Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-11T13:38:12.386Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Resonant optical properties of nanoporous metal surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

By
Tatiana V. Teperik
Edited by
Alexei A. Maradudin
Tatiana V. Teperik
Affiliation:
Instituto de Optica, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Alexei A. Maradudin
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Get access

Summary

Introduction

The structuring of a metal at nanoscale dimensions results in novel optical properties that are not present for bulk metals. Metallic photonic crystals, metal-based structures with periodicities on the scale of the wavelength of light, have attracted particular attention due to their unique optical properties. Among the approaches taken to prepare a three-dimensional photonic crystal is to take advantage of the self-assembly of spheres from a colloidal solution. Spherical colloidal particles of polymers or silica with diameters ranging from 20 nm up to 1 μm and larger, with low coefficients of variation in their diameter, are readily available. The methods of producing monodispersive colloids are well discussed in ref. [1]. The importance and interest of these particles lies in the fact that it is possible to induce them into a close-packed structure analogous to an ordinary close-packed crystal. There are several methods for self-assembly of colloidal spheres, in particular, sedimentation, evaporation, and electrophoresis. These close-packed arrays of uniform particles offer an attractive and, in principle, simple means to template the three-dimensional structure of a variety of materials.

Generally, self-assembly is restricted to the formation of close-packed two-dimensional or three-dimensional assemblies of colloidal particles. However, the low cost and availability of a relatively easy protocol to obtain this type of photonic crystals, artificial opals, make the self-assembly technique very attractive and widely used. The next step in the development of this technique to prepare metallic photonic crystal is to infiltrate the sample with some appropriate material, removing the original structure, and obtaining in this way inverted opals.

