Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:10:43.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2022

Steven Van Uytsel
Affiliation:
Kyushu University, Japan
Mark Fenwick
Affiliation:
Kyushu University, Japan
Yoshiteru Uemura
Affiliation:
Hannan University, Japan
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ae, J., ‘Japan: Draft Guidelines on Amendment to the Antimonopoly Act: Reduction System for Cooperation and Attorney–Client Privilege’ (2020). Retrieved from https://globalcompliancenews.com/japan-draft-guidelines-released-on-amendment-to-the-antimonopoly-act-reduction-system-for-cooperation-and-attorney-client-privilege-20200504Google Scholar
Agamben, G., The State of the Exception (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003)Google Scholar
Albrecht, S., Die Anwendung von Kronzeugenregelungen bei der Bekämpfung internationaler Kartelle (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2008)Google Scholar
Aldaba, R. M. and Sy, G. S., ‘Designing a Cooperation Framework for Philippine Competition and Regulatory Agencies’ (Discussion Paper Series No. 2014-31, 2014). Retrieved from https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1431.pdfGoogle Scholar
American Antitrust Institute, ‘Comments of the American Antitrust Institute Prepared for the Antitrust Division Roundtable on the Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act’ (31 May 2019). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/page/file/1168666/downloadGoogle Scholar
Anthony, G. (ed.), Values in Global Administrative Law (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2011)Google Scholar
Antimonopoly Commission of the State Council, ‘Guidelines for the Application of the Leniency Programme to Horizontal Monopoly Agreement Cases’ (2019). Retrieved from http://gkml.samr.gov.cn/nsjg/fldj/202009/t20200918_321856.html (in Chinese)Google Scholar
Apesteguia, J., Dufwenberg, M. and Selten, R., ‘Blowing the Whistle’ (2007) 31 Economic Theory 143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbault, F. and Peiró, F., ‘The Commission’s New Notice on Immunity and Reduction of Fines in Cartel Cases: Building on Success’ (2002) 2 Competition Policy Newsletter 15Google Scholar
Argenton, C., Geradin, D. and Stephan, A., EU Cartel Law and Economics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)Google Scholar
Ariga, M. and Rieke, L. V., ‘The Antimonopoly Law of Japan and Its Enforcement’ (1964) 39 Washington Law Review 437Google Scholar
ASEAN, ASEAN Regional Guidelines on Competition Policy (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2010). Retrieved from www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/2012/publications/ASEAN%20Regional%20Guidelines%20on%20Competition%20Policy.pdfGoogle Scholar
ASEAN Secretariat, ‘ASEAN Key Figures 2020’ (2020). Retrieved from www.aseanstats.org/publication/akf_2020/Google Scholar
Aubert, C., Rey, P. and Kovacic, W., ‘The Impact of Leniency Programs on Cartels’ (2006) 24 International Journal of Industrial Organization 1241CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayres, I. and Braithwaite, J., Responsive Regulation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996)Google Scholar
Azar, J., Raina, S. and Schmalz, M. C., ‘Ultimate Ownership and Bank Competition’ (2016). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2710252Google Scholar
Azar, J., Schmalz, M. C. and Tecu, I., ‘Anticompetitive Effects of Common Ownership’ (2018) 73 Journal of Finance 1513Google Scholar
Baker & McKenzie, ‘Introduction of a Bargaining System to Japanese Criminal Procedure’ (2018). Retrieved from www.bakermckenzie.co.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/ClientAlert_180921_Japanese_Plea_Barganing_System_E.pdfGoogle Scholar
Baker, D., ‘Why Is the United States So Different from the Rest of the World in Imposing Serious Criminal Sanctions on Individual Cartel Participants?’ (2011) 12 Sedona Conference Journal 301Google Scholar
Baker, D., ‘The Use of Criminal Law Remedies to Deter and Punish Cartels and Bid-Rigging’ (2001) 69 George Washington Law Review 693Google Scholar
Balasingham, B., The EU Leniency Policy: Reconciling Effectiveness and Fairness (Alphen aan de Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2017)Google Scholar
Baldwin, R., Cave, M. and Lodge, M., Understanding Regulation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)Google Scholar
Barlund, I. M. H., Leniency in EU Competition Law (Alphen aan de Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2020)Google Scholar
Barnett, T., ‘Criminal Enforcement of Antitrust Laws: The U.S. Model’, in Hawk, B. (ed.), Annual Proceedings of the Fordham Competition Law Institute: International Antitrust Law & Policy (New York: Fordham University Press, 2007) 1Google Scholar
Bauer, G. and Wagner, R., ‘Resale Price Maintenance in the Digital Age’ (2018). Retrieved from http://competitionlawblog.kluwercompetitionlaw.com/2018/08/23/resale-price-maintenance-digital-ageGoogle Scholar
Beaton-Wells, C., ‘The ACCC Immunity Policy for Cartel Conduct: Due for Review’ (2013). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2316556Google Scholar
Beaton-Wells, C., ‘Immunity for Cartel Conduct: Revolution or Religion? An Australian Case Study’ (2014) 2 Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaton-Wells, C., ‘Leniency Policies: Revolution or Religion’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 3Google Scholar
Beaton-Wells, C., ‘The Politics of Cartel Criminalization: A Pessimistic View from Australia’ (2008) 29 European Competition Law Review 3Google Scholar
Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015)Google Scholar
Becker, G. ‘Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach’ (1968) 76 Journal of Political Economy 169Google Scholar
Beeman, M. L., Public Policy and Economic Competition in Japan: Change and Continuity in Antimonopoly Policy, 1973–1995 (Abingdon: Routledge, 2002)Google Scholar
Bell, R. B. and Millay, K., ‘The Corporate Leniency Program: Did the Antitrust Division Kill the Goose that Laid the Golden Eggs?’ (2018) 33 Antitrust 80Google Scholar
Berzins, M., ‘Wrestling with Cartels: The Emergence of Competition Laws, Anti-Cartel Enforcement and a Leniency Programme in Japan’ (2008) 8(1) International Journal of Knowledge, Culture & Change Management 15Google Scholar
Bhattacharjea, A. and De, O., ‘Cartels and the Competition Commission’ (2012) 47(35) Economic and Political Weekly 14Google Scholar
