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Chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of the “Erika” petroleum:Bio-tests applied to petroleum water-accommodated fractions and natural contaminated samples

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2004

Olivier Geffard ,
Hélène Budzinski  and
Karyn LeMenach
Olivier Geffard
Affiliation:
CEMAGREF, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 3 bis quai Chauveau, 69336 Lyon, France
Hélène Budzinski
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie des Systèmes Naturels, UMR 5472 CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
Karyn LeMenach
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie des Systèmes Naturels, UMR 5472 CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
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Abstract

Oil spills are an important source of PAHs in marine and coastal areas and comprise a short- and long-term threat for aquatic organisms. Some PAHs are known to be toxic, in particular mutagenic and/or carcinogenic, and their toxicological effects must be evaluated. Here, the impact of the “Erika” oil spill, which occurred at the end of 1999, was studied by combining chemical (PAH analyses) and toxicological approaches (biological effect assessment). “Erika” elutriates have been found to be more toxic than the elutriate obtained with a crude oil, Bal 250, inducing deleterious effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas embryos and in Isochrysis galbana algae. The embryotoxicity test in mussel is more sensitive than growth test in I. galbana. Naphthalenic compounds make up more than 95% of total PAHs quantified in elutriates. “Erika” elutriates are enriched with naphthalene, methyl-naphthalene, anthracene and higher-molecular-weight compounds. On the contrary, Bal 250 elutriate is characterized by the highest dibenzothiophene, methyl-dibenzothiophene and dimethyl-dibenzothiophene levels. Weathering does not highly affect the toxicity of the “Erika” oil. This study also confirms the potential impact of the “Erika” fuel on the biological quality of sea water and sediments from Traict du Croisic on the Atlantic coast of France.

Keywords

Toxicity“Erika” oil spillElutriateSea waterSedimentBio-assaysMytilus galloprovincialisCrassostrea gigas and Isochryisis galbana
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 17 , Issue 3: The "Erika" Oil Spill: Environmental Contamination and Effects in the Bay of Biscay , July 2004 , pp. 289 - 296
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2004

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