methods are now employed to address the cases of minimal elliptic surfaces with pg [ges ] q > 0. Thereby we get explicit families such that any isometry is in the group generated by their monodromies or does not respect the invariance of the canonical class or the spinor norm. The monodromy is also shown to act by the full symplectic group on the first homology modulo torsion.

This paper analyzes the space HomH(π, 1), where π is an irreducible, tame supercuspidal representation of GL(n) over a p-adic field and H is a unitary group in n variables contained in GL(n). It is shown that this space of linear forms has dimension at most one. The representations π which admit nonzero H-invariant linear forms are characterized in several ways, for example, as the irreducible, tame supercuspidal representations which are quadratic base change lifts.

We derive lower bounds for the rank of Picard groups of modular varieties associated with natural congruence subgroups of the orthogonal group of an even lattice of signature (2, l). As an example we consider the Siegel modular group of genus 2. The analytic part of this paper also leads to certain class number identities.

After establishing some important results on the usual height of projective varieties in positive characteristic, we construct a normalized height for subvarieties of products of Drinfeld modules and investigate its properties. In case the Drinfeld modules are pairwise isogeneous, we obtain in particular that the normalized height vanishes exactly on torsion varieties, that is on translates of sub-T-modules by torsion points.

We give an explicit Dirichlet series for the generating function of the discriminants of quartic dihedral extensions of $\open Q$. From this series we deduce an asymptotic formula for the number of isomorphism classes of such quartic extensions with discriminant up to a given bound. On the other hand, by using essentially classical results of genus theory combined with elementary analytical methods such as the method of the hyperbola, we show how to compute exactly this number up to quite large bounds, and we give a table of selected values.

We deal with a divisorial contraction in dimension three which contracts its exceptional divisor to a compound A1 point. We prove that any such contraction is obtained by a suitable weighted blow-up.