Bigoni, M., Fridolfson, S.O., Le Coq, C. and Spagnolo, G., ‘Fines, Leniency, Rewards and Organized Crime: Evidence from Antitrust Experiments’ (IFN Working Paper No. 738, 2008). Retrieved from www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp738.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bigoni, M., Fridolfson, S. O., Le Coq, C. and Spagnolo, G., ‘Fines, Leniency and Rewards in Antitrust’ (2011) 43 RAND Journal of Economics 368Google Scholar
Billiet, P., ‘How Lenient Is the EC Leniency Policy? A Matter of Certainty and Predictability’ (2009) 30 European Competition Law Review 14Google Scholar
Black, J. ‘Forms and Paradoxes of Principles-based Regulation’ (2009). Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/23103/1/WPS2008-13.pdf">13.pdf13.pdf>Google Scholar
Black, J, Hopper, M. and Bland, C., ‘Making a Success of Principles-Based Regulation’ (2007) 1 Law & Financial Markets Review 191Google Scholar
Bloom, M., ‘Despite Its Great Success, the EC Leniency Programme Faces Great Challenges’, in Ehlermann, C. D. and Atanasiu, I. (eds.), European Competition Law Annual 2006: Enforcement of Prohibition of Cartels (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007) 546Google Scholar
Borrell, J.-R., Jiménez, J. L. and García, C., ‘Evaluating Antitrust Leniency Programs’ (2014) 10 Journal of Competition Law and Economics 107Google Scholar
Borrell, J.-R., Jiménez, J. L. and Ordóñez-de-Haro, J. M., ‘25 Years of Leniency Programs: A Turning Point in Cartel Prosecution’ (2019) 1(2) Competition Policy International Antitrust Chronicle 1. Retrieved from http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/154157/1/693856.pdfGoogle Scholar
Borrell, J.-R., Jiménez, J. L. and Ordóñez-de-Haro, J. M., ‘The Leniency Programme: Obstacles on the Way to Collude’ (2015) 3 Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 149Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J. and Drahos, P., Global Business Regulation (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenner, S., ‘An Empirical Study of the European Corporate Leniency Program’ (2009) 27(6) International Journal of Industrial Organization 639Google Scholar
Brisset, K. and Thomas, L., ‘Leniency Program: A New Tool in a Competition Policy to Deter Cartel Activity in Procurement Auctions’ (2004) 17 European Journal of Law and Economics 5Google Scholar
Brumfield, N. A., Gidley, J. M., Zhang, Z. A. and Ying, Y., ‘China Merges Antitrust Enforcement Agencies into One, as Its Anti-Monopoly Law Approaches 10th Anniversary’ (2018). Retrieved from www.whitecase.com/sites/whitecase/files/files/download/publications/china-merges-antitrust-enforcement-agencies-into-one-samr.pdfGoogle Scholar
Brusick, P., ‘Competition Guidelines: Leniency Programmes’ (2016). Retrieved from https://unctadmena.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Competition-Guidelines_Leniency-Programmes_EN.pdfGoogle Scholar
Buccirossi, P., Marvão, C. and Spagnolo, G., ‘Leniency and Damages’ (Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics, SITE Working Paper No. 32, 2015). Retrieved from www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/204743/1/site-wp0032.pdfGoogle Scholar
Buccirossi, P., Marvão, C. and Spagnolo, G., ‘Leniency, Damages, and EU Competition Policy’, VOXEU, CEPR Policy Portal Vox (14 July 2015). Retrieved from https://voxeu.org/article/leniency-damages-and-eu-competition-policyGoogle Scholar
Buccirossi, P., Ciari, L., Duso, T., Spagnolo, G. and Vitale, C., ‘Competition Policy and Productivity Growth: An Empirical Assessment’ (2013) 95 Review of Economics and Statistics 1324Google Scholar
Bucy, P. H., ‘Civil Prosecution of Health Care Fraud’ (1995) 30 Wake Forest Law Review 720Google Scholar
Buretta, J. and Terzaken, J., ‘Chapter 32: United States’, in Buretta, J. and Terzaken, J. (eds.), The Cartels and Leniency Review (London: Law Business Research, 2018) 346Google Scholar
Buretta, J. and Terzaken, J. (eds.), The Cartels and Leniency Review (London: Law Business Research, 2018)Google Scholar
Burns, J., ‘Lufthansa Reaches Settlement with Deutsche Bahn to End Cargo Cartel Dispute’, Cargo Airports & Airline Services (28 August 2019). Retrieved from www.caasint.com/db-and-lufthansa-reach-settlement-to-end-cartel-legal-disputeGoogle Scholar
Burris, S., Drahos, P. and Shearing, C., ‘Nodal Governance’ (2005) 30 Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy 1Google Scholar
Cai, J., ‘Public Antitrust Enforcement of Resale Price Maintenance in China: A Crusade or Discrimination?’ (2016) 42 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 1Google Scholar
Callies, G. P. and Zumbansen, Z. Rough Consensus and Running Code: A Theory of Transnational Private Law (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2010)Google Scholar
Callon, M., Lasoumes, P. and Barthe, Y., Acting in an Uncertain World: An Essay on Technical Democracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009)Google Scholar
Calvani, T. and Calvani, T. H., ‘Cartel Sanctions and Deterrence’ (2011) 56 Antitrust Bulletin 185Google Scholar
Carabine, N., Wan, E., Huckerby, M. and Wilkinson, J., ‘Hong Kong Competition Commission’s Enforcement and Leniency Policies’ (18 December 2015). Retrieved from https://read01.com/AJxj8.html#.YpNvdujP25cGoogle Scholar
Carle, J., Lindeborg, P. and Segenmark, E., ‘The New Leniency Notice’ (2002) 23 European Competition Law Review 265Google Scholar
Cassese, S., ‘Administrative Law without the State? The Challenge of Global Regulation’ (2005) 37 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 663Google Scholar
Castberg, A. D., ‘Prosecutorial Independence in Japan’ (1997) 16(1) Pacific Basin Law Journal 38Google Scholar
Cauffman, C., ‘The Interaction of Leniency Programmes and Actions for Damages’ (2011) 7 Competition Law Review 181Google Scholar
Cavanagh, E. D., ‘The Private Antitrust Remedy: Lessons from the American Experience’ (2010) 41 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 629Google Scholar
CCCS, ‘CCCS Practice Statement on the Fast Track Procedure for Section 34 and 47 Cases 2016’ (2016). Retrieved from www.cccs.gov.sg/-/media/custom/ccs/files/legislation/legislation-at-a-glance/cccs-guidelines/cccs-fast-track-procedure-for-section-34-and-section-47-cases.pdfGoogle Scholar
CCCS, ‘FAQ: Approach CCCS for Leniency or Reward’ (2018). Retrieved from www.cccs.gov.sg/faq/approaching-cccs-for-leniency-or-rewardGoogle Scholar
Chantara-Opakorn, A., ‘Thailand Competition Law and Its Implication on International Mergers and Acquisition’ (2000) 18 Wisconsin International Law Journal 591Google Scholar
