This investigation was concerned with fauna above and within the litter, fermentation, and humus layers of the soil in a mature stand of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). The following six microsites were designated for sampling: "open" and "closed" hollows, flats, and hummocks. "Open" and "closed" referred to the space among the tree crowns directly above the microsites. Three sampling techniques, namely core samplers, pitfalls and Tullgren funnels, were employed. Samples were collected weekly from spring to winter in 1966 and 1967 by all methods except that in 1966 Tullgren funnel samples were collectell biweekly. Collected fauna comprised five Phyla, 11 classes, 28 orders, and approximately 124 families. The transformed core sample and Tullgren funnel data were analyzed using an ANOVA (2-way classification) procedure. Transformed pitfall data required an ANOVA (2-way classification, with sampling) procedure. The core sample and Tullgren funnel methods indicated a significant difference (α = 0.10) among microsites based on total weekly (or biweekly) faunal catches in all but one case (which approached significance). In 1966 there were no significant differences (α = 0.10) among the pitfall microsites but in 1967 there were. In all cases there were significant differences (α = 0.10) in the total weekly or biweekly catches of fauna from the various microsites.

Light traps have long been used to indicate cutworm moth population, but a survey of the literature reveals no instance in which light trap catches have been compared with any other source of information regarding the moth population. It has apparently been assumed by all workers, the writer included, that a light trap record furnished a reliable random sample of the population. Certain data have recently accumulated, horvever, which make it desirable to question this assumption, and some of these data will be presented here.

In the Canadian Entomologist, 1892, pp. 193–197, the writer published some notes on New Mexico Heteroptera an Homoptera. The notes on the fifty-three species in the present paper are additional and complete the list, so far as the names can be obtained, of all the Hemiptera collected by the writer in New Mexico and Arizona.

One of the outstanding problems now involving North American Trichoptera is that about 80% of the species are still totally unknown in the immature stages. As in many other insect groups, most initial work has been concerned with species differentiation, classification and distribution, and has dealt largely with adults. There are now about 1000 species of caddisflies known from Canada and the United States, but larvae, the best known of the immature stages, have been described for only about 190 of them. Lack of information concerning larvae is especially conspicnous in the Limnephilidae, our largest family, where this stage is known in only about one-half of the genera. Although inadequate knowledge about the immature stages of insects is not uncommon there are, for the study of Trichoptera, several reasons why much could be gained by overcoming it.

Holcaspis Arizonica, n. sp.– Gall globular, 9 mm. diam, pale ochreous, not shiny, attached to the base of the petiole of a leaf of Quercus Arizonica, Sargent. There is a projecting point next to the place of insertion. Within, the gall is brown, fibrous, moderately dense, at least dithalamous.

Fly emerging April 19, two females. Body 3½ mm. long, wings 3⅔mm; antennæ 2 mm., 15-jointed, joint 3 considerably the longest. Length of joints in μ: (3·) 360, (4·) 240, (5·) 200, (15·) 170. The joints, especially the apical ones, with fine longitudinal ridges, between which are rows of minute punctures. Head ferruginous; thorax and abdomen piceous; margins of mesthorax, and two spots on scutellum, dull ferruginous; legs bright ferruginous; anterior tibiæ with an apical projection' anterior tibial spurs bent; claws of all the legs falciform, with a large triangular basal tooth.

Airplane application of the insect growth regulator CGA 13353, a juvenile hormone mimic used experimentally against spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), did not drastically reduce percentage parasitism in field samples of that host, but there was some evidence of susceptibility. Exploratory sampling of maple defoliators suggested that one species and its parasitoids suffered some mortality, but another species and its parasitoids did not. The treatment did not influence the viability of ant colonies.

In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 26, page 184, the Rev. Thomas W. Fyles described a moth as new under the name of “Botysurticaloides.” Mr. Fyles has been so kind as to lend me his type for examination, and it proves to be identical with Metrea ostreonalis, described by Grote in “Papilio,” Vol. 2 p. 73, where he states that the type was taken by Mr. L. W. Goodell, in Amherst, Mass., and that he specimen, and also another one taken in Bangorm, Maine, by Mr. Fred. Eddy.

The larvæ of this Noctuid moth were again found at Ottawa the past season, in beds of Irises, on the grounds of the Central Experimental Farm. They were not, however, at all numerous, and did not do any appreciable harm this years. Two larvæ were collected on July 28, one of which was inflated; the other pupated on Aug. 1, the moth emerging on Sept. 7. Another larva was found on Aug. 4, the moth appearing on Sept. 15. The pupa of the former specimen was much larger than any of those obtained in 1903, an account of which appeared in the last Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. This pupa measured 30 mm. in length and 7.5 in width.

In the Annales of the Belgain Entomological Society (Vol. 50, pp. 30–6, Feb. 2, 1906). my friend Mr. Schouteden has added a considerable number of genera and species to my list, extending it to 1906.

The number of omissions, even before 1905, is so large, comparatively that it demands some explanation from me.

The following species were collected, from 29th March to 21st June, 1884, along the thirtieth parallel in two neighborhoods, New Orleans and environs, and a district on Bayou la Fourche extending from a little above Napoleonville a few miles south along the bayou. The latter is in Assumption Parish, and at the time of my visit was partially overflowed from the great crevasse of March, 1884. Though many of the species here given are well known to occur in the South Louisiana fauna, I give them all just as I collected them, with the view of noting their relative abundance or rarity, dates of occurrence, localities, etc., all of which together may contribute to make our knowledge of the fauna more complete. But it must be remembered that this is merely a record of how the species occurred to me during my stay, in which I collected only a small part of what might have been taken, could I have given my entire attention thereto. Nearly all those of the N. O. neighborhood were taken between the city and Lake Pontchartrain.

Regression equations of per cent defoliation of white birch stands, Betula papyrifera Marsh., to birch casebearer, Coleophora fuscedinella Zeller, eggs or larvae had precisions (standard error of the estimate, b) of about 20% of the estimate. Although log-transformation of counts stabilized the variance, it did not increase the precision of the equations. Precision of regression estimates based on data from whole-stratum sample units differed little from that from only four mid-crown branches. The latter sample universe is smaller and more rapidly examined.

In nutritional studies with insects such as the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., large numbers of larvae must be fed and observed regularly in the laboratory. Moreover, because these insects are cannibalistic they must be reared in isolation. In our laboratory 60- by 15-mm petri dishes (Jacobson and Blakeley 1957) are used as rearing containers for this insect (Kasting and McGinnis 1967). Originally, petri dishes, containing a single insect, were stacked three deep in wooden trays. The trays, each holding 60 dishes, were then stacked to conserve space. Feeding and observation of the larvae, usually done at regular intervals, often daily, necessitated removing the dishes from the trays and spreading them on a bench.