Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T10:09:39.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ileal and total tract digestibility in growing pigs given cassava root meal diets with inclusion of cassava leaves, leucaena leaves and groundnut foliage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

B. H. N. Phuc  and
J. E. Lindberg
B. H. N. Phuc
Affiliation:
University of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc, Vietnam
J. E. Lindberg
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, PO Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Get access

Abstract

Growing pigs fitted with post-valve T-caecum cannulas were used in a change-over design experiment (5 ✕ 5) to determine the ileal and total tract apparent digestibility and hindgut disappearance of dietary components and energy in a cassava root and soya-bean meal-based diet with an inclusion rate at 0·15 of the dry matter (DM) of either cassava leaf meal, ensiled cassava leaves, groundnut foliage, or leucaena leaves.

The ileal and total tract apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM), crude protein, nitrogen-free extractives and energy of the diets were significantly reduced with inclusion of the foliages (P < 0·05). The digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and crude fibre was improved when groundnut foliage was included in the diet (P < 0·05).

The dietary content of NDF was a better predictor of the total tract digestibility of OM (R2 = 0·87) and energy (R2 = 0·90) than the content of crude fibre (R2 = 0·68 for OM digestibility and R2 = 0·72 for energy digestibility).

The disappearance of OM and energy in the hindgut of the foliage diets was 0·36 (s.d. 0·02) and 0·31 (s.d. 0·02), respectively, which was significantly lower (P < 0·05) than on the control diet (0·48 and 0·46, respectively).

Ileal as well as total tract digestibilities of OM in groundnut foliage were higher than for the other leaf products (ileal, 0·55 and 0·42; and total tract, 0·64 and 0·55, respectively). For foliage products of cassava and leucaena an average digestible energy value of 11·4 MJ/kg DM was calculated, whereas for groundnut foliage the corresponding value was 10·9 MJ/kg DM.

It was concluded that, inclusion of foliages in pig diets will reduce the dietary energy content, due to a high fibre content. However, under tropical conditions foliage at low levels of inclusion may be useful in low fibre diets for growing pigs to improve the dietary protein supply.