Chen, A. C. M., ‘Due Process and Transparency Requirements for Investigating Competition Cases in Taiwan’, in Sokol, D. D. and Guzman, A. T. (eds.), Antitrust Procedural Fairness (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019) 88Google Scholar
Chen, A. C. M., ‘The LCD Cartel: Impacts and Implications for the Competition Policy of Taiwan’, in Charbit, N. and Ramundo, E. (eds.), William E. Kovacic Liber Amicorum: An Antitrust Tribute Volume II (New York, Institute for Competition Law, 2014) 325Google Scholar
Chen, A. C. M., ‘Political, Economic and Legal Driving Forces Shaping the Developmental Contours of Competition Law: The Experience of Taiwan’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 81.Google Scholar
Chen, A. C. M., ‘The Taiwan Fair Trade Commission Imposes Record Fines on Independent Power Producers for Collectively Refusing to Adjust the Rate for Wholesale Electricity’ (2013) e-Competitions – National Competition Laws Bulletin No. 52502Google Scholar
Chen, C. and Soltes, E. ‘Why Compliance Programmes Fail and How to Fix Them’, Harvard Business Review (March 2018). Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/03/why-compliance-programmes-failGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. and Harrington, J. E., ‘The Impact of the Corporate Leniency Program on Cartel Formation and the Cartel Price Path’ (Center for International Research on the Japanese Economy, Working Paper No. CIRJE-F-358, 2005). Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1155&context=bepp_papersGoogle Scholar
Chen, R., ‘Legal Informality and Human Capital Development in China’, in Liebman, B. L. and Milhaupt, C. J. (eds.), Regulating the Visible Hand? The Institutional Implications of Chinese State Capitalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016) 151Google Scholar
Chen, T. and Liu, L., ‘Antitrust Alert: Taiwan Strengthens Its Fair Trade Law’ (2011). Retrieved from www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2011/12/antitrust-alert--taiwan-strengthens-its-fair-trade-lawGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z. and Rey, P., ‘On the Design of Leniency Programs’ (2013) 56(4) Journal of Law and Economics 917Google Scholar
Cheng, T. K., Competition Law in Developing Countries (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)Google Scholar
Cheng, T. K., ‘Hong Kong Competition Law and Legal Transplant’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 168Google Scholar
Cheong, M. F., Teoh, J. B. C. and Khoo, E. L. E., ‘Legal Transplant: Giving Life to Malaysia’s Competition Regime’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 181Google Scholar
Chia, S. Y., ‘The ASEAN Economic Community: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects’ (ADBI Working Paper 440, 2013). Retrieved from www.adb.org/publications/asean-economic-community-progress-challenges-andprospectsGoogle Scholar
Choi, J. P. and Gerlach, H., ‘Global Cartels, Leniency Programs and International Antitrust Cooperation’ (2012) 30 International Journal of Industrial Organization 528Google Scholar
Choi, N., ‘Problems of Leniency Programs in International Cartels and the Direction to Improve the Programs’ (2013) 28 Journal of Korean Competition Law 85 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Choi, Y. S., ‘Competition Laws and Policies against International Cartels in Northeast Asia: International Cooperation for Effective Enforcement’, in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law & Practice (Hong Kong: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2015) 133Google Scholar
Choi, Y. S., ‘The Evolution of Fair and Free Competition Law in the Republic of Korea’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 65Google Scholar
Choi, Y. S., ‘The Issue of Information Exchanges Regarding Price under Competition Law: Comments on the Supreme Court’s Judgment on the Ramen Cartel from a Comparative Perspective’ (2016) 35 Soongsil Law Review 1Google Scholar
Choi, Y. S., ‘The Rule of Law in a Market Economy: Globalisation of Competition Law in Korea’ (2014) 15 European Business Organization Law Review 419Google Scholar
Choi, Y. S. and Heinemann, A., ‘Competition and Trade: The Rise of Competition Law in Trade Agreements and Its Implications for the World Trading System’ (2020) 43(4) World Competition 521Google Scholar
Clarcke, J. L. and Evenett, S. J., ‘Deterrent Effects of National Anti-Cartel Laws: Evidence from International Vitamins Cartel’ (2003) 48 Antitrust Bulletin 689Google Scholar
Cleary, W. B., ‘The Law of Criminal Procedure in Contemporary Japan (2)’ (1991) 41(4) Hokkaido Law Review 512Google Scholar
Colignon, R. A. and Usui, C., Amakudari: The Hidden Fabric of Japan’s Economy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003)Google Scholar
Connolly, R., ‘Some Comments from Brent Snyder, Former Antitrust Division Criminal Deputy, as the Head to the Hong Kong Competition Commission’, Cartel Capers (12 July 2017). Retrieved from http://cartelcapers.com/blog/comments-brent-snyder-former-antitrust-division-criminal-deputy-heads-hong-kong-competition-commissionGoogle Scholar
Connor, J. M., ‘Global Antitrust Prosecutions of International Cartels: Focus on Asia’ (2008). Retrieved from https://editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=IIOC2008&paper_id=13Google Scholar
Connor, J. M., Global Price Fixing, 2nd ed. (Berlin: Springer, 2007)Google Scholar
Connor, J. M. and Helmers, C. G., ‘Statistics on Modern Private International Cartels, 1990–2005’ (American Antitrust Institute AAI Working Paper No. 07-01, 2007). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=944039Google Scholar
Connor, J. M. and Miller, D., ‘Determinants of EC Antitrust Fines for Members of Global Cartels’ (6 March 2013). Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2229358Google Scholar
Crampton, P. and Reynolds, G., ‘Leniency Programmes in Competition Law’, in Dhall, V. (ed.), Competition Law Today – Concepts, Issues, and the Law in Practice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007) 113Google Scholar
Crane, D., ‘Why Leniency Does Not Undermine Compensation’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 263Google Scholar
Crumplar, T., ‘An Alternative to Public and Victim Enforcement of the Federal Securities and Antitrust Laws: Citizen Enforcement’ (1975) 13 Harvard Journal Legis 76Google Scholar
Dabbah, M. M., International and Comparative Competition Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)Google Scholar
