Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T01:46:49.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Performance of International Criminal Courts and Tribunals

from Part I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2018

By
Nobuo Hayashi
Edited by
Theresa Squatrito ,
Oran R. Young ,
Andreas Follesdal  and
Geir Ulfstein
Theresa Squatrito
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Oran R. Young
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Barbara
Andreas Follesdal
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Oslo
Geir Ulfstein
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Oslo
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Performance of International Courts and Tribunals , pp. 154 - 190
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akande, Dapo. 2004. “International Law Immunities and the International Criminal Court,” American Journal of International Law 98(3): 407–433.Google Scholar
Akande, Dapo. 2009a. “Sources of International Criminal Law,” in Cassese, Antonio, Acquaviva, Guido, and Akande, Dapo et al. (eds.), The Oxford Companion to International Criminal Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 41–53.Google Scholar
Akande, Dapo. 2009b. “The Legal Nature of Security Council Referrals to the ICC and Its Impact on Al Bashir’s Immunities,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 7(2): 333–352.Google Scholar
Aksenova, Marina. 2015. “The Specific Direction Requirement for Aiding and Abetting: A Call for Revisiting Comparative Criminal Law,” Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law 4(1): 88–107.Google Scholar
Alamuddin, Amal and Webb, Philippa. 2010. “Expanding Jurisdiction over War Crimes under Article 8 of the ICC Statute,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 8(5): 1219–1243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambos, Kai. 2014. Treatise on International Criminal Law. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Appel, Benjamin J. 2016. “In the Shadow of the International Criminal Court: Does the ICC Deter Human Rights Violations?,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 60: 1–26.Google Scholar
Arajärvi, Noora. 2014. The Changing Nature of Customary International Law: Methods of Interpreting the Concept of Custom in International Criminal Tribunals. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bachmann, Klaus and Fatić, Aleksandar. 2015. The UN International Criminal Tribunals: Transition without Justice? Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bartels, Rogier. 2017. “Legitimacy and ICC Jurisdiction Following Security Council Referrals: Conduct on the Territory of Non-Party States and the Legality Principle,” in Hayashi, Nobuo, Bailliet, Cecilia. M., and Nicholson, Joanna (eds.), The Legitimacy of International Criminal Tribunals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bennouna, Mohamed. 2002. “The Statute’s Rules on Crimes and Existing or Developing International Law,” in Cassese, Antonio, Gaeta, Paola, and Jones, John R. W. D. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1101–1107.Google Scholar
Blank, Laurie R. 2012. “Operational Law Experts Roundtable on the Gotovina Judgment: Military Operations, Battlefield Reality and the Judgment’s Impact on Effective Implementation and Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law,” Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series Research Paper No. 12–186. Atlanta: Emory University School of Law.Google Scholar
Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja. 2000. “Commentary: The Yugoslavia Tribunal and the Common Core of Humanitarian Law Applicable to All Armed Conflicts,” Leiden Journal of International Law 13(3): 619–653.Google Scholar
Bogoeva, Julija. 2016. “International Judges and Government Interests: The Case of President Meron,” FICHL Policy Brief Series No. 48 (2016).Google Scholar
Bohlander, Michael (ed.), 2007. International Criminal Justice: A Critical Analysis of Institutions and Procedures. London: Cameron May.Google Scholar
Boyle, Alan and Chinkin, Christine. 2006. The Making of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, Curtis A. 2016. “Customary International Law Adjudication as Common Law Adjudication,” in Bradley, Curtis A. (ed.), Custom’s Future International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 34–61.Google Scholar
Bufalini, Alessandro. 2015. “The Principle of Legality and the Role of Customary International Law in the Interpretation of the ICC Statute,” Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 14(2): 233–254.Google Scholar
