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The semantics of propositional formulas: models and truth tables, tautologies and contradictions. Disjunctive Normal Form and the DNF Theorem. Optional: Conjunctive Normal Form and the CNF Theorem, computational search problems, satisfiability, P and NP.
Proofs by deduction in Predicate Logic. Axiom schemas and their instances. Implementation of “Schema” and “Proof” objects for Predicate Logic in Python. Use of tautologies in proofs. The Soundness Theorem for predicate logic.
An introduction to Propositional Logic, focusing on the syntax. The unique readability theorem. Implementation of a “Formula” Python object and parsing formulas.
This new book on mathematical logic by Jeremy Avigad gives a thorough introduction to the fundamental results and methods of the subject from the syntactic point of view, emphasizing logic as the study of formal languages and systems and their proper use. Topics include proof theory, model theory, the theory of computability, and axiomatic foundations, with special emphasis given to aspects of mathematical logic that are fundamental to computer science, including deductive systems, constructive logic, the simply typed lambda calculus, and type-theoretic foundations. Clear and engaging, with plentiful examples and exercises, it is an excellent introduction to the subject for graduate students and advanced undergraduates who are interested in logic in mathematics, computer science, and philosophy, and an invaluable reference for any practicing logician's bookshelf.
Using a unique pedagogical approach, this text introduces mathematical logic by guiding students in implementing the underlying logical concepts and mathematical proofs via Python programming. This approach, tailored to the unique intuitions and strengths of the ever-growing population of programming-savvy students, brings mathematical logic into the comfort zone of these students and provides clarity that can only be achieved by a deep hands-on understanding and the satisfaction of having created working code. While the approach is unique, the text follows the same set of topics typically covered in a one-semester undergraduate course, including propositional logic and first-order predicate logic, culminating in a proof of Gödel's completeness theorem. A sneak peek to Gödel's incompleteness theorem is also provided. The textbook is accompanied by an extensive collection of programming tasks, code skeletons, and unit tests. Familiarity with proofs and basic proficiency in Python is assumed.