DavisPolk, ‘Update on Establishment of Single Antitrust Agency in China’ (Client Memorandum, 2018). Retrieved from www.davispolk.com/sites/default/files/2018-10-24_china_consolidates_antitrust_powers_into_single_agency.pdfGoogle Scholar
Deacons, ‘Competition Commission Revises Leniency Policy for Undertakings and Introduces New Leniency Policy for Individuals’, Lexology (24 April 2020). Retrieved from www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=3ad6f2b9-c39b-4b13-a100-9e8a3a65c0afGoogle Scholar
Delrahim, M., ‘Winds of Change: A New Model of Incentivizing Antitrust’ (11 July 2019). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/opa/speech/assistant-attorney-general-makan-delrahim-delivers-remarks-new-york-university-school-l-0Google Scholar
Deng, F. and Zhang, Y., ‘Interview with Xu Kunlin, Director General of the Bureau of Price Supervision and Anti-monopoly under the National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China’ (2014) 13 Antitrust Source 1. Retrieved from www.edgewortheconomics.com/media/publication/61_Fei_Deng_Interview_with_DG_Xu_Kunlin_of_Chinas_NDRC.pdfGoogle Scholar
Dijkstra, P. T., Haan, M. A. and Schoonbeek, L., ‘Leniency Programs and the Design of Antitrust: Experimental Evidence with Free-Form Communication’ (2020) 59 Review of Industrial Organization 13. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-020-09789-5Google Scholar
Ditucalan, A. M., ‘Institutional Design of Philippine Competition Law’ (2018) 8 Korean Legislation Research Institute Journal of Law and Legislation 27Google Scholar
Ditucalan, A. M., ‘The Philippine Competition Law Dilemma: US-EU Fusion to Tension’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 233Google Scholar
Dodoo, N., ‘A New Dawn for Cartel Enforcement in China’, in Emch, A. and Ng, W. (eds.), Wang Xiaoye: The Pioneer of Competition Law in China – Liber Amicorum (New York: Institute for Competition Law, 2019) 67Google Scholar
Dokei, T., Nakajima, H. and Onoki, T., ‘New Bill: Expansion for Leniency and Fines under the Japan Anti-Monopoly Act’ (2019). Retrieved from www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/new-bill-expansion-for-leniency-and-24551Google Scholar
Drahos, P., The Global Governance of Knowledge: Patent Offices and Their Clients (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000)Google Scholar
Editorial Board, ‘China’s NDRC Uses Leniency Program to Uncover and Punish Cartel Members’ (2012). Retrieved from https://blogs.orrick.com/antitrust/2012/12/03/chinas-ndrc-uses-leniency-program-to-uncover-and-punish-members-of-cartelGoogle Scholar
Editorial Board, ‘Interview with Wu Zhenguo, Director General, Anti-Monopoly Bureau of the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), People’s Republic of China’, Antitrust Source (June 2021). Retrieved from www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/202107/P020210707589294998827.pdfGoogle Scholar
Eichenwalt, K., The Informant: A True Story of Greed, Conspiracy, and Whistleblowing (London: Portobello Books, 2009)Google Scholar
Eichner, A. W., ‘Battling Cartels in the New Era of Chinese Antitrust Enforcement’ (2012) 47 Texas International Law Journal 587Google Scholar
Elhauge, E., ‘The Growing Problem of Horizontal Shareholding’ (2017) 3 Antitrust Chronicle 1Google Scholar
Elhauge, E., ‘Horizontal Shareholding’ (2016) 129 Harvard Law Review 1267Google Scholar
Ellis, C. J. and Wilson, W. W., ‘What Doesn’t Kill Us Makes Us Stronger: An Analysis of Corporate Leniency Policy’ (2001). Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/2498536_What_Doesn’t_Kill_us_Makes_us_Stronger_An_Analysis_of_Corporate_Leniency_PolicyGoogle Scholar
Emch, A., ‘Chinese Antitrust Institutions: Many Cooks in the Kitchen’ (2014) 10 Competition Policy International 217Google Scholar
Emch, A. and Hao, Q., ‘The New Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law – An Overview’, (eSapience Center for Competition Policy, 2007). Retrieved from www.sidley.com/~/media/files/publications/2007/11/the-new-chinese-antimonopoly-law-an-overview/files/view-pdf/fileattachment/newchineseantimonopolyenglish.pdfGoogle Scholar
Engstrom, D., ‘Whither Whistleblowing? Bounty Regimes, Regulatory Context, and the Challenge of Optimal Design’ (2014) 15 Theoretical Inquiries in Law 605Google Scholar
Epstein, R. A., ‘Curbing the Abuses of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law: An Indictment and Reform Agenda’ (2014). Retrieved from https://sls.gmu.edu/cpip/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2014/04/Curbing-the-Abuses-of-Chinas-Anti-Monopoly-Law.pdfGoogle Scholar
European Chamber of Commerce in China, ‘Press Release: European Chamber Releases Statement on China AML-Related Investigations’ (13 August 2014). Retrieved from www.europeanchamber.com.cn/en/press-releases/2132/european_chamber_releases_statement_on_china_aml_related_investigationsGoogle Scholar
European Commission, ‘Antitrust: Commission Fines Six LCD Panel Producers €648 Million for Price Fixing Cartel’ (8 December 2010). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/es/IP_10_1685Google Scholar
European Commission, ‘Commission Notice on Immunity from Fines and Reduction of Fines in Cartel Cases’, O.J. C45/3 (2002)Google Scholar
European Commission, ‘Commission Notice on Immunity from Fines and Reduction of Fines in Cartel Cases’, O.J. C298/17 (2006)Google Scholar
European Commission, ‘Commission Notice on Non-imposition or Reduction of Fines in Cartel Cases’, O.J. C207/4 (1996)Google Scholar
European Commission, ‘Competition: Revised Leniency Notice – Frequently Asked Questions’ MEMO/06/469 (7 December 2006)Google Scholar
European Commission, ‘Press Release: Commission Fines ADM, Ajinomoto, Others in Lysine Cartel’ (7 June 2000). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_00_589Google Scholar
European Commission, ‘Press Release: Commission Fines Eight Companies in Graphite Electrode Cartel’ (18 July 2001). Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-01-1010_en.htm?locale=enGoogle Scholar
European Commission, ‘Press Release: Commission Imposes Fines on Vitamin Cartels’ (21 November 2001). Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-01-1625_en.htmGoogle Scholar
European Commission, ‘White Paper on Modernisation of the Rules Implementing Articles 85 and 86 of the EC Treaty’, OJ C132/1 (1999)Google Scholar
European Commission, XXVIth Report on Competition Policy 1996 (Brussels: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997)Google Scholar
Favart, M., ‘Belgium’, in Buhart, J. (ed.), Leniency Regimes, 4th ed. (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2012) 36Google Scholar