Cançado, Trindade, Augusto, Antônio. 2010. International Law for Humankind: Towards a New Jus Gentium. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Cassese, Antonio 1999. “The Statute of the International Criminal Court: Some Preliminary Reflections,” European Journal of International Law 10(1): 144–171.Google Scholar
Cassese, Antonio and Gaeta, P. 2013. Cassese’s International Criminal Law. 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Choi, Jonathan H. 2014. “Early Release in International Criminal Law,” Yale Law Journal 123(6): 1784–1828.Google Scholar
Clark, Janine Natalya. 2013. “Courting Controversy: The ICTY’s Acquittal of Croatian Generals Gotovina and Markač,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 11(2): 399–423.Google Scholar
Clark, Janine Natalya. 2014. International Trials and Reconciliation: Assessing the Impact of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clark, Janine Natalya. 2015. “‘Specific Direction’ and the Fragmentation of International Jurisprudence on Aiding and Abetting: Perišić and Beyond,” International Criminal Law Review 15(3): 411–451.Google Scholar
Corn, Geoffrey S. and Corn, Gary P. 2012. “The Law of Operational Targeting: Viewing the LOAC Through an Operational Lens,” Texas International Law Journal 47(2): 337–380.Google Scholar
Cryer, Robert. 2005–2006. “Prosecutor v. Galić and the War Crime of Terror Bombing,” Israel Defense Forces Law Review 2: 75–101.Google Scholar
Cryer, Robert. 2009. “Royalism and the King: Article 21 of the Rome Statute and the Politics of Sources,” New Criminal Law Review 12(3): 390–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cryer, Robert. 2010. “The Ad Hoc Tribunals and the Law of Command Responsibility: A Quiet Earthquake,” in Darcy, Shane and Powderly, Joseph (eds.), Judicial Creativity at the International Criminal Tribunals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 159–183.Google Scholar
Cryer, Robert. 2012. “International Criminal Justice in Historical Context: The Post-Second World War Trials and Modern International Criminal Justice,” in Boas, Gideon, Schabas, William A., and Scharf, Michael P. (eds.), International Criminal Justice: Legitimacy and Coherence. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 145–189.Google Scholar
Cryer, Robert. 2015. “The ICC and Its Relationship to Non-States Parties,” in Stahn, Carsten (ed.), The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 260–280.Google Scholar
Cryer, Robert, Friman, Hakan, Robinson, Darryl, and Wilmshurst, Elizabeth (eds.). 2010. An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Damaska, Mirjan R. 2008. “What Is the Point of International Criminal Justice?,” Chicago-Kent Law Review 83(1): 329–365.Google Scholar
Danner, Allison Marston. 2006. “When Courts Make Law: How the International Criminal Tribunals Recast the Laws of War,” Vanderbilt Law Review 59(1): 1–65.Google Scholar
Darcy, Shane. 2003. “The Evolution of the Law of Belligerent Reprisals,” Military Law Review 175: 184–251.Google Scholar
Darcy, Shane. 2010. “Bridging the Gaps in the Law of Armed Conflict? International Criminal Tribunals and the Development of Humanitarian Law,” in Quénivet, Noëlle and Shah-Davis, Shilan (eds.), International Law and Armed Conflict: Challenges in the 21st Century. The Hague: T. M. C. Asser Press, pp. 319–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darcy, Shane. 2014. “Assistance, Direction and Control: Untangling International Judicial Opinion on Individual and State Responsibility for War Crimes by Non-State Actors,” International Review of the Red Cross 96(893): 243–273.Google Scholar
DeGuzman, Margaret McAuliffe. 2008. “Applicable Law: Article 21,” in Triffterer, Otto (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers’ Notes, Article by Article. 2nd edn. Baden-Baden: C. H. Beck Hart Nomos, pp. 435–446.Google Scholar
Dietrich, John. 2014. “The Limited Prospects of Deterrence by the International Criminal Court: Lessons from Domestic Experience,” International Social Science Review 88(3): 1–26.Google Scholar
Dörmann, Knut. 2003. “War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, with a Special Focus on the Negotiations on the Elements of Crimes,” Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law 7: 341–407.Google Scholar
Drumbl, Mark A. 2007. Atrocity, Punishment and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Duffy, Helen. 2015. The “War on Terror” and the Framework of International Law. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fichtelverg, Aaron. 2008. “Liberal Values in International Criminal Law: A Critique of Erdemovic,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 6(1): 3–19.Google Scholar
