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“Die schönsten Träume von Freiheit werden ja im Kerker geträumt”: The Rhetoric of Freedom in the Sturm und Drang

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2013

David Hill
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham, UK
David Hill
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
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Summary

In his address Zum Schäkespears Tag (1771) Goethe uses the language of liberation to describe the moment when he recognized the genius of Shakespeare:

Ich zweifelte keinen Augenblick dem regelmäßigen Theater zu entsagen. Es schien mir die Einheit des Orts so kerkermäßig ängstlich, die Einheiten der Handlung und der Zeit lästige Fesseln unsrer Einbildungskraft. Ich sprang in die freie Luft, und fühlte erst daß ich Hände und Füße hatte. Und jetzo da ich sahe wieviel Unrecht mir die Herrn der Regeln in ihrem Loch angetan haben, wie viel freie Seelen noch drinne sich krümmen, so wäre mir mein Herz geborsten wenn ich ihnen nicht Fehde angekündigt hätte, und nicht täglich suchte ihre Türne zusammen zu schlagen.

(G-MA, 1.2: 412)

Schiller uses a similar image of artificial constriction in his preface to Die Räuber when he defends his refusal to squeeze his play into “die allzuenge Pallisaden des Aristoteles und Batteux” (S-NA, 3: 5). The drama of the Sturm und Drang may be accused of being sprawling and shapeless, but it is clear that Goethe and Schiller and their colleagues delighted in a “freer” form that they felt liberated them from the dominant neoclassical tradition, with its implications of order and propriety and, therefore, artificiality. Goethe was at the heart of a group of young writers who shared the feeling of being frustrated by the irrelevance of an older generation of writers and constrained by the conventions of polite society, which was dominated by the alien culture of the court.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2002

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