Feess, E. and Walzl, M. ‘Corporate Leniency Programs in the EU and the USA’ (German Working Papers in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 24, 2003). Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=384740Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., ‘The Multiple Uncertainties of Corporate Criminal Law’, in Fenwick, M. and Wrbka, S. (eds.), Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context (Singapore: Springer, 2016) 148Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., ‘The New Corporate Criminal Law and Transnational Legal Risk’, in Fenwick, M. and Wrbka, S. (eds.), Flexibility in Modern Business Law (Singapore: Springer, 2016) 149Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., Kaal, W. A. and Vermeulen, E. P. M., ‘Regulation Tomorrow: What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law?’ (2017) 6(3) American University Business Law Review 561Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., McCahery, J. A. and Vermeulen, E. P. M., ‘Fintech and the Financing of SMEs and Entrepreneurs: From Crowdfunding to Marketplace Lending’, in Cumming, D. and Hornuf, L. (eds.), The Economics of Crowdfunding: Startups, Portals & Investor Behavior (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) 103Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., Siems, M. and Wrbka, S. (eds.), The Changing Meaning of Legal Certainty in Contemporary Comparative and Transnational Law (London: Hart Publishing, 2019)Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., Van Uytsel, S. and Wrbka, S. (eds.), Networked Governance and the Law (Singapore: Springer, 2014)Google Scholar
Fenwick, M., Van Uytsel, S. and Ying, B., Regulating Fintech in Asia: Global Context, Local Perspectives (Singapore: Springer, 2020)Google Scholar
Fenwick, M. and Vermeulen, E. P. M., ‘The Future of Finance: Why Regulation Matters’, in Liaw, K. T. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Fintech (New York: Routledge, 2020) 38Google Scholar
Fenwick, M. and Vermeulen, E. P. M., ‘The New Firm: Staying Relevant, Unique & Competitive’ (2015) 16 European Business Organization Law Review 595Google Scholar
Financial Conduct Authority, ‘Regulatory Sandbox’ (2015). Retrieved from www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/regulatory-sandbox.pdfGoogle Scholar
Fine, R. A., ‘Plea Bargaining: An Unnecessary Evil’ (1987) 70 Marquette Law Review 615Google Scholar
Flatters, F., ‘Thailand and the Crisis: Roots, Recovery and Long-Run Competitiveness’, in Woo, W. T., Sachs, J. D. and Schwab, K. (eds.), The Asian Financial Crisis Lessons for a Resilient Asia (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000) 257Google Scholar
Foster, A. L., ‘Navigating the Unique Features of China’s Competition Landscape’ (2017) 31(2) Antitrust 79Google Scholar
Fox, E., ‘Linked-In: Antitrust and the Virtues of a Virtual Network’, in Lugard, P. (ed.), The International Competition Network at Ten: Origins, Accomplishments and Aspirations (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2011) 105Google Scholar
Fox, E. and Crane, D., Global Issues in Antitrust and Competition Law (St Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing, 2010)Google Scholar
Funahashi, K., ‘International Cooperation to Crack International Cartels – Japanese Successes and Failures’ (2004). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/en/policy_enforcement/speeches/2004_files/internationalcartel1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Furse, M., Antitrust Law in China, Korea and Vietnam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)Google Scholar
Furse, M., The Criminal Law of Competition in the UK and in the US (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2012)Google Scholar
Furse, M., The Law of Merger Control in the EC and the UK (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007)Google Scholar
Garret, B. L., Too Big to Jail: How Prosecutors Compromise with Corporations (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016)Google Scholar
Gerber, D., Global Competition: Law, Markets, and Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)Google Scholar
Geverola, A. and Rigburg, K., ‘A Changing Landscape: The DOJ Antitrust Division’s Use of Deferred Prosecution Agreements’, Arnold & Porter, Enforcement Edge Blog (12 August 2021). Retrieved from: www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/blogs/enforcement-edge/2021/08/doj-antitrust-division-use-of-deferredGoogle Scholar
Ghoshal, V. and Sokol, D. D., ‘The Evolution of U.S. Cartel Enforcement’ (2014) 57 Journal of Law & Economics 51Google Scholar
Ghosal, V. and Sokol, D. D., ‘The Rise and (Potential) Fall of U.S. Cartel Enforcement’ (2020) 2 University of Illinois Law Review 471Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office, ‘Criminal Cartel Enforcement: Stakeholder Views on Impact of 2004 Antitrust Reform Are Mixed, But Support Whistleblower Protection’ (Report to Congressional Committees, GAO-11-916, July 2011). Retrieved from www.gao.gov/assets/gao-11-619.pdfGoogle Scholar
Griffin, J. M., ‘The Modern Leniency Program after Ten Years – A Summary Overview of the Antitrust Division’s Criminal Enforcement Program’ (Presentation at the American Bar Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 12 August 2003). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/public/speeches/201477.htmGoogle Scholar
Gu, M. and Yu, Sh., ‘Better Late Than Never: NDRC Publishes Full Decisions on Zhejiang Car Insurance Cartel Case – Analysis of NDRC’s Antitrust Law Enforcement Approach’ (2014). Retrieved from www.chinalawvision.com/2014/09/competition-law-anti-monopoly-law/better-late-than-never-ndrc-publishes-full-decisions-on-zhejiang-car-insurance-cartel-case-analysis-of-ndrcs-antitrust-law-enforcement-approachGoogle Scholar
Haley, J. O., ‘Japanese Antitrust Enforcement: Implications for United States Trade’ (1991) 18 Northern Kentucky Law Review 335Google Scholar
Hamaguchi, Y. and Kawagoe, T., ‘An Experimental Study of Leniency Programs’ (RIETI Discussion Paper Series 05-E-003, 2003). Retrieved from www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/05e003.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hammond, S. D., ‘Cornerstones of an Effective Leniency Program’ (Presentation at the ICN Workshop on Leniency Programs, Sydney, 22–23 November 2004). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/speech/cornerstones-effective-leniency-programGoogle Scholar