Fischer, Martina and Simić, Olivera (eds.), 2016. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation: Lessons from the Balkans. Abington: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fletcher, George P. and Ohlin, Jens David. 2005. “Reclaiming Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law in the Darfur Case,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 3(3): 539–561.Google Scholar
Gaeta, Paola. 1999. “The Defence of Superior Orders: The Statute of the International Criminal Court versus Customary International Law,” European Journal of International Law 10(1): 172–191.Google Scholar
Gaeta, Paola. 2009. “Does President Al Bashir Enjoy Immunity from Arrest?,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 7(2): 315–332.Google Scholar
Gillett, Matthew and Schuster, Matthias. 2011. “Fast-Track Justice: The Special Tribunal for Lebanon Defines Terrorism,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 9(5): 989–1020.Google Scholar
Graf, Roman. 2012. “The International Criminal Court and Child Soldiers: An Appraisal of the Lubanga Judgment,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 10(4): 945–969.Google Scholar
Greenawalt, Alexander K. A. 2014. “International Criminal Law for Retributivists,” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 35(4): 969–1044.Google Scholar
Greenwood, Christopher. 1989. “The Twilight of the Law of Belligerent Reprisals,” Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 20: 35–69.Google Scholar
Greenwood, Christopher. 2006. “Belligerent Reprisals in the Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia,” in Greenwood, Christopher (ed.), Essays on War in International Law. London: Cameron May, pp. 331–351.Google Scholar
Grover, Leena. 2010. “A Call to Arms: Fundamental Dilemmas Confronting the Interpretation of Crimes in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,” European Journal of International Law 21(3): 543–583.Google Scholar
Guibert, Nulwenn and Blumenstock, Tilman. 2007. “The First Judgment of the Special Court for Sierra Leone: A Missed Opportunity?,” The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 6(3): 367–391.Google Scholar
Günther, Klaus. 2011. “Beyond Dispute: International Judicial Institutions as Lawmakers: Judicial Lawmaking, Discourse Theory, and the ICTY on Belligerent Reprisals,” German Law Journal 12(5): 1261–1278.Google Scholar
Guzman, Andrew T. and Hsiang, Jerome. 2016. “Reinvigorating Customary International Law,” in Bradley, Curtis A. (ed.), Custom’s Future: International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 275–304.Google Scholar
Hakimi, Monica. 2016. “Custom’s Method and Process: Lessons from Humanitarian Law,” in Bradley, Curtis A. (ed.), Custom’s Future: International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 148–171.Google Scholar
Haque, Adil Ahmad. 2005. “Group Violence and Group Vengeance: Toward a Retributivist Theory of International Criminal Law,” Buffalo Criminal Law Review 9(1): 272–328.Google Scholar
Harhoff, Frederik. 2016. “Mystery Lane: A Note on Independence and Impartiality in International Criminal Trials,” FICHL Policy Brief Series No. 47 (2016).Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1994. The Concept of Law. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hayashi, Nobuo. 2009. “Critical Essays: Eve La Haye on War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts,” Nordic Journal of Human Rights 27(3): 357–365.Google Scholar
Hayashi, Nobuo. 2017a. “Is the Yugoslav Tribunal Guilty of Hyper-Humanising International Humanitarian Law?,” in Hayashi, Nobuo, Bailliet, Cecilia M., and Nicholson, Joanna (eds.), The Legitimacy of International Criminal Tribunals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hayashi, Nobuo. 2017b. Military Necessity. Leiden: Leiden University Repository.Google Scholar
Heinsch, Robert. 2010. “The Crime of Aggression After Kampala: Success or Burden for the Future?,” Goettingen Journal of International Law 2(2): 713–743.Google Scholar
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Doswald-Beck, Louise. 2005. Customary International Humanitarian Law: Volume I: Rules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, Rosalyn. 1998. “The International Court of Justice and Human Rights,” in Wellens, Karel (ed.), International Law: Theory and Practice: Essays in Honour of Eric Suy. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 691–706.Google Scholar
Huffman, Walter B. 2012. “Margin of Error: Potential Pitfalls of the Rulings in The Prosecutor v. Ante Gotovina,” Military Law Review 211: 1–56.Google Scholar
