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38 - MicroRNAs in immunology, cardiology, diabetes, and unicellular organisms

from VI - MicroRNAs in stem cell development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2009

By
Krishnarao Appasani
Edited by
Krishnarao Appasani
Foreword by
Sidney Altman  and
Victor R. Ambros
Krishnarao Appasani
Affiliation:
GeneExpression Systems, Inc. PO Box 540170 Waltham, MA 02454 USA
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Summary

As detailed in this volume, the tiny RNAs known as microRNA molecules regulate several biological processes, such as development, differentiation and disease biology. However, how they do so has remained unclear. This book does not cover the recent reports on their involvement in the immune system and even stress responses in the heart. It is becoming clear that certain microRNAs are emerging as key players in stage-specific expression in the immune system. Almost two decades ago, biologists began to identify the roles of genes by knocking them out and studying these “knock-out” animals, which lacked the proteins encoded by the targeted genes. Now, by using the same strategy it is possible to remove portions of genes that make scraps of RNA. Overall, studies of knock-out mice so far have helped us to understand how genes govern health and disease. As the field of microRNomics is rapidly growing at such a rapid pace, the material contributed in this volume might already be slightly outdated. In fact by the time we finalized the book chapters, the roles of microRNAs in immunology, cardiology, diabetes and unicellular organisms had been reported. I will therefore review these topics here.

MicroRNAs in immunology

Over 30% of our genes are under the control of small molecules called microRNAs. They prevent specific genes from being turned into protein and regulate many crucial processes such as cell division and development.

Type
Chapter
Information
MicroRNAs
From Basic Science to Disease Biology
 , pp. 512 - 521
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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