Hammond, S. D., ‘Detecting and Deterring Cartel Activity through an Effective Leniency Program’ (Presentation at the International Workshop on Cartels, Brighton, 21–22 November 2000)Google Scholar
Hammond, S. D., ‘The Evolution of Criminal Antitrust Enforcement over the Last Two Decades’ (Presentation at the 24th Annual National Institute on White Collar Crime, ABA Criminal Justice Section and ABA Center for Continuing Legal Education, Miami, 25 February 2010). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/speech/evolution-criminal-antitrust-enforcement-over-last-two-decadesGoogle Scholar
Hammond, S. D., ‘An Update of the Antitrust Division’s Criminal Enforcement Program’ (Presentation at the ABA Section of Antitrust Law Cartel Enforcement Roundtable, Washington, DC, 16 November 2005)Google Scholar
Han, K. J., ‘Cartel Leniency Program and Cartel Enforcement in South Korea’ (2015) MPA/MPP Capstone Projects 225. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mpampp_etds/225Google Scholar
Han, M., Huang, C., van Opstal, C., Wong, J., Seet, J. and Liang, X., ‘Antitrust China 2020 Annual Review’ (2020). Retrieved from www.fangdalaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ANTITRUST-CHINA-2020-ANNUAL-REVIEW.pdfGoogle Scholar
Harding, C., Beaton-Wells, C. and Edwards, J., ‘Leniency and Criminal Sanctions in Anti-Cartel Enforcement: Happily Married or Uneasy Bedfellows?’ in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 233Google Scholar
Harding, C. and Joshua, J., Regulating Cartels in Europe, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)Google Scholar
Harrington, J. E., Jr, ‘Optimal Corporate Leniency Programs’ (2008) 56(2) Journal of Industrial Economics 215Google Scholar
Harrington, J. E., Jr, The Theory of Collusion and Competition Policy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017)Google Scholar
Harrington, J. E., Jr and Chang, M.-H., ‘Endogenous Antitrust Enforcement in the Presence of a Corporate Leniency Program’ (30 November 2013). Retrieved from https://bepp.wharton.upenn.edu/files/?whdmsaction=public:main.file&fileID=5147Google Scholar
Harris, H. S. Jr, Wang, P. J., Zhang, Y., Cohen, M. A., and Evrard, S. J., Anti-Monopoly Law and Practice in China (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)Google Scholar
Harris, S., ‘Korea’, in Sokol, D. D., Crane, D. A. and Ezrachi, A. (eds.), Global Antitrust Compliance Handbook (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) 24.01Google Scholar
Hayashi, S., ‘The 2013 Amendment to the Antimonopoly Act – Procedural Fairness under Japanese Competition Law’ (2015) 39 Journal of Japanese Law 89Google Scholar
Heng, J. and Ping, L., ‘China’s Anti-Monopoly Law and the Role of Economics in Its Enforcement’ (2020) 6(3) Russian Journal of Economics 219. Retrieved from https://rujec.org/article/56362Google Scholar
Hetzel, P., Kreunzeugenregelungen im Kartellrecht (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2004)Google Scholar
Hinloopen, J. and Soetevent, A. R., ‘Laboratory Evidence on the Effectiveness of Corporate Leniency Programs’ (2008) 39 RAND Journal of Economics 607Google Scholar
HKCC, ‘Cooperation and Settlement Policy for Undertakings Engaged in Cartel Conduct’ (April 2019). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/legislation_guidance/policy_doc/files/Cooperation_Policy_Eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Leniency Policy for Individuals Involved in Cartel Conduct’ (April 2020). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/legislation_guidance/policy_doc/files/Leniency_Policy_Individuals_E.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Leniency Policy for Undertakings Engaged in Cartel Conduct’ (November 2015). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/legislation_guidance/policy_doc/files/Leniency_Policy_Eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Policy on Recommended Pecuniary Penalties’ (June 2020). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/legislation_guidance/policy_doc/files/Policy_on_Recommended_Pecuniary_Penalties_Eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Press Release: Competition Commission Takes IT Cartel Conduct Case to Competition Tribunal’ (22 January 2020). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/media/press/files/20200122_ENG_PR_Competition_Commission_takes_IT_cartel_conduct_case_to_Competition_Tribunal.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Press Release: Competition Commission Takes Renovation Cartel Case to Competition Tribunal’ (3 July 2019). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/media/press/files/20190703_Competition_Commission_takes_renovation_cartel_case_to_Competition_Tribunal_eng_PR.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Press Release: Competition Commission Welcomes Judgment in IT Cartel Conduct Case’ (3 November 2020). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/media/press/files/EN_PR_IT_case_judgment.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Press Release: Competition Commission Welcomes Quick Rectification by the Hong Kong Newspaper Hawker Association on Retail Price of Branded Cigarettes’ (31 May 2016). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/about/public_notices/files/HKNHA_20160531_e.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Report on Study into Aspects of the Market for Residential Building Renovation and Maintenance’ (May 2016). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/media/press/files/Report_on_market_study.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Report on Study into Hong Kong’s Auto-Fuel Market’ (May 2017). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/media/press/files/Full_Report_Auto_fuel_Market_Study_Report_Eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
HKCC, ‘Report on Trade Associations in Hong Kong and the Competition Ordinance’ (March 2016). Retrieved from www.compcomm.hk/en/media/reports_publications/files/TA_project_report_EN.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hollman, H. M. and Kovavic, W. E.The International Competition Network: Its Past, Current and Future Role’, in Lugard, P. (ed.), The International Competition Network at Ten: Origins, Accomplishments and Aspirations (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2011) 51Google Scholar
Hollman, H. M., Kovavic, W. E. and Robertson, A. S., ‘Building Global Antitrust Standards: The ICN’s Practicable Approach’ in Ezrachi, A. (ed.), Research Handbook on International Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2012) 89Google Scholar