Hunt, David. 2004. “The International Criminal Court: High Hopes, ‘Creative Ambiguity’ and an Unfortunate Mistrust in International Judges,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 2(1): 56–70.Google Scholar
International Law Commission. 2002. Rapport final sur la succession en matière de traités.Google Scholar
Jo, Hyeran, Radtke, Mitchell, and Simmons, Beth A. 2018. “Assessing the International Criminal Court,” Chapter 6 in this volume.Google Scholar
Jurdi, Nidal Nabil. 2014. “The Crime of Terrorism in Lebanese and International Law,” in Alamuddin, Amal, Jurdi, Nidal Nabil, and Tolbert, David (eds.), The Special Tribunal for Lebanon: Law and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 73–87.Google Scholar
Kalshoven, Frits. 1990. “Belligerent Reprisals Revisited,” Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 21: 43–80.Google Scholar
Kalshoven, Frits. 2003. “Reprisals and the Protection of Civilians: Two Recent Decision of the Yugoslav Tribunal,” in Vohrah, Lal Chand, Pocar, Fausto, Featherstone, Yvonne, Fourmy, Olivier, Graham, Christine, and Hocking, John et al. (eds.), Man’s Inhumanity to Man: Essays on International Law in Honour of Antonio Cassese. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 481–510.Google Scholar
Kamminga, Menno T. 1996. “State Succession in Respect of Human Rights Treaties,” European Journal of International Law 7(4): 469–484.Google Scholar
Kamminga, Menno T. 2005. Preliminary Report “Human Rights Treaties and State Succession”. Strasbourg: European Commission for Democracy Through Law.Google Scholar
Kelder, Jessica M., Holá, Barbora, and van Wijk, Joris. 2014. “Rehabilitation and Early Release of Perpetrators of International Crimes: A Case Study of the ICTY and ICTR,” International Criminal Law Review 14(6): 1177–1203.Google Scholar
Kirakosyan, Yeghishe. 2012. “Finding Custom: The ICJ and the International Criminal Courts and Tribunals Compared,” in Van den Herik, Larissa and Stahn, Carsten (eds.), The Diversification and Fragmentation of International Criminal Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 149–162.Google Scholar
Kirgis, Frederic L. 1987. “Custom on a Sliding Scale,” American Journal of International Law 81(1): 146–151.Google Scholar
Kirsch, Philippe. 2006. “Customary International Humanitarian Law, Its Enforcement, and the Role of the International Criminal Court,” in Maybee, Larry and Chakka, Benarji (eds.), Custom as a Source of International Humanitarian Law: Proceedings of the Conference to Mark the Publication of the ICRC Study “Customary International Humanitarian Law.” New Delhi: International Committee of the Red Cross, pp. 79–85.Google Scholar
Kiyani, Asad G. 2013. “Al-Bashir & the ICC: The Problem of Head of State Immunity,” Chinese Yearbook of International Law 12(3): 467–508.Google Scholar
Kolb, Robert. 2013. “The Main Epochs of Modern International Humanitarian Law Since 1864 and Their Related Dominant Legal Constructions,” in Larsen, Kjetil Mujezinovic, Cooper, Camilla Guldahl, and Nystuen, Gro (eds.), Searching for a “Principle of Humanity” in International Humanitarian Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 23–71.Google Scholar
Kolb, Robert. 2014. “The Jurisprudence of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Criminal Tribunals on Their Jurisdiction and on International Crimes (2004–2014),” British Yearbook of International Law 84(1): 131–186.Google Scholar
Krieger, Heike. 2012. “Cases of State Succession, State Responsibility and Outbreak of Hostilities,” in Dörr, Oliver and Schmalenbach, Kirsten (eds.), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary. Berlin: Springer, pp. 1239–1266.Google Scholar
Kreß, Claus. 2009. “The Crime of Genocide and Contextual Elements: A Comment on the ICC Pre-Trial Chamber’s Decision in the Al-Bashir Case,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 7(2): 297–306.Google Scholar
Ku, Julian and Nzelibe, Jide. 2006. “Do International Criminal Tribunals Deter or Exacerbate Humanitarian Atrocities?,” Washington University Law Review 84(4): 777–833.Google Scholar
La Haye, Eve. 2008. War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lepard, Brian D. 2016. “Customary International Law as a Dynamic Process,” in Bradley, Curtis A. (ed.), Custom’s Future: International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 62–94.Google Scholar
Matheson, Michael J. 1987. “Session One: The United States Position on the Relation of Customary International Law to the 1977 Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions: Remarks of Michael J. Matheson,” American University Journal of International Law and Policy 2(2): 419–431.Google Scholar
