A homological characterization is given of when a twisted group ring relative to an automorphism of an arbitrary field has all of its simple right modules injective (= a right V-ring). This answers a question raised by Osofsky. A “Hilbert Theorem 90” type theorem determines the cardinality of the isomorphism classes of one-dimensional simple modules.

Let a, b, c be fixed coprime positive integers with $\min \{ a,b,c \}>1$. Let $N(a,b,c)$ denote the number of positive integer solutions $(x,y,z)$ of the equation $a^x + b^y = c^z$. We show that if $(a,b,c)$ is a triple of distinct primes for which $N(a,b,c)>1$ and $(a,b,c)$ is not one of the six known such triples, then $c>10^{18}$, and there are exactly two solutions $(x_1, y_1, z_1)$, $(x_2, y_2, z_2)$ with $2 \mid x_1$, $2 \mid y_1$, $z_1=1$, $2 \nmid y_2$, $z_2>1$, and, taking $a<b$, we must have $a=2$, $b \equiv 1 \bmod 12$, $c \equiv 5\, \mod 12$, with $(a,b,c)$ satisfying further strong restrictions. These results support a conjecture put forward by Scott and Styer [‘Number of solutions to $a^x + b^y = c^z$’, Publ. Math. Debrecen 88 (2016), 131–138].

For $G$ a finite non-Abelian group we write $c(G)$ for the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute and $k(G)$ for the largest integer such that any $k(G)$-colouring of $G$ is guaranteed to contain a monochromatic quadruple $(x,y,xy,yx)$ with $xy\neq yx$. We show that $c(G)\rightarrow 0$ if and only if $k(G)\rightarrow \infty$.

A finite group whose irreducible complex characters are rational-valued is called a rational group. The aim of this paper is to determine the rational almost simple and rational quasi-simple groups.

Ostrom proposed classifications of translation planes on the basis of the action of the collineation group of the plane on the ideal points. There are examples of translation planes in which ideal points form a single orbit (flag transitive planes) and also several orbits (Hall, André, Foulser, and so forth, planes). In this paper the authors have constructed a translation plane in which the ideal points are divided into two orbits of lengths 18 and 8 respectively. A few collineatlons are computed together with their actions. The group of collineations G1 which is transitive on the two sets of 18 and 8 lines separately is calculated. All the collineations that fix L0 are also calculated and they form a group of. If G2 is the group of translations then the full collineation group is shown to be 〈G1, G2, G3〉.

Let $G$ be a finite group and $p$ be an odd prime. We show that if $\mathbf{O}_{p}(G)=1$ and $p^{2}$ does not divide every irreducible $p$-Brauer character degree of $G$, then $|G|_{p}$ is bounded by $p^{3}$ when $p\geqslant 5$ or $p=3$ and $\mathsf{A}_{7}$ is not involved in $G$, and by $3^{4}$ if $p=3$ and $\mathsf{A}_{7}$ is involved in $G$.

Relative Property (T) for a subgroup H of a group G and its connection with positive definite functions are studied. A relation with the Haagerup approximation property is established. We show that if H is a non-normal subgroup of a group G which has Property (T) and G/H is amenable as a graph then H has finite index in G.

For a finite group $G$, let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}(G)$ denote the character graph built on the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$. In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition which guarantees that the complement of the character graph $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is a nonbipartite Hamiltonian graph.

If A = {am,n} is a regular summability matrix, the sequence s = {sn} is said to be A uniformly distributed (see L. Kuipers, H. Niederreiter, Uniform distribution of sequences, p. 221, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974), if

(h = 1, 2, …). In this paper we examine sequences belonging to A*, where t ∈ A* if and only if t is bounded and s + t is A uniformly distributed whenever s is A uniformly distributed. By A′ are denoted those members t of A* such that at ∈ A* for every real a. The members of A′ form a Banach algebra, A* is not connected under the sup norm, but A′ is a component.

Let F be a field. If A is an F-algebra with involution that is generated (as a space) by symmetric idempotents, then A is a subdirect product of copies of F if and only if every idempotent in A is symmetric.

An operator T on a complex Hilbert space is d-symmetric if , where is the uniform closure of the range of the derivation operator δT(X)=TX−XT. It is shown that if the commutator ideal of the inclusion algebra for a d-symmetric operator is the ideal of all compact operators then T has countable spectrum and T is a quasidiagonal operator. It is also shown that if for a d-symmetric operator I(T) is the double commutant of T then T is diagonal.

The aim of this note is to obtain an intrinsic product formula for the centraliser of the injective tensor product of a couple of Banach spaces, Z(). More precisely, we are going to prove that

Here, the spaces and depend only on X and Y, respectively, and Xk denotes the topological k-product.

A Counterexaple used to demonstrate that the k-product cannot beavoided serves as an answer to a question posed by W. Rueß and D. Werner concerning the behaviour of M-ideals on Y.

In the study of torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank the notions of irreducibility, field of definition and E-ring have played significant rôles. These notions are tied together in the following theorem of R. S. Pierce:

THEOREM. Let R be a ring whose additive group is torsion free finite rank irreducible and let Γ be the centralizer of QR as a QE(R) module. Then Γ is the unique smallest field of definition of R. Moreover, Γ ∩ R is an E-ring, in fact, it is a maximal E-subring of R.

In this paper we consider extensions of Pierce's result to the infinite rank case. This leads to the concept of local irreducibility for torsion free groups.

For a prime p and integers a and b, we consider Salié sums

where χ2(x) is a quadratic character and x¯ is the modular inversion of x, that is, xx¯≡ 1 (mod p). One can naturally associate with Sp (a, b) a certain angle θp(a, b) ∈ [0, π]. We show that, for any fixed ε > 0, these angles are uniformly distributed in [0, π] when a and b run over arbitrary sets , ℬ ⊆ {0, 1, …, p − 1} such that there are at least p1+ε quadratic residues modulo p among the products ab, where (a, b) ∈  × ℬ.

The authors regret that the following corrections need to be made tc their paper [1].

p. 293, 1. 2 delete the factor ½.

p. 294, 1. 6 replace the denominator 2πl by πl.

We construct a counterexample, for p = 1, to the conjecture posed by Milaszevitch in 1970: is the space of functions which are analytic in the upper half plane and uniformly almost periodic in its closure dense in the Hardy space Hp (0 < p ∞) of analytic almost periodic functions?

Let G denote a locally compact metrisable zero dimensional group with left translation invariant metric d. The Lipschitz spaces are defined by

where af: x → f(ax) and α > 0; when r = ∞ the members of Lip(α; r) are taken to be continuous. For a suitable choice of metric it is shown that , where 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, α > q−1, p, q are conjugate indices and . It is also shown that for G infinite the range of values of α cannot be extended.