Keywords

digestibilityfibrefoliagepigstropical Asia
Type
Non-ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , October 2000 , pp. 301 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, C. and Lindberg, J. E. 1997a. Forages in diets for growing pigs. 1. Nutrient apparent digestibilities and partition of nutrient digestion in barley-based diets including lucerne and white-clover meal. Animal Science 65: 483–491.Google Scholar
Andersson, C. and Lindberg, J. E. 1997b. Forages in diets for growing pigs. 2. Nutrient apparent digestibilities and partition of nutrient digestion in barley-based diets including red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal. Animal Science 65: 493–500.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official methods of analysis, 13th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bergner, H. 1982. Fiber and nitrogen excretion. In Physiologie digestive chez le porc (ed. J. P., Laplace, T., Corring and Rerat, A.), pp. 237–240. Les Colloques de l’INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, Versailles, France.Google Scholar
Calvert, C. C., Steele, N. C. and Rosebrough, R. W. 1985. Digestibility of fibre components and reproductive performance of sows fed high levels of alfalfa meal. Journal of Animal Science 61: 595–602.Google Scholar
Dierick, N. A., Vervaeke, I. J., Demeyer, D. I. and Decuypere, J. A. 1989. Approach to the energetic importance of fibre digestion in pigs. I. Importance of fermentation in the overall energy supply. Animal Feed Science and Technology 23: 141–167.Google Scholar
D’Mello, J. P. F. 1995. Leguminous leaf meals in non-ruminant nutrition. In Tropical legumes in animal nutrition (ed. D’Mello, J.P.F. and Devendra, P.), pp. 247–281. CAB International, Wallingford.Google Scholar
D’Mello, J. P. F. and Acamovic, T. 1989. Leucaena leucocephala in poultry nutrition — a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 26: 1–28.Google Scholar
Eggum, O. L. 1970. The protein quality of cassava leaves. British Journal of Nutrition 24: 761–769.Google Scholar
Ekpenyong, T. E. 1986. Nutrient and amino acid composition of Leucaena leucocephala de Wit. Animal Feed Science and Technology 26: 1–28.Google Scholar
Fenton, T. W. and Fenton, M. 1979 Chromic oxide analysis. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59: 631–634.Google Scholar
Fernández, J. A. and Jørgersen, N. 1986. Digestibility and absorption of nutrients as affected by fiber content in the diet of the pig. Quantitative aspects. Livestock Production Science 15: 53–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furuya, S. and Takahashi, S. 1980. Factors influencing digestibility by swine — relationship of level of feeding and retention time in the intestines to digestibility. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science 51: 33–39.Google Scholar
Garcia, G. W., Ferguson, T. U., Neckles, F. A. and Archibald, K. A. E. 1996. The nutritive value and forage productivity of Leucaena leucocephala . Animal Feed Science and Technology 60: 29–41.Google Scholar
Goering, H. K. and Van Soest, P. J. 1970. Forage fibre analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agricultural handbook no. 379, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Göhl, B. 1981. Tropical feed information summaries and nutritive values. FAO Animal Production and Health Series, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.Google Scholar
Gomez, G. and Valdivieso, M. 1984. Cassava for animal feeding: effect of variety and plant age on production of leaves and roots. Animal Feed Science and Technology 11: 49–55.Google Scholar
Graham, H., Hesselman, K. and Åman, P. 1986. The influence of wheat bran and sugar beet pulp on the digestibility of dietary components in a cereal based pig diet. Journal of Nutrition 116: 242–251.Google Scholar
Hartog, L. A. den, Verstegen, M. W. A., Huisman, J. and van Kempen, G. J. M. 1985. Effect of dilution of a pig diet on the digestibility of the nutrients. Proceedings of the 36th annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, September 30 to October 3, Halkidiki, Greece.Google Scholar
Just, A. 1982a. The influence of crude fibre from cereals on the net energy value of diets for growth in pigs. Livestock Production Science 9: 569–580.Google Scholar
Just, A. 1982b. The influence of ground barley straw on the net energy value of diets for growth in pigs. Livestock Production Science 9: 717–729.Google Scholar
Keys Jr, J. E. and Barthe, J. V. de. 1974. Cellulose and hemicellulose, digestibility in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine of swine. Journal of Animal Science 39: 53–57.Google Scholar
Larsson, K. and Bengtsson, S. 1983. [Determination of readily available carbohydrates in plant material.] National Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry methods report no. 22. National Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Uppsala.Google Scholar
Laswai, G. H., Ocran, J. N., Lekule, F. P. and Sundstøl, F. 1997. Effects of dietary inclusion of leucaena leaf meal with and without ferrous sulphate on the digestibility of dietary components and growth of pigs over the weight range 20-60 kg. Animal Feed Science and Technology 65: 45–57.Google Scholar
Leeuwen, P. van, Kleef, D. J. van, Kempen, G. J. M. van, Huisman, J. and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1991. The post valve T-caecum cannulation technique in pigs applicated to determine the digestibility of amino acids in maize, groundnut and sunflower meal. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 65: 183–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindberg, J. E. and Andersson, C. 1998. The nutritive value of barley-based diets with forage meal inclusion for growing pigs based on total tract digestibility and nitrogen utilization. Livestock Production Science 56: 43–52.Google Scholar
Lindberg, J. E., Cortova, Z. and Thomke, S. 1995. The nutritive value of lucerne leaf meal for pigs based on digestibility and nitrogen utilization. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science 45: 245–251.Google Scholar
Low, A. G. 1982. Digestibility and availability of amino acids from feedstuffs for pigs: a review. Livestock Production Science 9: 511–520.Google Scholar
MINITAB Statistical Software. 1998. User’s guide to statistics, version 12. MINITAB Inc., USA.Google Scholar
Oke, L. 1994. Eliminating cyanogens from cassava through processing: technology and tradition. In Acta Horticulturae 375. Cassava safety. Workshop in Nigeria, pp. 163–174.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V. 1990. Cassava leaf meal. In Non-traditional feed sources for use in swine production (ed. Thacker, P. A. and Kirkwood, R. N.), pp. 91–101. Butterworths, Boston.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V. 1993. Cassava leaves as animal feed: potential and limitations. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61: 141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravindran, V., Kornegay, E. T., Rajaguru, A. S. B. and Notter, S. B. 1987. Cassava leaf meal as a replacement for coconut oil meal in pig diets. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 41: 45–53.Google Scholar
Robertson, J. B. and Van Soest, P. J. 1977. The fibre estimation in concentrate feedstuffs. Proceedings of the 69th meeting of the American Association of Animal Science, 23-27 July 1977, University of Wisconsin, Madison, MI, USA.Google Scholar
Sarwat, S. V., Kakala, S. N. and Kategile, J. A. 1998. Performance of growing-finishing pigs when fed diets containing fresh cassava leaves and roots. African Agriculture and Forestry Journal 53: 111–115.Google Scholar
Schulz, E., Noll, J. and Oslage, H. J. 1988. Investigations of the digestion of carbohydrates in the different parts of the intestines in pigs. In Digestive physiology in the pig (ed. L. Buraczewska, S. Burraczewski, B. Pastuszewska and Zebrowska, T.). Proceedings of the fourth international seminar held at the Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Jablonna, Poland, pp. 196–202.Google Scholar
Stanogias, G. and Pearce, G. R. 1985a. The digestion of fibre by pigs. 1. The effects of amount and type of fibre on apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and rate of passage. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 513–530.Google Scholar
Stanogias, G. and Pearce, G. R. 1985b. The digestion of fibre by pigs. 3. Effects of the amount and type of fibre on physical characteristics of segments of the gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 537–548.Google Scholar
Tangendjaja, B., Rahardjo, Y. C. and Lowry, J. B. 1990. Leucaena leaf meal in the diets of growing rabbits: evaluation and effect of a low-mimosine treatment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 29: 63–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telek, L. and Martin, F. W. 1983. Tropical plants for leaf protein concentrate. In Leaf protein concentrate (ed. L. Telex and Graham, H. D.), pp. 81–116. AVI Pub., USA.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, second edition. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA.Google Scholar
Wood, J. F. and Carter, P. M. 1983. Investigations into the effects of processing on the retention of the carotenoid fractions of Leucaena leucocephala during storage, and the effects of processing on mimosine concentration. Animal Feed Science and Technology 9: 307–317.Google Scholar
Yeoh, H. H. and Chew, M. Y. 1976. Protein content and amino acid composition of cassava leaf. Phytochemistry 15: 1597–1599.Google Scholar
Zoiopoulos, P. E., Topps, J. H. and English, P. R. 1983. Fibrous agro-industrial by-products as protein sources for bacon pigs. 2. Study of digestion with pigs cannulated at the ileum. Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde 49: 219–228.Google Scholar