McCormack, Tim L. H. and Robertson, Susan. 1999. “Jurisdictional Aspects of the Rome Statute for the New International Criminal Court,” Melbourne University Law Review 23(3): 635–667.Google Scholar
McDermott, Yvonne. 2016. Fairness in International Criminal Trials. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk. 1998. “The Eleventh Annual Waldemar A. Solf Lecture: The Changing Nature of the Laws of War,” Military Law Review 156: 30–51.Google Scholar
McBride, Julie. 2014. The War Crime of Child Soldiers Recruitment. The Hague: Asser Press.Google Scholar
Melzer, Nils. 2009. Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross.Google Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 1991. Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 1995. “International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities,” American Journal of International Law 89(3): 554–577.Google Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 1998a. “The Hague Tribunal: Working to Clarify International Humanitarian Law,” American University International Law Review 13(6): 1511–1518.Google Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 1998b. “War Crimes Law Comes of Age,” American Journal of International Law 92(3): 462–468.Google Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 2014. “Customary Humanitarian Law Today: From the Academy to the Courtroom,” in Clapham, Andrew and Gaeta, Paola (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 37–49.Google Scholar
Mettraux, Gunénaël. 2005. International Crimes and the Ad Hoc Tribunals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Milanovic, Marko. 2011. “Is the Rome Statute Binding on Individuals? (And Why We Should Care),” Journal of International Criminal Justice 9(1): 25–52.Google Scholar
Ministère de la défense de la République français. 2012. Manuel de droit des conflits armés. Paris: Ministère de la defense.Google Scholar
Moir, Lindsay. 2005. “Towards the Unification of International Humanitarian Law?,” in Burchill, Richard, White, Nigel D., and Morris, Justin (eds.), International Conflict and Security Law: Essays in Memory of Hilaire McCoubrey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 108–128.Google Scholar
Murphy, Peter W. 2000. “Judging War Criminals (book review),” Texas International Law Journal 35(2): 325–333.Google Scholar
Neuner, Matthias. 2002. “The Power of International Criminal Tribunals to Produce Evidence,” in Roggemann, Herwig and Šarčević, Petar (eds.), National Security and International Criminal Justice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 163–191.Google Scholar
Newman, Stephen C. 2000. “Duress as a Defense to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity – Prosecutor v. Drazen Erdemovic,” Military Law Review 166: 158–171.Google Scholar
Newton, Michael A. 2010. “Reconsidering Reprisals,” Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 20(3): 361–388.Google Scholar
Nicholson, Joanna. 2017. Fighting and Victimhood in International Criminal Law. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Office of General Counsel. 2015. Department of Defense Law of War Manual. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense.Google Scholar
Ochoa, Christiana. 2007. “The Individual and Customary International Law Formation,” Virginia Journal of International Law 48(1): 119–186.Google Scholar
O’Donohue, Jonathan. 2015. “The ICC and the ASP,” in Stahn, Carsten (ed.), The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 105–138.Google Scholar
Orakhelashvili, Alexander. 2008. “Review of Books: Perspectives on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law and The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law,” British Yearbook of International law 79(1): 371–378.Google Scholar
Orentlicher, Diane F. 2008. Shrinking the Space for Denial: The Impact of the ICTY in Serbia. New York: Open Society institute.Google Scholar
Orie, Alphons M. M. 2012. “Stare Decisis in the ICTY Appeal System? Successor Responsibility in the Hadžihasanović Case,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 10(3): 635–644.Google Scholar
Quéquiner, Jean-François. 2008. “The Principle of Distinction: Beyond an Obligation of Customary International Humanitarian Law,” in Hensel, Howard M. (ed.), The Legitimate Use of Military Force: The Just War Tradition and the Customary Law of Armed Conflict. Hampshire, Burlington: Ashgate, pp. 161–187.Google Scholar
Rasulov, Akbar. 2003. “Revisiting State Succession to Humanitarian Treaties: Is There a Case for Automaticity?,” European Journal of International Law 14(1): 141–170.Google Scholar
Reeves, Shane R. and Thurnher, Jeffrey S. 2013. “Are We Reaching a Tipping Point? How Contemporary Challenges Are Affecting the Military Necessity-Humanity Balance,” Harvard National Security Journal Features: 1–12.Google Scholar
