Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T23:07:56.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of phosphorus level and soaking of food on phosphorus availability and performance in growing-finishing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

K. Lyberg ,
A. Simonsson  and
J. E. Lindberg
K. Lyberg
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
A. Simonsson
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
J. E. Lindberg*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstrct

The effects of 1-h soaking of a pig diet based on wheat and barley with low (4·1 g P per kg) and high (6·8 g P per kg) total phosphorus (P) content on total tract apparent digestibility and performance in growing-finishing pigs were studied in a balance and a performance trial respectively. Phosphorus bound to inositol penta- and hexaphosphate (IP5-IP6) was reduced by proportionately 0·1 in the soaked food. Soaking numerically increased the apparent digestibility of P. The digestibility of P did not differ between the dry high P and the soaked low P. Excretion of P in urine was correlated (R2 = 0·84) with the intake of digestible P. The average daily weight gain, final body weight and carcass weight were lower (P < 0·001), and the energy conversion ratio was higher (P < 0·001) in the dry low P treatment than in the other treatments. Pigs on the low P diets had lower levels of inorganic P in serum (P < 0·01) and slightly higher serum Ca values (P < 0·05) and there were no effects of soaking. The density of femur was lower (P < 0·01) in both the low P treatments than in the high P treatments, and soaking of the low P diet improved (P < 0·01) femur density. In conclusion, a 1-h soaking of pig food in water appears to be sufficient to improve P availability and growth performance.

