Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T12:00:01.618Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Historic Reenactments in Contemporary Spain: Fiestas de moros y cristianos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2023

Aneta Pavlenko
Affiliation:
University of York
Get access

Summary

Spain is known for having multiple languages that coexist in different geographical regions with varying degrees of political and social recognition. At the same time, Spanish historiography, argues historian García Sanjuán (2012), has been dominated by the nationalist discourse that systematically distorts the past to construct a “Spanish” and an “Andalusian” identity predicated on the exclusion of anything associated with the Arabic language and Islam, all the while the tourism sector commodifies the “exotic” Arabic past. One of the key settings that distorts and reinvents the past are the festivals of moros y cristianos, Moors and Christians. Claiming to be true and faithful retellings of history, these festivals invoke a popular memory of the imagined past, while interlacing and mixing events from multiple time periods, from the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 to the so-called Christian reconquest, presented as an essential battle between Christianity and the Muslim invaders. In this article, I analyze one of the more popular and historically significant of these festivals, celebrated in the outpost village of Carboneras. I show that the festivals of moros y cristianos help engrain the legitimacy of nationalist ideas that seek to generate a specific hegemonic identity grounded in an affirmation of the Roman-Latin-Christian vision of the past. The language utilized in the festivals is purposefully selected to elevate and justify the actions and attitudes of the Christians and to amalgamate the identity of Moriscos, whose families had lived in these lands for centuries with that of moros from across the Mediterranean. The reenactments that skillfully play with, confuse, and obscure several periods in Spain’s history are a theatrical mirror of a real process of linguistic and social exclusion that reaches from the past to the present day.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beale-Rivaya, Y. (2012) The written record as witness: Language shift from Arabic to Romance in the documents of the Mozarabs of Toledo in the twelfth and thirteenth Centuries. La Corónica, 40, 2, 2750.Google Scholar
Beale-Rivaya, Y. (2016) At the crossroads of languages: The linguistic choices along border communities of the Reconquista in the eleventh and twelfth Centuries. In Klassen, A. (ed.) Multilingualism in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age: Communication and Miscommunication in the Premodern World. Mouton de Gruyter, pp.127–44.Google Scholar
Beale-Rivaya, Y. & Busic, J. (2018) Introduction. In Beale-Rivaya, Y. & Busic, J. (eds.) A Companion to Medieval Toledo: Reconsidering the Canons. Leiden: Brill, pp. 114.Google Scholar
Benafri, C. (2011) La posición de la Sublime Puerta y de la Regencia de Argel ante La Rebelión de los moriscos granadinos (1568–1570): Entre esperanza y decepción [The position of the Sublime Porte and of the Regency of Argel in the face of the Rebellion of the Moriscos of Granada (1568–1570): Between Hope and Disappointment]. AREAS. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales, 30, 141146.Google Scholar
Cabrera-Sánchez, M. (1999) El Señorío de El Carpio en el Siglo XV [The Estate of El Carpio in the 15th century]. Aragón En La Edad Media, 1415, 227242.Google Scholar
Cala y López, R., Flores González-Grano de Oro, M., & Grima Cervantes, J. (1993) La fiesta de moros y cristianos en la villa de Carboneras: Precedida de una noticia histórica [The Festival of the Moors and Christians in the Town of Carboneras: Preceded by a Historical Note]. Almería: Ayuntamiento de Carboneras Instituto de estudios almerienses.Google Scholar
Castro, A. (1948) España en su historia: cristianos, moros y judíos [Spain and its history: Christians, Moors, and Jews]. Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada.Google Scholar
Castro, A. (1965) Los españoles: Cómo llegaron a serlo [The Spanish: How they came to be]. Madrid: Taurus.Google Scholar
Catlos, B. (2004) The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catlos, B. (2014) Muslims and medieval Latin Christendom, c. 1050–1614. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chalmeta, P. (1994) Invasión e islamización: La sumisión de Hispania y la formación de al-Andalus [Invasion and Islamization: The submission of Spain and formation of al-Andalus]. Madrid: Mapfre.Google Scholar
Corbera, C. & Utrilla-Utrilla, J. (eds.) (1998) De Toledo a Huesca: Sociedades medievales en transición a finales del Siglo XI (1080–1100) [From Toledo to Huesca: Medieval societies in transition at the end of the 11th Century (1080–1110)]. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza.Google Scholar
Deardorff, M. (2018) ¿Quién es morisco? Desde cristiano nuevo a cristiano viejo de moros: Categorías de diferenciación en el Reino de Granada (siglo XVI) [Who is Morisco? From new Christian to old Christian Moors. Categories for Differentiation in the Kingdom of Granada (16th century)]. Forum Historiae Iuris, 1–27.Google Scholar
Escobosa, F., Muñoz-Martín, I. & Lirola-Delgado, M. (1998) Las producciones de un alfar islámico en Almería [The productions of an Islamic potter in Almeria]. Arqueología y Territorio Medieval, 6, 207239.Google Scholar
Eurostat (2021) Asylum and first time asylum applicants: annual aggregated data. [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00191/default/table?lang=en. Date accessed June 21, 2021].Google Scholar
