The teaching of agriculture in West Africa is difficult compared with other more literary subjects, first, because it is impossible to rely so much on a text-book, and, secondly, because the outdoor practical work is so difficult to arrange, if the students' continued interest and enthusiasm are to be kept. The main reasons why agriculture and gardening as taught in schools are not more effective can be understood by a closer study of the motives of the methods adopted.

Kono Country is situated in the eastern part of Sierra Leone and is about two thousand square miles in extent with a population of roughly eighty-five thousand souls. The administrative head-quarters is situated at Sefadu, itself in Kono country, and distant fifty-eight miles approximately due north of the railway station of Segbwema on the main Freetown-Pendembu railway line and connected with that station by a motor road. This head-quarters has been opened since 1927 before which the district was administered from Panguma in the Mende country. The opening of the head-quarters in Kono country itself and the better communication established by the motor road has already greatly benefited the Kono people.

The study of kinship is by now recognized as being one of the key positions in the study of primitive culture. The series of studies to be undertaken by the Institute of the effect upon native culture of modern industrialization will to a great extent centre on the problem of changes in kinship structure, and the changing function of the different types of kinship organization. With this final aim in mind, the following sketch purposely pays attention to the formal aspect only of kinship organization. It goes without saying that such merely formal studies can never be an end in themselves. But there is, on the other hand, always the danger that in historical or functional studies of kinship problems this formal aspect may be unduly neglected. This consideration—that a clear understanding of these formal problems has to precede any attempt at a functional or historical interpretation—is the only reason why these forms of kinship organization as such have been singled out here for theoretical discussion. This discussion does not aim at presenting anything new to the student of kinship organization. It simply attempts to sum up in a form as concise as possible the main results—and the main problems—of modern anthropology in regard to the forms of kinship organization. This can probably best be done by giving definitions of the most important of these forms and discussing their relation to each other.

It is hardly possible to speak of public instruction, so far as Abyssinia is concerned, in the sense of an organized system of education embracing the whole country. Education has always been of a private character, dependent upon the zeal and enterprise of individuals and small groups. Neither the State nor the Church, as such, has ever really felt itself responsible for the instruction of the young, with the natural result that the majority of the people grow up in ignorance.

The orthography used here is that recommended by the International Institute of African Languages in conjunction with the Board of Education, Lagos.

Les Pahouins, ou Faŋ, sont un grand peuple bantou dont les ramifications principales sont: les Faŋ Betsi, Nzaman, Meké, du Gabon—les Faŋ Bulu, Yaundé, du Cameroun, et d'autres. Nous ne parlerons que de ceux répandus, depuis environ 1870, sur les bords du fleuve Ogooué, et, à l'équateur, le long du chemin allant au nord jusqu'au Cameroun, à l'est de la Guinée espagnole.

The following notes on text-books on nature study and agriculture used in Africa have been prepared in accordance with the decision of the Executive Council of the Institute to compile surveys of text-books in actual use, with a view to providing material which will help in the preparation of new model books. Reviews of current books for use in Africa appear in various journals, but there seems also to be a need for notes of this kind, which bring together information about books on a particular subject for a number of different areas. The first subject dealt with in this way was Hygiene (Africa, iii. 4, and v. 1). The notes on nature study and agricultural text-books which follow are incomplete and should be regarded as a first step only.

En écoutant les Barundi dans leurs proverbes, devinettes, contes, même dans leurs noms propres, le moins qu'on en puisse dire, me semble-t-il, c'est qu'ils ne sont pas dénués de toute poésie. On est même étonné de constater que leur mentalité révèle une tournure esthéque, un goût pour les images et le rythme, qui étonnent chez un peuple si arriéré au point de vue de la culture matérielle. Nous osons aller plus loin en avançant qu'au Burundi on rencontre des poésies, des poèmes.

A Survey of hygiene books used in English-speaking areas in Africa appeared in Volume iii, No. 4 of this journal. At that time no other lists of this kind were being published, but information with regard to new literature both in European languages and in the vernacular is now published regularly in Books for Africa, the bulletin of the International Committee on Christian Literature for Africa, in Oversea Education, published with the approval of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and in the Bibliography of current literature relating to Africa which appears in this journal. Those interested in the subject can, therefore, obtain the information they need in regard to new literature from these various publications and it does not appear that a further paper dealing with these books is required.