Let G be the group given by the following presentation:

formula here

The subgroup generated by ab is infinite-cyclic and normal, with quotient the dihedral group of order 6, so G is cyclic-by-finite. The subgroups H = 〈a, c〉 and K = 〈b, c〉 are both dihedral of order 6, and G is isomorphic to the free product of H and K amalgamating L = H∩K. We study K0(kG), the Grothendieck group of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective kG-modules, and, in particular, the dependence of K0(kG) on the choice of field k. As usual, let ℚ, ℝ and [Copf ] stand for the rationals, reals and complex numbers, respectively. We prove the following.

The purpose of this paper is to give sufficient conditions for all nontrivial solutions of the nonlinear differential equation x″ +a(t)g(x) = 0 to be nonoscillatory. Here, g(x) satisfies the sign condition xg(x) > 0 if x ≠ 0, but is not assumed to be monotone increasing. This differential equation includes the generalized Emden–Fowler equation as a special case. Our main result extends some nonoscillation theorems for the generalized Emden–Fowler equation. Proof is given by means of some Liapunov functions and phase-plane analysis.

A sufficient condition is provided for a compact set to be removable for analytic functions in the Zygmund spaces in terms of a porosity. As a consequence, it is shown that the classes of removable sets for the Zygmund space and the little Zygmund space are different.

By using a more efficient way of ‘almost diagonalizing’, known results on small fractional parts of general real cubic forms in a small number of variables, are improved. In particular, for ternary forms the method gives a bound superior to that arising from simply reducing to a cubic form in one variable.

We prove uniqueness for the nonharmonic trigonometric series [sum ]∞k=0akeiλkx under the weaker condition (*) where [sum ]∞k=0 [mid ]ak[mid ]/exp[mid ]λk[mid ]γ < ∞, for some 0 < γ < 1. In other words, if {λk}∞0 satisfies the above condition (*), and if [sum ]∞k=0akeiλkx = 0, then ak = 0 for all k = 0, 1,…. Finally, we state an improvement of Zygmund's uniqueness result as a corollary.

Let $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{g}_0\oplus\mathfrak{g}_1$ be a $\mathbb Z_2$-graded simple Lie algebra. Fix a Borel subalgebra $\mathfrak b_0\subset\mathfrak{g}_0$. Let $\mathfrak a\subset\mathfrak{g}_1$ be a $\mathfrak b_0$-stable subalgebra. Then $\mathfrak a$ is automatically commutative. It is known that if $\overline{G{\cdot}\mathfrak a}$ is a spherical $G$-variety, then $G_0{\cdot}\mathfrak a$ is a spherical $G_0$-variety. We describe all $\mathbb Z_2$-gradings having the property that $\overline{G{\cdot}\mathfrak a}$ is a spherical $G$-variety for any $\mathfrak a$.

Let G be a finite group, let V be an [ ]G-module of finite dimension d, and denote by β(V, G) the minimal number m such that the invariant ring S(V)G is generated by finitely many elements of degree at most m. A classical result of E. Noether says that β(V, G)[les ][mid ]G[mid ] provided that char [ ] is coprime to [mid ]G[mid ]!. If char [ ] divides [mid ]G[mid ], then no bounds for β(V, G) are known except for very special choices of G. In this paper we present a constructive proof of the following. If H[les ]G with [G[ratio ]H]∈[ ]*, and if the restriction V[mid ]H is a permutation module (for example, if V is a projective [ ]G-module and H∈Sylp(G)), then β(V, G)[les ]max{[mid ]G[mid ], d([mid ]G[mid ]−1)} regardless of char [ ].

For a wide class of set ideals (including, for example, all uniform ideals), a criterion of completeness of their symmetry groups is provided in terms of ideal quotients (polars). We apply it to partition ideals, and derive the extended Sierpiński–Erdös duality principle. We demonstrate that if the measure and category ideals I0 and I1 on the real line ℝ are partition (or, equivalently, if just I0 is partition), then not only are they isomorphic via an involution, but they also have complete (and distinct) symmetry groups coinciding, respectively, with the symmetry groups of the polars I⊥0 and I⊥1. The measure and category ideals on ℝ (and in more general spaces) are partition (Oxtoby) ideals assuming Martin's Axiom. In this case their polars are, respectively, the ideals generated by c-Sierpiński and c-Lusin sets. It is well known that the isomorphism of the measure and category ideals is not provable in ZFC. We show that the isomorphism of their symmetry groups is likewise unprovable.

Akemann and Anderson made a conjecture about ‘paving’ projections in finite-dimensional matrix algebras which, if true, would settle the well-known Kadison–Singer problem. Their conjecture is falsified in this paper by an explicit sequence of counterexamples.

Frank Smithies was born in Edinburgh, on 10 March 1912. His father, also Frank Smithies, and his mother, Mary (née Blakemore) had met through their involvement in the socialist movement. They had two children, Frank and his sister Violet, some four years younger.

Let q and N be integers, let a be an integer coprime to q, and let zN be defined implicitly by q = (log N)log22−ZN √(log2N). We show that for large N, an integer n has at least one divisor d with q [les ] d [les ] N and d ≡ a(mod q) with probability approximately Φ(zN), where Φ denotes the distribution function of the Gaussian Law. This solves a conjecture of Hall.

A new property of a complete intersection in a graded Noetherian ring is proved; this result, in conjunction with the Jacobian criterion, is then applied to the description of the loci of singularities in a family of affine varieties introduced in a well-known paper on forms of many variables.

A deterministic self-similar Cantor set F defines a natural probability space, the elements of which are neighbourhoods of various sizes of all points in F. Considering random variables on this probability space, some porosity and density parameters are explicitly calculated.

Let $\sigma$ be a non-degenerate positive $M_n$-valued measure on a locally compact group $G$ with $\|\sigma\|\,{=}\,1$. An $M_n$-valued Borel function $f$ on $G$ is called $\sigma$-harmonic if $f(x) = \int_G f(xy^{-1})\,d\sigma(y)$ for all $x\,{\in}\,G$. Given such a function $f$ which is bounded and left uniformly continuous on $G$, it is shown that every central element in $G$ is a period of $f$. Further, it is shown that $f$ is constant if $G$ is nilpotent or central.

It is known that, if f is a hyperbolic rational function, then the Hausdorff, packing and box dimensions of the Julia set, J(f), are equal. In this paper it is shown that, for a hyperbolic transcendental meromorphic function f, the packing and upper box dimensions of J(f) are equal, but can be strictly greater than the Hausdorff dimension of J(f).

Let G be either a free product with amalgamation A[midast ]CB or an HNN group A[midast ]C, where all normal subgroups of C are finitely generated. Suppose that both A and B have no non-trivial finitely generated normal subgroups of infinite indices. We show that if G contains a finitely generated normal subgroup N which intersects A or B non-trivially but is not contained in C, then the index of N in G is finite.

In this paper, a proof is given that certain boundedness properties of operators yield distributional estimates that have exponential decay at infinity. Such distributional estimates imply local exponential integrability, and apply to many operators such as $m$-linear Calderón–Zygmund operators and their maximal counterparts.

A unital C*-algebra $A$ is said to have cancellation of projections if the semigroup $D(A)$ of Murray–von Neumann equivalence classes of projections in matrices over $A$ is cancellative. It has long been known that stable rank one implies cancellation for any $A$, and some partial converses have been established. In this paper it is proved that cancellation does not imply stable rank one for simple, stably finite C*-algebras.