1 - Theoretical orientations

Summary

Three theories of quotation

If one were looking for a theory of quotation to describe the practice of Swiftian parody, it would be difficult to better this:

We now know that a text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God) but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash. The text is a tissue of quotations drawn from innumerable centres of culture. Similar to Bouvard and Pécuchet, those eternal copyists, at once sublime and comic and whose profound ridiculousness indicates precisely the truth of writing, the writer can only imitate a gesture that is always anterior, never original. His only power is to mix writings, to counter the ones with the others, in such a way as never to rest on any one of them.

Swift's parodic writing is restless, allusive, and eccentric, its status easily imagined as ‘a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash’, and as ‘a tissue of quotations drawn from innumerable centres of culture’. Swiftian narrators, ‘those eternal copyists’, are displaced from the authoritative centres of their texts, leaving a space that Swift fills only fugitively and problematically with his presence.