Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T12:21:09.798Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation on microbial protein synthesis, enzyme activity and attachment to feed in the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Y. Wang ,
T. A. McAllister ,
L. M. Rode ,
K. A. Beauchemin ,
D. P. Morgavi ,
V. L. Nsereko ,
A. D. Iwaasa  and
W. Yang
Y. Wang
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
T. A. McAllister*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
L. M. Rode
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
K. A. Beauchemin
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
D. P. Morgavi
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
V. L. Nsereko
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
A. D. Iwaasa
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada S9H 3X2
W. Yang
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
*
*Corresponding author: Dr T. A. McAllister, fax +1 (403) 382-3156, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation, the application method and feed type on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis were investigated using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Steam-rolled barley grain and chopped alfalfa hay were sprayed with water (control, C), an enzyme preparation with a predominant xylanase activity (EF), or autoclaved enzyme (AEF) 24 h prior to feeding, or the enzyme was supplied in the buffer infused into the Rusitec (EI). Microbial N incorporation was measured using (15NH4)2SO4 in the buffer. Spent feed bags were pummelled mechanically in buffer to segregate the feed particle-associated (FPA) and feed particle-bound (FPB) bacterial fractions. Enzymes applied to feed reduced neutral-detergent fibre content, and increased the concentration of reducing sugars in barley grain, but not alfalfa hay. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria were more numerous with EF than with C. Disappearance of DM from barley grain was higher with EF than with C, but alfalfa was unaffected by EF. Treatment EF increased incorporation of 15N into FPA and FPB fractions at 24 and 48 h. In contrast, AEF reduced the 24 h values, relative to C; AEF and C were similar at 48 h. Infused enzyme (EI) did not affect 15N incorporation. Xylanase activity in effluent was increased by EF and EI, compared to C, but not by AEF. Xylanase activity in FPA was higher at 48 h than at 24 h with all treatments; it was higher with EF than C at 24 and 48 h, but was not altered by AEF or EI. Applying enzymes onto feeds before feeding was more effective than dosing directly into the artificial rumen for increasing ruminal fibrolytic activity.

Keywords

RusitecExogenous enzymesRuminal microbesDigestion15N incorporation
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , March 2001 , pp. 325 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Alexander, M (1971) Microbial Ecology, New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, KA & Rode, LM (1996) Use of feed enzymes in ruminant nutrition In Animal Science Research and Development – Meeting Future Challenges pp. 103–131 [Rode, LM, editor]. Ottawa, Ont., Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, Rode, LM & Sewalt, VJH (1995) Fibrolytic enzymes increase fibre digestibility and growth rate of steers fed dry forages. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, 641–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, Jones, SDM, Rode, LM & Sewalt, VJH (1997) Effects of fibrolytic enzymes in corn or barley diets on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, 645–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, Rode, LM, Yang, WZ & McAllister, TA (1998) Use of feed enzyme in ruminant nutrition. In Proceedings of 33rd Annual Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference and Chr. Hansen Biosystems Pre-conference Symposium, pp. 121–135. Vancouver, BC, Canada.Google Scholar
Chademana, I & Offer, NW (1990) The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture on digestion in the sheep. Animal Production 50, 483–489.Google Scholar
Chen, KH, Huber, JT, Simas, J, Theurer, CB, Yu, P, Chan, SC, Santos, F, Wu, Z, Swingle, RS & DePeters, EJ (1995) Effect of enzyme treatment or steam-flaking of sorghum grain on lactation and digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1721–1727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, K-J & McAllister, TA (1997) Compartmentation in the rumen The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem 2nd ed, pp. 492–522[PN, Hobson & CSStewart, editors] Stewart, editors]. London: Blackie Academic & Professional.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, KJ, Stewart, CS, Dinsdale, D & Costerton, JW (1983/1984) Electron microscopy of bacteria involved in the digestion of plant cell walls. Animal Feed Science and Technology 10, 93–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, WM, Broderick, GA & Ricker, DB (1987) Quantitation of microorganisms associated with particular phase of rumen ingesta. Journal of Nutrition 117, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerkawski, JW & Breckenridge, G (1977) Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (rusitec). British Journal of Nutrition 38, 371–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, KA (1987) Mode of action of the yeast culture, Yea-Sacc, in the rumen: a natural fermentation modifier In Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Proceedings of Alltech's 2nd Annual Symposium, pp. 119–126 [Lyons, TP, editor]. Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA: Alltech Technical Publications.Google Scholar
Dehority, BA & Scott, HW (1967) Extent of cellulose and hemicellulose digestion in various forages by pure cultures of rumen bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 50, 1136–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erasmus, LJ, Botha, PM & Kistner, A (1992) Effect of yeast culture supplementation on production, rumen fermentation, and duodenal nitrogen flow in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 44, 1899–1902.Google Scholar
Feng, P, Hunt, CW, Pritchard, GT & Julien, WE (1996) Effect of enzyme preparations on. in situ and in vitro degradation and in vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steers Journal of Animal Science 74, 1349–1357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flint, HJ, Forsberg, CW (1995) Polysaccharide degradation in the rumen: biochemistry and genetics. In Rumen Physiology: Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction pp. 43–70 [Engelhardt, Wv, Leonhard-Marek, S, Breves, GGiesecke, D, editors]. Stuttgart, Germany: Ferdinand Enke Verlag.Google Scholar
Frumholtz, PP, Newbold, CJ & Wallace, RJ (1989) Influence of. Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the fermentation of basal ration in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 113, 169–172.Google Scholar
