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29 - miRNAs in TPA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells

from V - MicroRNAs in disease biology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2009

By
Tomoko Kozu
Edited by
Krishnarao Appasani
Foreword by
Sidney Altman  and
Victor R. Ambros
Tomoko Kozu
Affiliation:
Division of Cancer Treatment Research Institute for Clinical Oncology Saitama Cancer Center 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama 362-0806 Japan
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Summary

Introduction

miRNA is a group of small RNAs about 22 nt in length involved in the regulation of gene expression at the translational level (Grosshans and Slack, 2002; Bartel, 2004). Growing evidence indicates that miRNAs act as guides for recognizing their target mRNAs in RISC complexes by hybridizing to target sites in the 3′ UTR of mRNAs with at least a 7 nt complete match to the 5′ 2 to 8 sequence of miRNA and about a 70% complementarity in total (Brennecke et al., 2005; Lewis et al., 2005). Most miRNAs are phylogenetically highly conserved as well as in their sequences that recognize target mRNA sites mRNAs (Berezikov et al., 2005). Given the broad target recognition of miRNAs, a vast number of target sequences should exist in the genome. To date, about 330 species of miRNA have been identified in the human genome, and it is predicted that each miRNA regulates several hundred target genes and that more than 30% of the total genes are regulated by miRNAs (Bartel and Chen, 2004; John et al., 2004; Lim et al., 2005). miRNAs are encoded in genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II as an independent gene or in the intron of other genes, so that miRNA expression is regulated according to their function in a tissue- and/or stage-specific manner (Lagos-Quintana et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2004; Hsu et al., 2006).

Type
Chapter
Information
MicroRNAs
From Basic Science to Disease Biology
 , pp. 380 - 391
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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