Let R be a commutative domain with 1, Q its field of quotients, and M a torsion-free R module. By a balanced submodule of M is meant an RD-submodule N [i.e. rN = N ∩ rM for each r ∈ R] such that, for every R-submodule J of Q, every homomorphism η : J → M/N can be lifted to a homomorphism χ:J → M. This definition extends the notion of balancedness as introduced in abelian groups (see e.g. [10, p. 113]). The balanced-projective R-modules can be characterized as summands of completely decomposable R-modules (i.e. summands of direct sums of submodules of Q). If R is a valuation domain, then such summands are again completely decomposable; see [12, p. 275].

For a vector solution u(x, t) with finite energy of the Navier Stokes equations with body forces and boundary values on a region Ω ⊆ R3 for t > 0, conditions are established on the L6/5(Ω) and L2(Ω) norms of derivatives of the data that ensure the estimates and max , up to any given integer value of the weighted order 2r+s, where r or s = s1 + s2 + s3 > 0 and 0 < T < ∞.

The general problem of what should be a non-abelian cohomology, what is it supposed to do, and what should be the coefficients, form a set of interesting questions which has been around for a long time. In the particular setting of groups, a comprehensible and well motivated cohomology theory has been so far stated in dimensions ≤ 2, the coefficients for being crossed modules. The main effort to define an appropriate for groups has been done by Dedecker [16] and Van Deuren [40]; they studied the obstruction to lifting non-abelian 2-cocycles and concluded with first approach for , which requires “super crossed groups” as coefficients. However, as Dedecker said “some polishing work remains necessary” for his cohomology.

Generalized polynomials are defined as products of polynomials raised to positive real powers. The generalized degree can be introduced in a natural way. Several inequalities holding for ordinary polynomials are expected to be true for generalized polynomials, by utilizing the generalized degree in place of the ordinary one. Based on Remez-type inequalities on the size of generalized polynomials, we establish Bernstein and Markov type inequalities for generalized non-negative polynomials, obtaining the best possible result up to a multiplicative absolute constant.

Root systems and Coxeter groups are important tools in multivariable analysis. This paper is concerned with differential-difference and integral operators, and orthogonality structures for polynomials associated to Coxeter groups. For each such group, the structures allow as many parameters as the number of conjugacy classes of reflections. The classical orthogonal polynomials of Gegenbauer and Jacobi type appear in this theory as two-dimensional cases. For each Coxeter group and admissible choice of parameters there is a structure analogous to spherical harmonics which relies on the connection between a Laplacian operator and orthogonality on the unit sphere with respect to a group-invariant measure. The theory has been developed in several papers of the author [4,5,6,7]. In this paper, the emphasis is on the study of an intertwining operator which allows the transfer of certain results about ordinary harmonic polynomials to those associated to Coxeter groups. In particular, a formula and a bound are obtained for the Poisson kernel.

Assume that A is a finite algebra contained in a variety that has the congruence extension property and that B is a subalgebra of A. If α ≺ β in Con A and α |B ≠ β |B, then we show that α |B ≺ β |B and that there is a close connection between the type labellings of the quotients 〈α, α〉 and 〈α|B, β|B〉.

Kac [22] a montré, pour sa caricature d'un gaz de Boltzmann, que la solution de l'équation de Boltzmann généralisée correspondante peut être obtenue comme limite d'une suite de lois empiriques induites par des processus markoviens . Pour un entier n donné, le processus (Xn(t))t≥0 décrit le comportement d'un gaz à n molécules où des collisions binaires ont lieu à des instants imprévisibles. Ce processus est gouverné par un générateur Gn qui est défini à l'aide de l'opérateur de collision apparaissant dans la version de Kac de l'équation de Boltzmann.

We define an iterative interpolation process for data spread over a closed discrete subgroup of the Euclidean space. We describe the main algebraic properties of this process. This interpolation process, under very weak assumptions, is always convergent in the sense of Schwartz distributions. We find also a convenient necessary and sufficient condition for continuity of each interpolation function of a given iterative interpolation process.

For each integer r we define the sequence pr(n) by We note that p-1(n) = p(n), the ordinary partition function. On account of this some authors set r = — k to make positive values of k correspond to positive powers of the generating function for p(n): We follow this convention here. In [3], Atkin proved the following theorem.

