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This chapter treats incompressible flocks in two dimensions, and shows that they map onto both equilibrium two-dimensional smectics, and our old friend the KPZ equation (albeit in one dimension), as well as a peculiar type of constrained magnet. Exact scaling laws are again found, this time by exploiting these mappings.
This chapter applies the dynamical renormalization group introduced in Chapter 4 to the flocking problem, and uses it to show that nonlinear terms in the dynamics are “relevant,” and change the dynamics in precisely the way needed to circumvent the Mermin–Wagner–Hohenberg theorem.
I introduce the problem of “dry active matter” more precisely, describing the symmetries (both underlying, and broken) of the state I wish to consider, and also discuss how shocking it is that such systems can exhibit long-ranged order – that is, all move together – even in d = 2.
The final chapter treats “Malthusian” flocks; that is, flocks with birth and death. Here, a full dynamical renormalization group calculation must be done; specifically, it can only be done using a d = 4-epsilon expansion.