Type
Chapter
Information
Structured Surfaces as Optical Metamaterials , pp. 28 - 57
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] Bardosova, M. and Tredgold, R. H., “Ordered layers of monodispersive colloids,” J. Mater. Chem. 12, 2835–2842 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2] Jiang, P., Cizeron, J., Bertone, J. F., and Colvin, V. L., “Preparation of macroporous metal films from colloidal crystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 7957–7958 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3] Velev, O. D., Tessier, P. M., Lenhoff, A. M., and Kaler, E. W., “A class of porous metallic nanostructures,” Nature 401, 548 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4] Kulinowski, K. M., Jiang, P., Vaswani, H., and Colvin, V. L., “Porous metals from colloidal templates,” Adv. Mater. 12, 833–838 (2000).3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] Tessier, P. M., Velev, O. D., Kalambur, A. T., Rabolt, J. F., Lenhoff, A. M., and Kaler, E. W., “Assembly of gold nanostructured films templated by colloidal crystals and used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 9554–9555 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6] Bartlett, P. N., Baumberg, J. J., Coyle, S., and Abdelsalam, M. E., “Optical properties of nanostructured metal films,” Faraday Discuss. 125, 117–132 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[7] Abdelsalam, M. E., Bartlett, P. N., Baumberg, J. J., and Coyle, S., “Preparation of arrays of isolated spherical cavities by self-assembly of polystyrene spheres on self-assembled pre-patterned macroporous films,” Adv. Mater. 16, 90–93 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8] Yu, X., Lee, Y.-J., Furstenberg, R., White, J. O., and Braun, P. V., “Filling fraction dependent properties of inverse opal metallic photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 19, 1689–1692 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9] Braun, P. V. and Wiltzius, P., “Microporous materials: electrochemically grown photonic crystals,” Nature 402, 603–604 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10] Zhou, Z. C. and Zhao, X. S., “3D macroporous photonic materials templated by self assembled colloidal spheres,” in Nanoporous Materials: Science and Engineering, vol. 4, eds. Lu, G. Q. and Zhao, X. S. (London: Imperial College Press, 2004), chap. 8.Google Scholar
[11] Kelf, T. A., Sugawara, Y., Cole, R. M.et al. “Localized and delocalized plasmons in metallic nanovoids,” Phys. Rev. B 74, 245415(1–12) (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12] Abdelsalam, M. E., Bartlett, P. N., Baumberg, J. J., Cintra, S., Kelf, T. A., and Russell, A. E., “Electrochemical SERS at a structured gold surface,” Electrochem. Commun. 7, 740–744 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13] Wood, R. W., “Anamolous diffraction grating,” Phys. Rev. 48, 928–936 (1935).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14] Raether, H., Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics 111 (Berlin: Springer, 1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15] Bohren, C. and Hufmann, D., Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (New York: J. Wiley, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[16] Stefanou, N., Yannopapas, V., and Modinos, A., “Heterostructures of photonic crystals: frequency bands and transmission coefficients,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 113, 49–77 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[17] Stefanou, N., Yannopapas, V., and Modinos, A., “MULTEM 2: a new version of the program for transmission and band-structure calculations of photonic crystals,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 132, 189–196 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18] Stefanou, N., Modinos, A., and Yannopapas, V., “Optical transparency of mesoporous metals,” Solid State Commun. 118, 69–73 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19] Teperik, T. V., Popov, V. V., and Abajo, F. J. García, “Void plasmons and total absorption of light in nanoporous metallic films,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 085408(1-9) (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20] Abajo, F. J. García, “Multiple scattering of radiation in clusters of dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. B 60 6086–6102 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21] Abajo, F. J. García, “Interaction of radiation and fast electrons with clusters of dielectrics: a multiple scattering approach,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2776–2779 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[22] Korringa, J., “On the calculation of the energy of a Bloch wave in a metal,” Physica 13, 392–400 (1947).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23] Kohn, W. and Rostoker, N., “Solution of the Schrödinger equation in periodic lattices with an application to metallic lithium,” Phys. Rev. 94, 1111–1120 (1954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[24] Weinstein, L. A., Open Resonators and Open Waveguides (New York: Golem, 1969).Google Scholar
[25] Teperik, T. V., Popov, V. V., and Abajo, F. J. García, “Radiative decay of plasmons in a metallic nanoshell,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 155402(1-7) (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[26] Agranovich, V. M. and Mills, D. L., eds. Surface Polaritons. Electromagnetic Waves at Surface and Interfaces (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982).Google Scholar
[27] Teperik, T. V., Popov, V. V., Abajo, F. J. García, Abdelsalam, M., Bartlett, P. N., Kelf, T. A., Sugawara, Y., and Baumberg, J. J., “Strong coupling of light to flat metals via a buried nanovoid lattice: the interplay of localized and free plasmons,” Opt. Express 14, 1965–1972 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[28] Teperik, T. V., Popov, V. V., Abajo, F. J. García, and Baumberg, J. J., “Tuneable coupling of surface plasmon-polaritons and Mie plasmons on a planar surface of nanoporous metal,” phys. stat. sol. (c) 2, 3912–3915 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[29] Teperik, T. V., Popov, V. V., Abajo, F. J. García, Kelf, T. A., Sugawara, Y., Baumberg, J. J., Abdelsalam, M., and Bartlett, P. N., “Mie plasmon enhanced diffraction of light from nanoporous metal surfaces,” Opt. Express 14, 11964–11971 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[30] Romero, I. and Abajo, F. J. García, “Plasmonics in buried structures,” Opt. Express 17, 18866–18877 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[31] Kelf, T. A., Sugawara, Y., Baumberg, J. J., Abdelsalam, M., and Bartlett, P. N., “Plasmonic band gaps and trapped plasmons on nanostructured metal surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 116802(1-4) (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[32] Dressel, M. and Grüner, G., Electrodynamics of Solids (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[33] Jackson, J. D., Classical Electrodynamics (New York: Wiley, 1999).Google Scholar