A fundamental problem in Fourier analysis is to characterize the behaviour of a function (or distribution) whose Fourier transform vanishes in some particular set. Of course, this is, in general, a very difficult question and little seems to be known, except in some special cases. For example, a theorem of Paley-Wiener (Theorem XII in [6]) characterizes exactly the behaviour of the modulus of a function in L2(R) whose Fourier transform vanishes on a half-line.

The problem of convergence in distribution of a large class of generalized semimartingales to a continuous process is considerably simplified by a recent theorem of Aldous [1], in conjunction with a result of Cremers and Kadelka [3] on convergence of integral functional, and the results of Mitoma [15] and Fouque [8] for generalized processes. We will give a convenient convergence criterion in this setting. The proof amounts to a direct combination of the results of the abovementioned authors, requiring only a minor extension (of a special case) of the theorem of Cremers and Kadelka.

Necessary multiplier conditions for Laguerre expansions are derived and discussed within the framework of weighted Lebesgue spaces.

Let P(z1,…, zn) be a polynomial with positive coefficients. For positive x define A classical diophantine problem is to describe the asymptotic behavior of N1(x) as x → ∞. More generally, one can introduce a second polynomial φ satisfying the condition (0.1) Sign φ (m) is constant for all m outside at most a finite subset of ℕn.

The density u(x, t) of an ideal gas flowing through a homogeneous porous media satisfies the equation Here m > 1 is a physical constant and u also satisfies the initial condition If the initial data is not strictly positive it is necessary to work with generalized solutions of the Cauchy problem (1), (2) (see [1]). By a weak solution we shall mean a function u(x, t) such that for (in the sense of distributions) and

In this paper weak Perron integrals are characterized as n-dimensional interval functions F which are additive, differentiable almost everywhere in the weak sense and which satisfy a new continuity condition concerning the singular set. Before, only one-dimensional Perron integrals were characterized by the theorem of Hake- Alexendrov-Looman, and analogous results for strong Perron integrals (which are best analyzed, but more restrictive) are not available in higher dimensions yet. In order to formulate our continuity condition we introduce an outer measure μ by means of a new weak variation of F which is required to vanish on all null sets. The same condition is also necessary and sufficient for the integral of the weak derivative to yield the original interval function. This “fundamental theorem” is split into two fundamental inequalities of very general nature which contain additional singular terms involving our variation. These inequalities are very useful also for Lebesgue integrals.

We show that a certain category 𝓖 whose objects are pairs G ⊃ H of groups subject to simple axioms is equivalent to the category of ≥ 2-dimensional vector spaces and injective semi-linear maps; and deduce via the "Fundamental Theorem of Projective Geometry" that the category of ≥ 2-dimensional projective spaces is equivalent to the quotient of a suitable subcategory of 𝓖 by the least equivalence relation which identifies conjugation by any element of H with the identity automorphism of G.

A well known theorem of Weyl-von Neumann asserts that if X is a self-adjoint operator acting on a separable Hilbert space, then there is a decomposition 1 = Σ en of the identity into finite rank projections so that we may write X = Σ ƛnen + y, where the ƛnare scalars and y is a compact operator with small norm. In other words, X can be approximately diagonalized.

For any group K and finite-dimensional (right) K-module V let be the right regular representation of K on the algebra of polynomial functions on V. An Isotypic Component of is the sum of all k-submodules of on which π restricts to an irreducible representation can then be written as f = ΣƬ ƒƬ with ƒƬ in .

We announce some existence results and their consequences for the Neumann problem of the nonlinear differential equation: where f: [0, 1] x ℝ2 → ℝ is a Carathéodory function and can grow very rapidly in the y′ variable.

The Schur or projective Schur group of a field consists of the classes of central simple algebras which occur in the decomposition of a group algebra or a twisted group algebra. For number fields, the projective Schur group has been determined in [8], whereas the Schur group is extensively studied in [25]. Recently, some authors have generalized these concepts to commutative rings. One then studies the classes of Azumaya algebras which are epimorphic images of a group ring or a twisted group ring. Though several properties of the Schur or projective Schur group defined in this way have been obtained, they remain rather obscure objects.