Gwayumba, W & Christensen, DA (1996) The effect of fibrolytic enzymes on protein and carbohydrate degradation fractions in forages In Proceedings of 46th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Animal Science p.2. Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada: Canadian Society of Animal Science.Google Scholar
Harrison, GA, Hemben, RW, Dawson, KA, Harmon, RJ & Barker, KB (1988) Influence of addition of yeast culture supplement to diets of lactating cows on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 2967–2975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hristov, AN, Rode, LM, Beauchemin, KA & Wuerfel, RL (1996) Effect of a commercial enzyme preparation on barley silage in vitro. and in sacco dry matter degradability Proceedings of the Western Section, American Society of Animal Science 47, 282–284.Google Scholar
Hristov, AN, McAllister, TA & Cheng, K-J (1998) Effect of dietary or abomasal supplementation of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility. Journal of Animal Science 76, 3146–3156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kudo, H, Cheng, KJ & Costerton, JW (1987) Interactions between Treponema bryantii and cellulolytic bacteria in the in vitro degradation of straw cellulose. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, 244–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, U, Sareen, VK & Singh, S (1994) Effect of. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture supplement on rumen metabolism in buffalo calves given a high concentrate diet Animal Production 59, 209–215.Google Scholar
Leatherwood, JM, Morechrie, RD & Thomas, WE (1960) Some effects of a supplementary cellulase preparation on feed utilization by ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science 43, 1460–1464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legay-Carmier, F & Bauchart, D (1989) Distribution of bacteria in the rumen contents of dairy cows given a diet supplemented with soya-bean oil. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 725–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, GE, Sanchez, WK, Treacher, R, Hunt, CW & Pritchard, GT (1995) Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on lactational performance of midlactation Holstein cows. Proceedings of the Western Section, American Society of Animal Science and the Canadian Society of Animal Science 46, 310–313.Google Scholar
McAllister, TA, Bae, HD, Jones, GA & Cheng, K-J (1994) Microbial attachment and feed digestion in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science 72, 3004–3018.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McAllister, TA, Oosting, SJ, Popp, JD, Mir, Z, Yanke, LJ, Hristov, AN, Treacher, RJ & Cheng, K-J (1999) Effect of exogenous enzymes on the digestibility of barley silage and growth performance of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, 353–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAllister, TA, Stanford, K, Bae, HD, Treacher, RJ, Baah, J, Shelford, JA & Cheng, K-J (2000) Effect of a surfactant and exogenous enzymes on digestibility, growth performance and carcass traits of lambs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, 35–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDougall, EI (1948) Studies on ruminant saliva 1. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochemical Journal 43, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, N (1944) A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. Journal of Biological Chemistry 153, 375–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newbold, CJ, Brock, R & Wallace, RJ (1991) Influence of autoclaved or irradiated Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 116, 159–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newbold, CJ, Wallace, RJ & McIntosh, FM (1996) Mode of action of the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a feed additive for ruminants British Journal of Nutrition 76, 249–261.Google ScholarPubMed
Nisbet, DJ & Martin, SA (1989) Factors affecting lactate uptake by Selenomonas ruminantium HD4. Proceedings of the 20th Biennial Conference on Rumen Function p. 8. Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Nsereko, VL, Morgavi, DP, Rode, LM, Beauchemin, KA & McAllister, TA (2000) Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fibre by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology (In the Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odenyo, AA, Mackie, RI, Stahl, DA & White, BA (1994) The use of 16S rRNA probes to study competition between rumen fibrolytic bacteria: development of probes for Ruminococcus species and evidence for bacteriocin production. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 3688–3696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, CS, Duncan, SH & Richardson, AJ (1992) The inhibition of fungal cellulolysis by cell-free preparations from ruminococci. FEMS Microbiological Letters 72, 47–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, MR & Zhang, S (1995) The use of carbohydrase enzymes as feed additives for early lactation cows. Proceedings of the 23rd Biennial Conference on Rumen Function p. 35. Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Svozil, B, Votava, J, Zobac, P & Horvak, V (1989) Application of the cellulolytic preparation in nutrition of lambs. Sbornik Vědeckych Praci Vyzkummy Ústav Vyzivy Zvirat Pohořelice 22, 69–78.Google Scholar
Theurer, B, Woods, W & Burroughs, W (1963) Influence of enzyme supplements in lamb fattening rations. Journal of Animal Science 22, 150–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treacher, R, McAllister, TA, Popp, JD, Mir, Z, Mir, P & Cheng, K-J (1996) Effects of exogenous cellulases and xylanases on feed utilization and growth performance of feedlot steers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, 541.Google Scholar
Van #Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB & Lewis, BA (1991) Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y, McAllister, TA, Newbold, CJ, Cheeke, PR & Cheng, K-J (1998) Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Science and Technology 74, 143–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedmeier, RD, Arambel, MJ & Walters, JL (1987) Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristic and nutrient digestion. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 2063–2068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, AG & Strachan, NH (1984) The distribution of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the bovine rumen digesta ecosystem. Current Microbiology 10, 215–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, WZ, Beauchemin, KA & Rode, LM (1999) Effects of enzymes feed additives on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 391–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed