Pityophthorus orarius Bright is a small beetle which mines and kills shoots of Douglas-fir. The adult tunnels into the shoot in early summer and lays its eggs. Tunnelling of the larvae causes twig mortality indicated by characteristic "flagging".

The female of Amblyseius duncansoni n. sp., is described and illustrated. It was taken in Nova Scotia from the bark of dormant apple trees in early winter and prior to bud burst.

The song of Metrioptera sphagnorum (F. Walker) is a prolonged trill alternating regularly between two intensities. Oscilloscope analyses reveal two stridulation modes corresponding to the two intensity levels. These two modes are described in terms of pulse structure.Characteristic frequency spectrograms are associated with each mode. In one mode audio frequencies are emphasized; the other mode is dominated by high intensity ultrasonic frequencies. At the approach of a conspecific male, singers were observed to prolong the audio-dominated stridulation mode.

Basilia andersoni n. sp. and B. plaumanni Scott represent the first species of Nycteribiidae to be reported from Uruguay. B. andersoni was found on Myotis nigricans (Schinz), and is closely related to B. guimaraesi Sch. Stekh. and B. currani Guim. It is characterized mainly by the shape of the thoracic sternal plate and legs of both sexes, tergal plates I and II and sternite VI of the female, and the aedeagus of the male, as well as by the chaetotaxy of the legs, tergites and sternites of both sexes, and of the anal segment, genital and anal plates of the female.

Nymphs of the leafhopper Aphrodes bicincta (Schrank) first appeared in the field at the end of May or early June. Emergence of nymphs was protracted over a long period with second and third instar nymphs still being found when adult males were already present. Early instar nymphs were found on strawberry, Trifolium pratense L., T. hybridum L., Plantago major L., Taraxacum officinale Weber, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic., Erigeron canadensis L., and a species of Brassica. There was only one generation per year, the winter being spent in the egg stage. Eggs deposited in plants in the field hatched when brought into the greenhouse during the winter months.In greenhouse studies, eggs were most often found oviposited on the surface of the soil or completely embedded in the petioles of leaves and in clumps of peat moss. Although eggs held at room temperature (70°–75°F) occasionally hatched, cold treatment (45°–50°F) of several weeks resulted in eggs hatching in as short a time as 14 days following their return to room temperature. There were five instars in the nymphal stage. The first four were relatively uniform in length but the fifth was at least 3 days longer than any other instar. Male insects completed the nymphal stage in 38.4 days and female insects in 41.3 days. Descriptions and measurements of the five nymphal instars and male and female adult insects are given. Adult male insects survived well for about 4 weeks and then declined rapidly. Female survival remained relatively high for at least 8 weeks. Some females have lived for up to 20 weeks. Fecundity varied with one female producing 51 offspring and others producing 1.

Nymphal and adult Diaphnidia capitata (Van Duzee) have long been recognized as predators of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus urticae Koch. The eggs and oviposition sites preferred by this species are described herein to supplement available descriptions of the eggs of mirid predators of spider mites.

The head and neck muscles of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), are reported. Thirty-nine muscles with their origins, insertions, and functions are described. This forms part of a study on the brain and suboesophageal ganglionic mass of the same species.

A suspected chemical means of habitat selection by Diaeretiella rapae, a primary parasite of aphids on crucifer plants, was investigated in the laboratory with the aid of an olfactometer. Females (and, to a lesser extent, males) were found to be attracted by odor to leaves and leaf juices of a crucifer host plant and to dilute solutions of the mustard oil allyl isothiocyanate. Given a choice of aphid colonies (Myzus persicae) on leaves of beet (Chenopodiaceae — mustard oils not present) and collard (Cruciferae — mustard oils present), female D. rapae displayed a marked preference to oviposit in aphids feeding on collard. It is concluded that female D. rapae parasites locate their hosts initially by a response to an odor emanating from the aphid host-plant, followed by visual searching. Male D. rapae were attracted by odor from female D. rapae, suggesting the existence of a sex pheromone in this species.Neither males nor females of Charips brassicae, a hyperparasite of D. rapae, were attracted to collard leaves, though females showed apparent attraction to female D. rapae. As with D. rapae, males of C. brassicae are attracted by odor to females of the same species.The host finding behavior of D. rapae is discussed in relation to that of other insect species belonging to the fauna associated with the plant family Cruciferae.

A new genus and new species, Peckelachertus diprioni, is described and illustrated. Material was reared from eggs of the nursery pine sawfly, Diprion frutetorum (Fabricius) in Quebec, Canada.

A lectotype for Hylurgus sericeus Mannerheim is designated. It is located in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Pseudohylesinus pini Wood is placed in synonymy.

Messa nana Klug, a European birch leaf miner which was previously reported in northeastern United States, was recently discovered in southeastern Ontario. Its life cycle and some immature stages are described.

Holotypes, lectotypes, and syntypes of pyralid moths of the subfamilies Nymphulinae, Scopariinae, Cybalomiinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, and Pyraustinae studied by the author at the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad in 1964 are catalogued. Types of 93 names are discussed; lectotypes are designated for 54 nominal species; 13 nominal species are listed for which type material could not be located. Four names are considered to be nomina nuda.

The genus Glutops Burgess is here considered to comprise eight species, three previously described from North America, a Japanese species transferred through synonymy, and four western North American species herein described as new. A key to the eight species is given.

Winter moth hatching begins daily at approximately 0645 hours A.S.T. both in the field during the normal hatching season and in the laboratory during the winter. This diurnal pattern is not related to temperature or light and appears to be intrinsic.The seasonal rate of hatching in the spring was related to accumulated heat. Eggs first exposed to cold December temperatures then stored at 35°F (1.7 °C) until early spring, were incubated at a series of controlled temperatures. The theoretical threshold temperature of development was determined as 41°F (5 °C). Accumulated degree-days based on this threshold did not give the best estimate of the time of hatching in the field where temperatures, because they were recorded in Stevenson’s screens (meteorological cabinets), were generally lower than those at the egg sites. The best estimate was obtained by using a lower base temperature of 39°F (3.9 °C) which compensated for differences in temperature between Stevenson screens and egg sites. Mean hatch in the field occurred when accumulated degree-days reached 292.A predictive curve is presented which predicted the date of mid-hatch of the winter moth to within 1 to 2 days over a 9-year period.

Comparisons were made of frequency distributions of Ips avulsus (Eichh.) and Ips grandicollis (Eichh.) caught in window traps while these species were attacking fresh pine slash. Relationships between mean and variance of trap data indicated that the flight of I. avulsus was more highly aggregated than the flight of I. grandicollis. Three different indices of aggregation were calculated which quantitatively expressed the degree of flight aggregation in each species. Degree of aggregation during attack may be an index of aggressiveness since it determines beetle density which influences attack success on a living host. The relatively high degree of flight aggregation of I. avulsus may partly explain why this species is more frequently a killer of live trees than is I. grandicollis.