Robinson, Darryl. 2001. “The Elements for Crimes Against Humanity: Introduction,” in Lee, Roy S. and Friman, Hakan (eds.), The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, pp. 57–61.Google Scholar
Ryngaert, Cedric. 2015. Jurisdiction in International Law. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sadat, Leila. 2000. “Custom, Codification and Some Thoughts about the Relationship between the Two: Article 10 of the ICC Statute,” De Paul Law Review 49(4): 909–923.Google Scholar
Saul, Ben. 2012. “Civilizing the Exception: Universally Defining Terrorism,” in Masferrer, Aniceto (ed.), Post 9/11 and the State of Permanent Emergency: Security and Human Rights in Countering Terrorism. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 79–100.Google Scholar
Schabas, William A. 2007. The UN International Criminal Tribunals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schabas, William A. 2008. “State Policy as an Element of International Crimes,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 98(3): 953–982.Google Scholar
Schabas, William A. 2009. “Customary Law or ‘Judge-Made’ Law: Judicial Creativity at the UN Criminal Tribunals,” in Doria, José, Gasser, Hans-Peter, and Bassiouni, M. Cherif (eds.), The Legal Regime of the International Criminal Court: Essays in Honour of Professor Igor Blishchenko. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 77–101.Google Scholar
Schabas, William A. 2011. An Introduction to the International Criminal Court. 4th edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scharf, Michael P. 2011. “Special Tribunal for Lebanon Issues Landmark Ruling on Definition of Terrorism and Modes of Participation,” ASIL Insights 15(6).Google Scholar
Schlütter, Birgit. 2010. Developments in Customary International Law: Theory and the Practice of the International Court of Justice and the International ad hoc Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and Yugoslavia. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. 2010. “Military Necessity and Humanity in International Humanitarian Law: Preserving the Delicate Balance,” Virginia Journal of International Law 50(4): 795–839.Google Scholar
Schomburg, Wolfgang. 2009. “The Role of International Criminal Tribunals in Promoting Respect for Fair Trial Rights,” Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights 8(1): 1–29.Google Scholar
Secretary-General of the United Nations. 1993. Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council Resolution 808 (1993). S/25704, May 3, 1993.Google Scholar
Shahabuddeen, Mohamed. 1996. Precedent in the World Court. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shahabuddeen, Mohamed. 2004. “Does the Principle of Legality Stand in the Way of Progressive Development of Law?,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 2(4): 1007–1017.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Martin. 1981. Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Skordas, Achilles. 2003. “Hegemonic Custom?,” in Byers, Michael and Nolte, Georg (eds.). United States Hegemony and the Foundation of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 317–347.Google Scholar
Sluiter, Göran. 2004. “Judicial Assistance,” in Klip, André and Sluiter, Göran (eds.), Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 2001, Vol. 7. Antwerp: Intersentia, pp. 243–247.Google Scholar
Sluiter, Göran. 2010. “Procedural Lawmaking at the International Criminal Tribunals,” in Darcy, Shane and Powderly, Joseph (eds.), Judicial Creativity at the International Criminal Tribunals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 315–331.Google Scholar
Smith, Alison. 2004. “Child Recruitment and the Special Court for Sierra Leone,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 2(4): 1141–1153.Google Scholar
Sofaer, Abraham D. 1987. “The Position of the United States on Current Law of War Agreements: Remarks of Judge Abraham D. Sofaer, Legal Adviser, United States Department of State, January 22, 1987,” American University Journal of International Law and Policy 2(2): 460–471.Google Scholar
Solis, Gary D. 2013. “The Gotovina Acquittal: A Sound Appellate Course Correction,” Military Law Review 215: 78–107.Google Scholar
Stato Maggiore della Difesa. 1991. Manuale di diritto umanitario. SMD-G-014. Rome: Stato Maggiore della Difesa.Google Scholar
Stewart, James. 2003. “Towards a Single Definition of Armed Conflict in International Humanitarian Law: A Critique of International Armed Conflict,” International Review of the Red Cross 850: 313–350.Google Scholar