Hölzel, N., Kronzeugenregelungen im Europäischen Wettbewerbsrecht: Ermittlungsinstrument unter Reformzwang (Halle: Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg, 2011)Google Scholar
Hovenkamp, H., Federal Antitrust Policy: The Law of Competition and Its Practice, 6th ed. (St Paul, MN: West Academic, 2020)Google Scholar
Howard, A., ‘The Draft Directive on Competition Law Damages – What Does It Mean for Infringers and Victims?’ (2014) 35 European Competition Law Review 51Google Scholar
Huang, Y. and Zhang, Z.Study on Frontier Issues and the Future of Regulations over Monopoly Agreements in China’, in Faure, M. G. and Zhang, X. (eds.), Competition Policy and Regulation (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar) 45Google Scholar
Ibáñez Colomo, P., ‘Article 101 TFEU and Market Integration’ (2016) 12(4) Journal of Competition Law & Economics 749Google Scholar
ICN, ‘About the ICN’ (2018). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.orgGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘Anti-Cartel Enforcement Manual – Chapter 2: Drafting and Implementing an Effective Leniency Policy’ (2014). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/portfolio/leniency-programGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘Checklist for Efficient and Effective Leniency Programmes’ (2017). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CWG_LeniencyChecklist.pdfGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘Good Practices for Incentivising Leniency Applications’ (2019). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CWG-Good-practices-for-incentivising-leniency.pdfGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘Guidance on Enhancing Cross-Border Leniency Cooperation’ (2020). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/CWG-Leniency-Coordination-Guidance.pdfGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘ICN’s Vision for Its Second Decade’ (2011). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ICN2dDecade2011.pdfGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘Memorandum on the Establishment and Operation of the International Competition Network’ (2001). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ICNMemo_on_Establishment.pdfGoogle Scholar
ICN, ‘Trends and Developments in Cartel Enforcement’ (Presentation at the 9th Annual ICN Conference, Istanbul, 29 April 2010). Retrieved from www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWG_TrendsReport.pdfGoogle Scholar
Inoue, A., Antitrust Enforcement in Japan – History, Rhetoric and Law of the Antimonopoly Act, 2nd ed. (Tokyo: Dai-Ichi Hoki, 2019)Google Scholar
Inoue, A., The Leniency Practice: Protect Your Company against the Rough Seas of Competition (Tokyo: Lexis Japan, 2006) (in Japanese)Google Scholar
Inoue, A., ‘The Recent Amendment of the Japanese Antimonopoly Law’ (2006) 1(1) Japan Business Law Review 4Google Scholar
Irie, G. and Matsushima, T., Cartel Regulation and Leniency: Research on and Practical Use of the Reduction and Immunity of the Surcharge System (Tokyo: Sankyouhouki, 2014) (in Japanese)Google Scholar
Ishida, H. and Hara, E., ‘Japan: Cartels’ (2014) 2014 Asia-Pacific Antitrust Review 110Google Scholar
Isranews Agency, ‘Adamas the Main Co-Contractor of the Ministry of Tourism and Sports Worth 250 M. Now with 109 M. in Debt’ (27 September 2014). Retrieved from www.isranews.org/isranews-scoop/33198-adm.htmlGoogle Scholar
Italianer, A., ‘Fighting Cartels in European and the US: Different Systems, Different Goals’ (2013). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/competition/speeches/text/sp2013_09_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ivaldi, M., Jullien, B., Rey, P., Seabright, P. and Tirole, J., ‘The Economics of Tacit Collusion’ (Final Report for the Directorate General for Competition, European Commission, IDEI, March 2003). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/studies_reports/the_economics_of_tacit_collusion_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Iwase, K., ‘The Role of Competition Policy in Economic Partnership Agreements’ (Lecture at the 12th Technical Training Course on the Antimonopoly Act and Competition Policy, Osaka and Tokyo, 22 August–22 September 2005). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/05/jicatext2/0916Rol.pdfGoogle Scholar
Iyori, H., ‘A Comparison of U.S.-Japan Antitrust Law: Looking at the International Harmonization of Competition Law’ (1995) 4 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 59Google Scholar
Iyori, H. and Uesugi, A., The Antimonopoly Laws and Policies of Japan (Washington, DC: Federal Legal Publications, 1994)Google Scholar
Jacob, H., Blankenburg, E., Kritzer, H. M., Provine, D. M. and Sanders, J., Courts, Law and Politics in Comparative Perspective (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996)Google Scholar
Jaspers, J. D., ‘Leniency in Exchange for Cartel Confessions’ (2020) 17(1) European Journal of Criminology 106Google Scholar
Jenny, F., ‘Foreword’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) vGoogle Scholar
Jephcott, M., ‘The European Commission’s New Leniency Notice—Whistling the Right Tune’ (2002) 23 European Competition Law Review 378Google Scholar
JFTC, ‘Concerning the Enforcement Status of the Antimonopoly Law Infringement Cases of the Fiscal Year 2020’ (5 May 2021). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/houdou/pressrelease/2021/may/210526.html (in Japanese)Google Scholar
JFTC, ‘Enactment of the Act to Amend the Antimonopoly Act’ (2019). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/en/pressreleases/yearly-2019/June/19061907.htmlGoogle Scholar
JFTC, ‘Public Announcement Regarding Businesses to Which the System for Reduction of or Immunity from the Surcharge Applied’ (2021). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/dk/seido/genmen/kouhyou/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
JFTC, ‘Rules on Reporting and Submission of Materials Regarding Immunity from or Reduction of Surcharges (Fair Trade Commission Rule No. 7 of 2005)’ (2005). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/en/legislation_gls/antimonopoly_rules_files/immunityH21.pdfGoogle Scholar
JFTC, ‘Rules on Reporting the Facts and Submitting the Materials Regarding Immunity from or Reduction of Surcharges (Fair Trade Commission Rule No. 3 of 2020)’ (2020). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/en/legislation_gls/201225001.pdfGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. A., Japan: Who Governs? The Rise of the Developmental State (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995)Google Scholar