Fernández-García, J. (1980) Función de moros y cristianos dedicada a San Antoni de Pádua patrón de Carboneras: Texto Corregido [Festival of the Moors and Christians dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, Patron of Carboneras. Corrected Text]. Cuevas.Google Scholar
García-Arenal, M. (2009) The religious identity of the Arabic language and the affair of the Lead Books of the Sacromonte of Granada. Arabica, 56, 6, 495528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-Arenal, M. (2015) The converted Muslims of Spain: Morisco cultural resistance and engagement with Islamic knowledge (1502–1610). In Tottoli, R. (ed.) The Routledge Handbook of Islam in the West. New York: Routledge, pp. 3854.Google Scholar
García-Arenal, M. & Wiegers, G. (2018) Interreligious encounters in polemics between Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Iberia and beyond. Medieval Encounters, 24, 113.Google Scholar
García-Marsilla, J. (2020) Leyenda negra, medievo rosa: Reflexiones sobre el mito de La ‘España de las tres culturas.’ [Black legend, pink medieval: Reflections on the myth of the ‘Spain of the Three Cultures’]. Pasajes, 60, 2942.Google Scholar
García-Sanjuán, A. (2009) El fin de las comunidades cristianas de Al-Andalus (Siglos XI–XII): Factores de una evolución [The end of the Christian Communities of Al-Andalus (11th–12th centuries]. In de la Peña, J. (ed.) Cristianos y musulmanes en la Península Ibérica; la guerra, la frontera y la convivencia [Christians and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula; the war, the frontier, and coexistence]. Ávila; Fundación Sánchez-Albornoz, pp. 257287.Google Scholar
García-Sanjuán, A. (2012) Al-Andalus en la historiografía del nacionalismo españolista (Siglos XIX–XXI). Entre la reconquista y la España musulmana [Al-Andalus in Spanish nationalist historiography. Between the Reconquest and Muslim Spain]. In Melo Carrasco, D. & Vidal Castro, F. (eds.) A 1300 Años de la conquista de Al-Andalus (711–2011): Historia, cultura y legado del islam en la península ibérica [1300 years after the conquest of Al-Andalus (711–2011): History, culture and legacy of Islam on the Iberian peninsula]. Coquimbo-Chile: Centro Mohammed VI, pp. 65104.Google Scholar
García-Sanjuán, A. (2018) Rejecting Al-Andalus, exalting the Reconquista: Historical memory in contemporary Spain. Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies, 10, 1, 127145.Google Scholar
Giménez-Eguibar, P. & Wasserman-Soler, D. (2011) La mala algarabia: Church and the Arabic language in 16th-century Spain. The Medieval History Journal, 14, 2, 229258.Google Scholar
Giménez-Soler, A. (1904) El sitio de Almería en 1309 [The siege of Almeria in 1309]. Barcelona: De la casa provincial de caridad e montealegre.Google Scholar
Hitchcock, R. (2008) Mozarabs in medieval and early modern Spain: Identities and influences. Cornwall: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Jiménez-Estrella, A. & Castillo-Fernández, J. (2020) La rebelión de los moriscos del Reino de Granada y La Guerra en época de los austrias: Estudio para un debate abierto [The Rebellion of the Moriscos of the Kingdom of Granada and war in the times of the Austrias: Study for an open debate]. Granada: Universidad de Granada.Google Scholar
Novikoff, A. (2005) Between tolerance and intolerance in medieval Spain: An historiographic enigma. Medieval Encounters, 11, 1–2, 736.Google Scholar
O’Callaghan, J. (2003) Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paego-Ruzafa, J. (2020) Huestes, milicias y soldados en la rebelión de las Alpujarras. La estrategia de Abén Humeya [Troops, militias, and soldiers in the Rebellion of the Alpujarras. The strategy of Aben Humeya]. In Jiménez Estrella, A. & Castillo, J. (eds.) La Rebelión de los moriscos del reino de Granada [The Rebellion of the Moriscos of the Kingdom of Granada]. Granada: Universidad de Granada, pp. 7994.Google Scholar
Plann, S. (2009) Arabic: Another ‘other’ Spanish language? International Journal of Multilingualism, 6, 4, 369385.Google Scholar
Porres Martin-Cleto, J. (1985) Historia de Tulaytula (711–1085) [History of Tulaytula (711–1085)]. Toledo: Instituto provincial de investigaciones y estudios toledanos.Google Scholar
Quiroga, M. & Rodríguez-Lovelle, M. (eds.) (1997) La invasión árabe y el inicio de la ‘Reconquista’ en el noroeste de la península ibérica (93-251/711-865) [The Arab invasion and the beginning of the ‘Reconquest’ in the North-East of the Iberian Peninsula]. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Rivarola, J. (1978) El español medieval: algunos aspectos de la formación del español como lengua literaria [Medieval Spanish: Some aspects of the formation of Spanish as a literary language]. Revista de la Universidad Católica, 4, 31, 32133l.Google Scholar
Rogozen-Soltar, M. (2012) Managing Muslim visibility: Conversion, immigration, and Spanish imaginaries of Islam. American Anthropologist, 114, 4, 611623.Google Scholar
Safran, J. (2013) Defining Boundaries in al-Andalus: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Islamic Iberia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallvé-Bermejo, J. (1989) Nuevas ideas sobre la conquista árabe de España, Toponimia y onomástica [New ideas about the Arab conquest of Spain: Toponymy and onomastics]. Madrid, Spain: Real Academia de la Historia.Google Scholar
Vampa, D. (2020) Competing forms of populism and territorial politics: The cases of Vox and Podemos in Spain. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 28, 3, 304321.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×