Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:50:06.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 13 - Civil Unrest: Caring for Police and Protesters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2023

Mark Curato
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
Kaushal Shah
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
Christopher Reisig
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
Get access

Summary

Incidents of civil unrest are increasing in frequency across the United States and may involve protests or demonstrations in response to political or economic activities, responses to concerts or sporting events, or in response to controversial actions by law enforcement. During these incidents, injuries may occur either in isolation or in associated interactions with law enforcement personnel. There are specific patterns of injury that are unique to protests and encounters with law enforcement, and it is important for the urban emergency medicine practitioner to have a fundamental understanding of the management of common injuries associated with law enforcement interactions. This chapter will highlight the general principles of emergency department care during periods of civil unrest, including best practices for interacting with both public safety personnel and private citizens. Patterns of injury will be explored, including injuries occurring from kinetic impact projectiles, conducted electrical weapons, and crowd dispersal agents, in addition to other less-common injury patterns encountered during periods of civil unrest.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Mitchell, O. Understanding police use of force via hospital administrative data: prospects and problems. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182231.Google Scholar
Garner, JH, Hickman, MJ, Malega, RW, Maxwell, CD. Progress toward national estimates of police use of force. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192932.Google Scholar
Lima, J. Mass. General deployed hazmat tent to treat tear gas victims as protests turned violent. 2020; www.boston25news.com/news/local/mass-general-deployed-hazmat-tent-treat-tear-gas-victims-protests-turned-violent/5G4IR3DRYFB7PG52DDB4T4CDLM/. Accessed May 25, 2022.Google Scholar
Lee Jenkins, J, Mason, M. Long, A Night in the emergency department during the Baltimore, Maryland (USA) riots. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):325326.Google Scholar
Harada, MY, Lara-Millan, A, Chalwell, LE. Policed patients: how the presence of law enforcement in the emergency department impacts medical care. Ann Emerg Med. 2021;78(6):738748.Google Scholar
Law enforcement information gathering in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(6):942943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strote, J, Hickman, MJ. Emergency department documentation of alleged police use of excessive force in cases where formal complaints are ultimately filed. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2018;39(4):309311.Google Scholar
Bozeman, WP, Stopyra, JP, Klinger, DA, Martin, BP, Graham, DD, Johnson, 3rd JC, Mahoney-Tresoriero, K, Vail, SJ. Injuries associated with police use of force. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(3):466472.Google Scholar
Castillo, EM, Prabhakar, N, Luu, B. Factors associated with law enforcement-related use-of-force injury. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(4):526531.Google Scholar
Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. After-action assessment of the police response to the August 2014 demonstrations in Ferguson, Missouri. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services; 2015.Google Scholar
Haar, RJ, Iacopino, V, Ranadive, N, Dandu, M, Weiser, SD. Death, injury and disability from kinetic impact projectiles in crowd-control settings: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12): e018154.Google Scholar
Kaske, EA, Cramer, SW, Pena Pino, I, et al. Injuries from less-lethal weapons during the George Floyd Protests in Minneapolis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):774775.Google Scholar
Lartizien, R, Schouman, T, Raux, M, Debelmas, A, Lanciaux-Lemoine, S, Chauvin, A, Toutee, A, Touitou, V, Bourges, J-L, Goudot, P, Bertolus, C, Foy, J-P. Yellow vests protests: facial injuries from rubber bullets. Lancet. 2019;394(10197):469470.Google Scholar
Brun, PM, Bessereau, J, Chenaitia, H, Barberis, C, Peyrol, M. Commotio cordis as a result of neutralization shot with the Flash Ball less-lethal weapon. Int J Cardiol. 2012;158(3):e4748.Google Scholar
Strasburger, JF, Maron, BJ. Commotio cordis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(16):1248–1248.Google Scholar
Bleetman, A, Steyn, R, Lee, C. Introduction of the Taser into British policing. Implications for UK emergency departments: an overview of electronic weaponry. Emerg Med J. 2004;21(2):136140.Google Scholar
Fish, RM, Geddes, LA. Effects of stun guns and tasers. Lancet. 2001;358(9283):687688.Google Scholar
Ordog, GJ, Wasserberger, J, Schlater, T, Balasubramanium, S. Electronic gun (Taser) injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16(1):7378.Google Scholar
MacDonald, JM, Kaminski, RJ, Smith, MR. The effect of less-lethal weapons on injuries in police use-of-force events. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(12):22682274.Google Scholar
Bozeman, WP, Teacher, E, Winslow, JE. Transcardiac conducted electrical weapon (TASER) probe deployments: incidence and outcomes. J Emerg Med. 2012;43(6):970975.Google Scholar
Vilke, G, Chan, T, Bozeman, WP, Childers, R. Emergency department evaluation after conducted energy weapon use: review of the literature for the clinician. J Emerg Med. 2019;57(5):740746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schep, LJ, Slaughter, RJ, McBride, DI. Riot control agents: the tear gases CN, CS and OC – A medical review. J R Army Med Corps. 2015;161(2):9499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haar, RJ, Iacopino, V, Ranadive, N, Weiser, SD, Dandu, M. Health impacts of chemical irritants used for crowd control: a systematic review of the injuries and deaths caused by tear gas and pepper spray. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):831.Google Scholar
Chapman, AJ, White, C. Death resulting from lacrimatory agents. J Forensic Sci. 1978;23(3):527530.Google Scholar
Lam, RPK, Wong, KW, Wan, CK. Allergic contact dermatitis and tracheobronchitis associated with repeated exposure to tear gas. Lancet. 2020;396(10247):e12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dimitroglou, Y, Rachiotis, G, Hadjichristodoulou, C. Exposure to the riot control agent CS and potential health effects: a systematic review of the evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(2):13971411.Google Scholar
Davey, A, Moppett, IK. Postoperative complications after CS spray exposure. Anaesthesia. 2004;59(12):12191220.Google Scholar
Stout, J. The history of the Molotov cocktail, an iconic weapon of underdogs. National Geographic 2022.Google Scholar
Nelson, S. Federal officers in Portland suffered 113 eye injuries from lasers, DHS official says. New York Post. 2020, August 4.Google Scholar
Mainster, MA, Stuck, BE, Brown, J, Jr. Assessment of alleged retinal laser injuries. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(8):12101217.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×