Keywords

digestibilityperformancephosphoruspigssoaking
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 81 , Issue 3 , December 2005 , pp. 375 - 381
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bergman, E. L., Fredlund, K., Reinikainen, P. and Sandberg, A. S. 1999. Hydrothermal processing of barley (cv. Blenheim): optimisation of phytate degradation and increase of free myo-inositol. Journal of Cereal Science 29: 261–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, E. L., Fredlund, K., Reinikainen, P. and Sandberg, A. S. 2001. Development of predictive models for optimization of phytate degradation in wheat and rye during hydrothermal processing. Cereal Chemistry 78: 144–150.Google Scholar
Breves, G. and Schröder, B. 1991. Comparative aspects ofgastrointestinal phosphorus metabolism. Nutrition Research Reviews 4: 125–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, D. and Poulsen, H. D. 2003. Phytate degradation in soaked and fermented liquid feed effect of diet, time of soaking, heat treatment, phytase activity, pH and temperature. Animal Feed Science and Technology 103: 141–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cromwell, G. L., Hays, V. W., Chaney, C. H. and Overfield, J. R. 1970. Effects of dietary phosphorus and calcium level on zperformance, bone mineralization and carcass characteristics of swine. Journal of Animal Science 30: 519–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eeckhout, W. and De Paepe, M. 1994. Total phosphorus, phytatephosphorus and phytase activity in plant feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 47: 19–29.Google Scholar
Engelen, A. J., Heeft van der, F. C., Randsdorp, P. H. G. and Smit, E. L. C. 1994. Simple and rapid determination of phytase activity. Journal of AOAC International 77: 760–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finco, D. R. 1989. Kidney function. In Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, fourth edition (ed. Kaneko, J. J.), pp. 496–542. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Fredlund, K., Asp, N. G., Larsson, M., Marklinder, I. and Sandberg, A. S. 1997. Phytate reduction in whole grains of wheat, rye, barley and oats after hydrothermal treatment. Journal of Cereal Science 25: 83–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guéguen, L. and Perez, J. M. 1981. A re-evaluation of recommended dietary allowances of calcium and phosphorus in pigs. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40: 273–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E. 2000. Textbook of medical physiology, 10th edition. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.Google Scholar
Helander, E. and Partanen, K. 1997. Effects of phosphorus level and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance and bone mineralization in pigs. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science 47: 159–167.Google Scholar
Irving, G. C. J. 1980. Phytases. In Inositol phytates (ed.Cosgrove, D. J.), pp. 85–127. Elsivier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Jongbloed, A. W. 1987. Phosphorus in the feeding of pigs, effect of diet on the absorption and retention of phosphorus by growing pigs. Ph. D. thesis, Wagening Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Jongbloed, A. W. and Everts, H. 1992. Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment. 2. The requirement of digestible phosphorus for piglets, growing-.nishing pigs and breeding sows. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40: 123–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jongbloed, A. W. and Kemme, P. A. 1990. Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment. 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38: 567–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jongbloed, A. W., Kemme, P. A. and Top van den., A. M. 2001. The role of nutrition in reducing the accumulation of minerals in the environment by pigs. EAAP, 52nd annual meeting, Budapest, Hungary, p. 15.Google Scholar
Jongbloed, A. W., Mroz, Z. and Kemme, P. A. 1992. The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract. Journal of Animal Science 70: 1159–1168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kell, G. S. 1975. Density, thermal expansivity, and compressibility of liquid water from 0 deg. to 150 deg. Correlations and tables for atmospheric pressure and saturation reviewed and expressed on 1968 temperature scale. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 20: 97–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kornegay, E. T., Thomas, H. R. and Baker, J. L. 1981. Phosphorus in swine. IV. In.uence of dietary calcium and phosphorus and protein levels on feedlot performance, serum minerals, bone development and soundness scores in boars. Journal of Animal Science 52: 1070–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, T., Skoglund, E., Sandberg, A. S. and Engberg, R. M. 1999 Soaking and pelleting of pig diets alters the apparent absorption and retention of minerals. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79: 477–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, J., Bollinger, D. W., Ledoux, D. R., Ellersieck, M. R. and Veum, T. L. 1997. Soaking increases the efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase in a low-phosphorus corn-soybean meal diet for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75: 1292–1298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. H. and Tyler, C. 1955. Studies on the intestinal absorption and excretion of calcium and phosphorus in the pig. 1. A critical study of the bergeim technique for investigating the intestinal absorption and excretion of calcium and phosphorus. British Journal of Nutrition 9: 63–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mroz, Z., Jongbloed, A. W. and Kemme, P. A. 1994. Apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72: 126–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Näsi, J. M., Helander, E. H. and Partanen, K. H. 1995. Availability for growing pigs of minerals and protein of a high phytate barleyrapeseed meal diet treated with Aspergillus niger phytase or soaked with whey. Animal Feed Science and Technology 56: 83–98.Google Scholar
Näsi, M., Partanen, K. and Piironen, J. 1999. Comparison of Aspergillus niger phytase and Trichoderma reesei phytase and acid phosphatase on phytate phosphorus availability in pigs fed on maize-soybean meal or barley-soybean meal diets. Archiv für Tierernährung 52: 15–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. 1991. Determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in foodstuffs. Metals, no. 139.Google Scholar
Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. 1998. Determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion in a microwave oven. Metals, no. 161.Google Scholar
Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. 2003. Determination in foods and feeds according to Kjeldahl, fourth edition. Nitrogen, no. 6.Google Scholar
Peet-Schwering van der., C. M. C. and Hartog den., L. A. 2000. Manipulation of pig diets to minimize the environmental impact of pig production in the Netherlands. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. Series B, Livestock Feeds and Feeding 70: 913–917.Google Scholar
Pointillart, A. 1991. Enhancement of phosphorus utilization in growing pigs fed phytate-rich diets by using rye bran. Journal of Animal Science 69: 1109–1115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pointillart, A., Fontaine, N. and Tomasset, M. 1984. Phytate phosphorus utilization and intestinal phosphatases in pigs fed low phosphorus: wheat or corn diets. Nutrition Reports International 29: 473–483.Google Scholar
Pointillart, A., Fourdin, A. and Fontaine, N. 1987. Importance of cereal phytase activity for phytate phosphorus utilization by growing pigs fed diets containing triticale or corn. Journal of Nutrition 117: 907–913.Google Scholar
Poulsen, H. D. 1994. Reduceret fosfortildeling til slagtesvin: effekt pa produktion og fosforudnyttelse, Reduced dietary phosphorus for growing and. nishing pigs: effects on performance, retention and excretion. Forskningsrapport 28, pp. 1–29. Statens husdyrbrugsforsog, Forskningscenter Foulum, Tjele.Google Scholar
Poulsen, H. D. 2000. Phosphorus utilization and excretion in pig production. Journal of Environmental Quality 29: 24–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulsen, H. D., Jongbloed, A. W., Latimier, P. and Fernandez, J. A. 1999. Phosphorus consumption, utilisation and losses in pig production in France, The Netherlands and Denmark. Livestock Production Science 58: 251–259.Google Scholar
Reddy, N. R., Sathe, S. K. and Salunkhe, D. K. 1982. Phytates in legumes and cereals. Advances in Food Research 28: 1–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandberg, A. S., Larsen, T. and Sandstrom, B. 1993. High dietary calcium level decreases colonic phytate degradation in pigs fed a rapeseed diet. Journal of Nutrition 123: 559–566.Google Scholar
Simonsson, A. 1994. Näringsrekommendationer och fodermedelstabeller till svin. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Research Information. Husdjur, 71. SLU Info/Repro, Uppsala.Google Scholar
Skoglund, E., Carlsson, N. G. and Sandberg, A. S. 1997a. Determination of isomers of inositol mono- to hexaphosphates in selected foods and intestinal contents using high-performance ion chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45: 431–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skoglund, E., Larsen, T. and Sandberg, A. S. 1997b. Comparison between steeping and pelleting a mixed diet at different calcium levels on phytate degradation in pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77: 471–477.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1998. SAS/STAT users guide, version 8. 02. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Teleni, E., Dean, H. and Murray, R. M. 1976. Some factors affecting the measurement of blood inorganic phosphorus in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 529–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Underwood, E. J. and Suttle, N. F. 1999. The mineral nutrition of livestock, third edition. CABI Publishing, Oxon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar