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4735 results in Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics

Page 120 of 237

Dynamics of the Standard Model
  • 2nd edition
  • John F. Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Barry R. Holstein
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    24 April 2014
  • Describing the fundamental theory of particle physics and its applications, this book provides a detailed account of the Standard Model, focusing on techniques that can produce information about real observed phenomena. The book begins with a pedagogic account of the Standard Model, introducing essential techniques such as effective field theory and path integral methods. It then focuses on the use of the Standard Model in the calculation of physical properties of particles. Rigorous methods are emphasized, but other useful models are also described. This second edition has been updated to include recent theoretical and experimental advances, such as the discovery of the Higgs boson. A new chapter is devoted to the theoretical and experimental understanding of neutrinos, and major advances in CP violation and electroweak physics have been given a modern treatment. This book is valuable to graduate students and researchers in particle physics, nuclear physics and related fields.

  • III - Symmetries and anomalies

  • John F. Donoghue, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Eugene Golowich, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Barry R. Holstein, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
  • Book:
    Dynamics of the Standard Model
    Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    24 April 2014, pp 76-105

  • Summary

    Application of the concept of symmetry leads to some of the most powerful techniques in particle physics. The most familiar example is the use of gauge symmetry to generate the lagrangian of the Standard Model. Symmetry methods are also valuable in extracting and organizing the physical predictions of the Standard Model. Very often when dealing with hadronic physics, perturbation theory is not applicable to the calculation of quantities of physical interest. One turns in these cases to symmetries and approximate symmetries. It is impressive how successful these methods have been. Moreover, even if one could solve the theory exactly, symmetry considerations would still be needed to organize the results and to make them comprehensible. The identification of symmetries and near symmetries has been considered in Chap. I. This chapter is devoted to their further study, both in general and as applied to the Standard Model, with the intent of providing the foundation for later applications.

    Symmetries of the Standard Model

    The treatment of symmetry in Sects. I–4, I–6 was carried out primarily in a general context. In practice, however, we are most interested in the symmetries relevant to the Standard Model. Let us briefly list these, reserving for some a much more detailed study in later sections.

  • VI - Neutrinos

  • John F. Donoghue, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Eugene Golowich, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Barry R. Holstein, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
  • Book:
    Dynamics of the Standard Model
    Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    24 April 2014, pp 173-199

  • Summary

    When the Standard Model first emerged, there was no evidence of neutrino mass. Since only left-chiral neutrino fields are coupled to the gauge bosons, the simplest way to accommodate the lack of a neutrino mass was to omit any right-handed counterparts to the neutrino field, in which case masslessness is automatic. Because of the degeneracy of the three massless neutrinos, the charged weak leptonic current can be made diagonal and there exists no lepton analog to the CKM matrix.

    In light of evidence for neutrino mass, the most conservative response is to postulate the existence of right-handed neutrinos, similar to the right-handed partners of the other fields. Because the right-handed neutrino carries no gauge charge, its mass may be Dirac or Majorana (or both), and it may be heavy or light. Whether one considers this modification to be an extension beyond the Standard Model or not is largely a matter of semantics. In this chapter, we will describe the rich physics induced by the inclusion of a right-handed neutrino. We note in passing that all fermion fields appearing here will be described as four-component spinors.

    Neutrino mass

    A right-handed neutrino νR has no couplings to any of the gauge fields because its Standard Model charges are zero. Nonetheless, it can enter the lagrangian in two ways: there can be a Yukawa coupling to lepton doublet lL plus a Higgs and there can be a Majorana mass term involving νR.

Page 120 of 237