[34] Teperik, T. V., Popov, V. V., and Abajo, F. J. García, “Total light absorption in plasmonic nanostructures,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S458–S462 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[35] Hunderi, O. and Myers, H. P., “The optical absorption in partially disordered silver films,” J. Phys. F: Metal Phys. 3, 683–690 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[36] Hutley, M. C. and Maystre, D., “The total absorption of light by a diffraction grating,” Opt. Commun. 19, 431–436 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[37] Maystre, D. and Petit, R., “Brewster incidence for metallic gratings,” Opt. Commun. 17, 196–200 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[38] Mashev, L. B., Popov, E. K., and Loewen, E. G., “Total absorption of light by a sinusoidal grating near grazing incidence,” Appl. Opt. 27, 152–154 (1988).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[39] Popov, E. K., Mashev, L. B., and Loewen, E. G., “Total absorption of light by gratings in grazing incidence: a connection in the complex plane with other types of anomaly,” Appl. Opt. 28, 970–975 (1989).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[40] Popov, E., Tsonev, L., and Maystre, D., “Lamellar metallic grating anomalies,” Appl. Opt. 33, 5214–5219 (1994).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[41] Bonod, N., Tayeb, G., Maystre, D., Enoch, S., and Popov, E., “Total absorption of light by lamellar metallic gratings,” Opt. Express 16, 15431–15438 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[42] Derrick, G. H., McPhedran, R. C., Maystre, D., and Nevière, M., “Crossed gratings: a theory and its applications,” Appl. Phys. 18, 39–52 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[43] Tan, W.-C., Sambles, J. R., and Preist, T. W., “Double-period zero-order metal gratings as effective selective absorbers,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 13177–13182 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[44] Popov, E., Maystre, D., McPhedran, R. C., Nevière, M., Hutley, M. C., and Derrick, G. H., “Total absorption of unpolarized light by crossed gratings,” Opt. Express 16, 6146–6155 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[45] Bonod, N. and Popov, E., “Total light absorption in a wide range of incidence by nanostructured metals without plasmons,” Opt. Lett. 33, 2398–2400 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[46] Collin, S., Pardo, F., Teissier, R., and Pelouard, J.-L., “Efficient light absorption in metal – semiconductor – metal nanostructures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 194–196 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[47] Kachan, S., Stenzel, O., and Ponyavina, A., “High-absorbing gradient multilayer coatings with silver nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. B 84, 281–287 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[48] Bliokh, Y. P., Felsteiner, J., and Slutsker, Y. Z., “Total absorption of an electromagnetic wave by an overdense plasma,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 165003(1-4) (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[49] Kreiter, M., Oster, J., Sambles, R., Herminghaus, S., Mittler-Neher, S., and Knoll, W., “Thermally induced emission of light from a metallic diffraction grating mediated by surface plasmons,” Opt. Commun. 200, 117–122 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[50] Laroche, M., Arnold, C., Marquier, F., Carminati, R., Greffet, J. J., Collin, S., Bardou, N., and Pelouard, J.-L., “Highly directional radiation generated by tungsten thermal source,” Opt. Lett. 30, 2623–2625 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[51] Greffet, J.-J., Carminati, R., Joulain, K., Mulet, J.-P., Mainguy, S., and Chen, Y., “Coherent emission of light by thermal sources,” Nature 416, 61–64 (2002).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[52] Marquier, F., Joulain, K., Mulet, J.-P., Carminati, R., Greffet, J. J., and Chen, Y., “Coherent spontaneous emission of light by thermal sources,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 155412(1-11) (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[53] Marquier, F., Laroche, M., Carminati, R., and Greffet, J.-J., “Anisotropic polarized emission of a doped silicon lamellar grating,” J. Heat Trans. 129, 11–16 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[54] Petit, R., Electromagnetic Theory Of Gratings (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[55] Loewen, E. G. and Popov, E., Diffraction Gratings And Applications (New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1997) chap. 8, p. 298.Google Scholar
[56] Teperik, T. V., Abajo, F. J. García, Borisov, A. G., Abdelsalam, M., Bartlett, P. N., Sugawara, Y., and Baumberg, J. J., “Omnidirectional absorption in nanostructured metal surfaces,” Nature Photon. 2, 299–301 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[57] Borisov, A. G. and Shabanov, S. V., “Lanczos pseudospectral method for initial-value problems in electrodynamics and its applications to ionic crystal gratings,” J. Comput. Phys. 209, 643–664 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[58] Borisov, A. G., Abajo, F. J. García, and Shabanov, S. V., “Role of electromagnetic trapped modes in extraordinary transmission in nanostructured materials,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 075408(1-7) (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[59] Gippius, N. A., Tikhodeev, S. G., and Ishihara, T., “Optical properties of photonic crystal slabs with an asymmetrical unit cell,” Phys. Rev. B 72, 045138(1-7) (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[60] Lippmann, B. A. and Schwinger, J., “Variational principles for scattering processes. I,” Phys. Rev. 79, 469–480 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[61] Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M., Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981).Google Scholar
[62] Johnson, P. B. and Christy, R. W., “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[63] Prodan, E., Nordlander, P., and Halas, N. J., “Effects of dielectric screening on the optical properties of metallic nanoshells,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 368, 94–101 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[64] Lal, S., Link, S., and Halas, N. J., “Nano-optics from sensing to waveguiding,” Nature Photon. 1, 641–648 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[65] Reif, F., Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×