A thrifty embedding scheme of an arbitrary set of groups in a simple infinite group with a given outer automorphism group is presented. One of the applications of this scheme is the existence (assuming CH) of an uncountable group G in which all proper subgroups are countable such that G contains every countable group.

Recently, Varshney and Singh [Rend. Mat. (6) 2 (1982), 219–225] have given sharper quantitative estimates of convergence for Bernstein polynomials, Szasz and Meyer-Konig-Zeller operators. We have achieved improvement over these estimates by taking moments of higher order. For example, in case of the Meyer-Konig-Zeller operator, they gave the following estimate

wherein ∥·∥ stands for sup norm. We have improved this result to

We may remark here that for this modulus of continuity ) our result cannot be sharpened further by taking higher order moments.

We consider a method by which players in a continuous N-person game can arrive at a Pareto optimal solution by a trial process. The process has a number of novel features. Firstly, it is assumed that the players do not know the payoff functions. Secondly, the players are assumed to act quite independently. In spite of this lack of information and lack of cooperation, the players eventually arrive at what is usually regarded as a cooperative solution. The process is a model of the accounting procedures used by firms, and the results predict approach to an equilibrium state of a market model. Proofs are given only in outline here.

Outcalt and Yaqub have extended the Wedderburn Theorem which states that a finite division ring is a field to the case where R is a ring with identity in which every element is either nilpotent or a unit. In this paper we generalize their result to the case where R has a left identity and the set of nilpotent elements is an ideal. We also construct a class of non-commutative rings showing that our generalization of Outcalt and Yaqub's result is real.

A characterization has previously been given for linear transformations in Hilbert space whose first N + 1 powers are partial isometries. An analogous characterization is now obtained for transformations whose first N+ 1 powers have closed ranges. A hypothesis (that transformations have no isometric part) is found to be unnecessary in previous work.

It is shown that if I is a finitely generated ideal of a commutative ring R such that the multiplication map I ⊗RI → I is an injection, then I is locally principal. As a corollary, one obtains a new homological characterization of Prüfer domains.

A characterization of Banach spaces possessing the weak Radon–Nikodým property is given in terms of finitely additive interval functions. Due to that characterization several Banach space valued set functions that are only finitely additive can be represented as integrals.

Given two (real) normed (linear) spaces $X$ and $Y$, let $X\otimes _{1}Y=(X\otimes Y,\Vert \cdot \Vert )$, where $\Vert (x,y)\Vert =\Vert x\Vert +\Vert y\Vert$. It is known that $X\otimes _{1}Y$ is $2$-UR if and only if both $X$ and $Y$ are UR (where we use UR as an abbreviation for uniformly rotund). We prove that if $X$ is $m$-dimensional and $Y$ is $k$-UR, then $X\otimes _{1}Y$ is $(m+k)$-UR. In the other direction, we observe that if $X\otimes _{1}Y$ is $k$-UR, then both $X$ and $Y$ are $(k-1)$-UR. Given a monotone norm $\Vert \cdot \Vert _{E}$ on $\mathbb{R}^{2}$, we let $X\otimes _{E}Y=(X\otimes Y,\Vert \cdot \Vert )$ where $\Vert (x,y)\Vert =\Vert (\Vert x\Vert _{X},\Vert y\Vert _{Y})\Vert _{E}$. It is known that if $X$ is uniformly rotund in every direction, $Y$ has the weak fixed point property for nonexpansive maps (WFPP) and $\Vert \cdot \Vert _{E}$ is strictly monotone, then $X\otimes _{E}Y$ has WFPP. Using the notion of $k$-uniform rotundity relative to every $k$-dimensional subspace we show that this result holds with a weaker condition on $X$.

Let G be a locally compact group and be the Banach space of all essentially bounded measurable functions on G vansihing an infinity. Here, we study some families of right completely continuous elements in the Banach algebra equipped with an Arens type product. As the main result, we show that has a certain right completely continuous element if and only if G is compact.

Recent developments on the isomorphism and other group ring problems are amply reviewed in Sehgal's book, Topics in group rings. The aim of this expository paper is to complement the content of Sehgal's book. Our main emphasis is the presentation of some results due to Saksonov which are published in Russian and do not seem well-known to the English reader. We also draw the reader's attention to some unpublished results of Higman.

Let

where ψ denotes the logarithmic derivative of Euler's gamma function. We prove that the functional inequality

holds if and only if 0 < r ≤ 1. And, we show that the converse is valid if and only if r < 0 or r ≥ n + 1.

In this paper, a new type of generalised convexity—semilocal E-convexity is introduced by combining the concepts of the semi-E-convexity in X.S. Chen [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 275(2002), 251–262] and semilocal convexity in G.M. Ewing [SIAM. Rev. 19(1977), 202–220], and some of its basic characters are discussed. By utilising the new concepts, we derive some optimality conditions and establish some duality results for the inequality constrained optimisation problem.

Let X be an infinite set and suppose א0 ≤ q ≤ |X|. The Baer-Levi semigroup on X is the set of all injective ‘total’ transformations α: X → X such that |X\Xα| = q. It is known to be a right simple, right cancellative semigroup without idempotents, its automorphisms are “inner”, and some of its congruences are restrictions of Malcev congruences on I(X), the symmetric inverse semigroup on X. Here we consider algebraic properties of the semigroup consisting of all injective ‘partial’ transformations α of X such that |X\Xα| = q: in particular, we descried the ideals and Green's relations of it and some of its subsemigroups.

In this short note, we obtain a complete classification of finite homogeneous groups.

Let $m$ be a positive integer and $p$ a prime number. We prove the orthogonality of some character sums over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{p^{m}}$ or over a subset of a finite field and use this to construct some new approximately mutually unbiased bases of dimension $p^{m}$ over the complex number field $\mathbb{C}$, especially with $p=2$.

Let A be a semiprime superalgebra over a commutative ring F with and f:A→A a skew-supercommuting map on A. We show that f=0. This gives a version of Brešar’s theorem for superalgebras.

Necessary and sufficient conditions for a Poisson stable flow to be recurrent are given.

It is known that, under suitable assumptions, the subdifferential ∂(f □ g) of the infimal convolution of two convex functions f and g coincides with the parallel sum of ∂ f and ∂ g. We prove that a similar formula holds for the subdifferential of the deconvolution of two convex functions: under appropriate hypothesis it coincides with the parallel star-difference of the sub-differentials of the functions.

It is shown that an n-torsion-free ring R with identity such that, for all x, y in R, xnyn = ynyn and (xy)n+1 − xn+1yn+1 is central, must be commutative. It is also shown that a periodic n–torsion-free ring (not necessarily with identity) for which (xy)n − (yx)n is always in the centre is commutative provided that the nilpotents of R form a commutative set. Further, examples are given which show that all the hypotheses of both theorems are essential.

For Г uncountable and p ≥ 1 odd, it is shown ℓp(г) admits no continuous p-times Gateaux differentiable bump function. A space is shown to admit a norm with Hölder derivative on its sphere if it admits a bounded bump function with uniformly directionally Hölder derivative. Some results on smooth approximation are obtained for spaces that admit bounded uniformly Gateaux differentiable bump functions.