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This third part is the core of the book and is largely about abstraction. As mentioned in Chapter 1, the evolution of programming languages is essentially about understanding various aspects of abstraction and here we look in depth at the facilities for data abstraction, object oriented programming and programming by contract.
Chapter 12 shows how packages and private types are the keystone of Ada and can be used to control visibility by giving a client and server different views of an object. This chapter also introduces the simplest ideas of type derivation and inheritance and the very important notion of a limited type which is a type (strictly a view of a type) for which copying is not permitted. Limited types are important for modelling those real-world objects for which copying is inappropriate. Chapter 13 then discusses the hierarchical library structure and the facilities for separate compilation. As mentioned earlier, these enable a program to be compiled in distinct units without any loss of strong typing between units.
A third complete program follows Chapters 12 and 13 and illustrates the use of the hierarchical library in the construction of an abstract data type and associated operations.
The basic facilities for object oriented programming are then introduced in Chapter 14. This covers type extension and inheritance, dynamic polymorphism, dispatching, class wide types, abstract types and interfaces.
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