Swart, Mia. 2002. “Ad Hoc Rules for Ad Hoc Tribunals? The Rule-Making Power of the Judges of the ICTY and ICTR,” South African Journal on Human Rights 18(4): 570–589.Google Scholar
Swart, Mia. 2010. “Judicial Lawmaking at the ad hoc Tribunals: The Creative Use of the Sources of International Law and ‘Adventurous Interpretation’,” Heidelberg Journal of International Law 70: 459–486.Google Scholar
Turns, David. 1998. “The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: The Erdemovic Case,” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 47(2): 461–474.Google Scholar
UK Ministry of Defence. 2004. The Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vallentgoed, Darren. 2013. “The Last Round? A Post-Gotovina Reassessment of the Legality of Using Artillery Against Built-Up Areas,” Journal of Conflict & Security Law 18(1): 25–57.Google Scholar
Van den Herik, Larissa. 2010. “Using Custom to Reconceptualize Crimes Crimes Against Humanity,” in Darcy, Shane and Powderly, Joseph (eds.), Judicial Creativity at the International Criminal Tribunals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 80–105.Google Scholar
Van den Herik, Larissa. 2016. “The Decline of Customary International Law as a Source of International Criminal Law,” in Bradley, Curtis A. (ed.), Custom’s Future: International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 230–252.Google Scholar
Van Schaack, Beth. 2008. “Crimen Sene Lege: Judicial Lawmaking at the Intersection of Law and Morals,” The Georgetown Law Journal 97(1): 119–192.Google Scholar
Vasiliev, Sergey. 2016. “The Making of International Criminal Law,” in Brölmann, Catherine and Radi, Yannick (eds.), Research Handbook on the Theory and Practice of International Lawmaking. Glos: Edward Elgar, pp. 354–394.Google Scholar
Ventura, Manuel J. 2011. “Terrorism According to the STL’s Interlocutory Decision on the Applicable Law: A Defining Moment or a Moment of Defining?,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 9(5): 1021–1042.Google Scholar
Ventura, Manuel J. 2014. “Farewell ‘Specific Direction’: Aiding and Abetting War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity in Perišić, Tayor, Šainović et al., and US Alien Tort Statute Jurisprudence,” in Casey-Maslen, Stuart (ed.), The War Report: Armed Conflict in 2013. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 511–553.Google Scholar
Villiger, Mark E. 1985. Customary International Law and Treaties: A Study of Their Interaction and Interrelations with Special Consideration of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Vité, Sylvain. 2012. “Between Consolidation and Innovation: The International Criminal Court’s Trial Chamber Judgment in the Lubanga Case,” Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 15: 61–85.Google Scholar
Von Hebel, Herman and Robinson, Darryl. 1999. “Crimes within the Jurisdiction of the Court,” in Lee, Roy S. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute: Issues, Negotiations, Results. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 79–126.Google Scholar
Wagner, Natalie. 2013. “A Critical Assessment of Using Children to Participate Actively in Hostilities in Lubanga,” Criminal Law Forum 24(2): 145–203.Google Scholar
Wedgwood, Ruth. 1998. “Case Analysis: International Criminal Tribunals and State Sources of Proof: The Case of Tihomir Blaškić,” Leiden Journal of International Law 11(3): 635–654.Google Scholar
Werle, Gerhard and Jessberger, Florian. 2014. Principles of International Criminal Law. 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wierda, Marieke and Triolo, Anthony. 2012. “Resources,” in Reydams, Luc, Wouters, Jan, and Ryngaert, Cedric (eds.), International Prosecutors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 113–170.Google Scholar
Wippman, David. 2006. “The Costs of International Justice,” American Journal of International Law 100(4): 861–881.Google Scholar
Wilson, Richard Ashby. 2005. “Writing History: The Historical Record of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia,” Human Rights Quarterly 27(3): 908–942.Google Scholar
Wilson, Richard Ashby. 2011. Writing History in International Criminal Tribunals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wouters, Jan and Hamid, Linda. 2016. “Custom and Informal International Lawmaking,” in Bradley, Curtis A. (ed.), Custom’s Future: International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 332–359.Google Scholar
Zacklin, Ralph. 2004. “The Failings of Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 2(2): 541–545.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Andreas. 2006. “State Succession in Treaties,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×