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8 - Mechanical devices and systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

I. R. Walker
I. R. Walker
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Introduction

Mechanisms in general are a notorious source of reliability problems. This chapter deals with mechanical devices and systems (broadly construed) that are of particular concern in experimental work. The former include precision mechanisms, static and dynamic vacuum seals, and valves. A brief discussion of devices for preventing mechanical overtravel and overload is also included.

Mechanical devices that are used under extreme conditions (e.g. in ultrahigh-vacuum and cryogenic environments) often suffer from friction and wear problems due to a lack of lubrication. A section of the chapter is devoted to lubricants (and especially dry lubricants and self-lubricating solids) that are useful under such conditions.

Water-cooling systems are a common source of trouble in apparatus ranging from small-scale tabletop equipment (e.g. lasers) to large particle accelerators. Such problems include leaks, cooling-line blockages, corrosion, and condensation. These issues, and others, are discussed below.

Mechanical vacuum pumps are dealt with in Chapter 7, while electrical connectors and cables (which are partly mechanical devices) are discussed in Chapter 12.

Mechanical devices

Overview of conditions that reduce reliability

Some agents and environmental conditions that tend to diminish the reliability of mechanical parts and systems are as follows.

  1. (a) Particulate matter such as dust and grit can be very harmful to mechanical devices. It leads to accelerated wear and damage of moving parts (especially antifriction bearings, such as ball bearings), leaks in sealing devices, a decrease in the accuracy of precision mechanisms, and instabilities in mechanical assemblies requiring accurate registration of surfaces.

  2. (b) Moisture (including high humidity) causes corrosion and promotes biological growth (i.e. mold and fungi, which can release corrosive chemicals), degrades lubricants, and holds particulate matter that would otherwise escape on surfaces. […]

Type
Chapter
Information
Reliability in Scientific Research
Improving the Dependability of Measurements, Calculations, Equipment, and Software
 , pp. 218 - 284
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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