Johnson, C. A., MITI and the Japanese Miracle – The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1982)Google Scholar
Jolly, R. L. and Prescott, J. J., ‘Beyond Plea Bargaining’ (2020). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3579226Google Scholar
Jung, Y. and Chang, S. W., ‘Korea’s Competition Law and Policies in Perspective: Symposium on Competition Law and Policy in Developing Countries’ (2005–2006) 26 Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business 687Google Scholar
Juška, Ž., ‘The Effectiveness of Antitrust Collective Litigation in the European Union: A Study of the Principle of Full Compensation’ (2018) 49 International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 63Google Scholar
Kaal, W. A. and Vermeulen, E. P. M., ‘How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation: From Facts to Data’ (2017) 57 Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science, and Technology 169Google Scholar
Kameoka, E., Competition Law and Policy in Japan and the EU (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014)Google Scholar
Kang, W., ‘Fully Rethinking Cartel Offence in Terms of Substantive and Constitutional & Procedural Law’ (2020) 176 Justice 113 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Kecsmar, K. and Keidel, A., ‘Shaping the EU Leniency Programme: The Recent Approach Adopted by EU Courts’ (2015) 6(8) Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 556Google Scholar
Keidanren, N., ‘Proposal of Nippon Keidanren Regarding Revision of the Antimonopoly Act Enforcement Systems’ (5 September 2005). Retrieved from www.keidanren.or.jp/english/policy/2003/088.htmlGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, K. C., Competition Law and the World Trade Organisation: The Limits of Multilateralism (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2001)Google Scholar
Keohane, R. and Nye, J. S., Jr, Power and Independence: World Politics in Transition (Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1977)Google Scholar
KFTC, ‘2019 White Paper’ (24 October 2019). Retrieved from www.ftc.go.kr/www/cop/bbs/selectBoardList.do?key=191&bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000002318&bbsTyCode=BBST01 (in Korean)Google Scholar
KFTC, ‘Cartel Leniency Program in Korea’ (2009). Retrieved from https://ftc.go.kr/DATA/download/eng/Quick_Link/Leniency%20Program%20of%20Korea.pdfGoogle Scholar
KFTC, ‘Policy Area: Competition – Cartel’. Retrieved from www.ftc.go.kr/eng/contents.do?key=502Google Scholar
KFTC, ‘Press Release: Amendment to the MRFTA Was Passed by the Congress’ (9 December 2020). Retrieved from www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=8868 (in Korean)Google Scholar
KFTC, ‘Public Notification on the Implementation of the Leniency Programme Including Corrective Measures for Voluntary Reporters, etc. of Illegal Cartel Conduct’ (Notification No. 2021–72, amended 10 June 2021)Google Scholar
Khemani, S. and Dutz, M., ‘The Instruments of Competition Policy and Their Relevance for Economic Development’, in Frischtak, C. (ed.), Regularities Policies and Reform: A Comparative Perspective (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995) 16Google Scholar
Kingsbury, B., Krisch, N. and Stewart, R. B., ‘The Emergence of Global Administrative Law’ (2005) 68 Law and Contemporary Problems 15Google Scholar
Kjaer, P., Between Governing and Governance: On the Emergence, Function and Form of Europe’s Post-National Constellation (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2010)Google Scholar
Klein, G. J., ‘Cartel Destabilization and Leniency Programs – Empirical Evidence’ (ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10–107, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, 2010). Retrieved from www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/44455/1/645296945.pdfGoogle Scholar
Klein, J. I., ‘The War against International Cartels: Lessons from the Battlefront’ (Presentation at Fordham Corporate Law Institute 26th Annual Conference on International Antitrust Law & Policy, New York, 14 October 1999). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/speech/war-against-international-cartels-lessons-battlefrontGoogle Scholar
Knight, T. and Claire, C. S., ‘Reconciling the Conflict: Antitrust Leniency Programs and Private Enforcement’ (Working Paper, 2019). Retrieved from https://people.clas.ufl.edu/thomasknight/files/KnightSteClaire.pdfGoogle Scholar
Knight, T. and de Weert, W., ‘On Implementing Private Damages in European Competition Cases’ (Working Paper, 2015). Retrieved from https://people.clas.ufl.edu/thomasknight/files/PrivateDamages.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, B. H., ‘Deterrence with Multiple Defendants: An Explanation for Unfair Plea Bargains’ (1992) 23(4) Rand Journal of Economics 507Google Scholar
Kobayashi, B. H., ‘Symposium: Antitrust, Agency, and Amnesty: An Economic Analysis of the Enforcement of Antitrust Laws against Corporations’ (2001) 69 George Washington Law Review 715Google Scholar
Koh, S. and Jeong, J., ‘The Leniency Program in Korea and Its Effectiveness’ (2014) 10 Journal of Competition Law & Economics 161Google Scholar
Koma, F., Inoue, A. and Ae, J., ‘Japan’, in Mobley, S. R. and Denton, J. (eds.), Global Cartels Handbook: Leniency: Policy and Procedure (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011) 317Google Scholar
Komesar, N. K., Law’s Limits: The Rule of Law and the Supply and Demand of Rights (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001)Google Scholar
Kon, S. and Barcroft, A., ‘Aspects of the Complementary Roles of Public and Private Enforcement of UK and EU Antitrust Law: An Enforcement Deficit?’ (2008) 1(1) Global Competition Litigation Review 11Google Scholar
Koradia, N., Manokaran, K. and Saeed, Z., ‘Algorithmic Collusion and Indian Competition Act: Suggestions to Tackle Inadequacies and Naivety’, in Van Uytsel, S. (ed.), The Digital Economy and Competition Law in Asia (Singapore: Springer, 2021) 127Google Scholar
Kovacic, W. E., ‘A Case for Capping the Dosage: Leniency and Competition Authority Governance’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 123Google Scholar
Kovacic, W. E., ‘Private Monitoring and Antitrust Enforcement: Paying Informants to Reveal Cartels’ (2001) 69 George Washington Law Review 766Google Scholar
Kovacs, M. and Turi, A., ‘Competition: Leniency after the Antitrust Damages Directive in Hungary: A Compromise between Private and Public Interests?’ CEE Legal Matters (1 August 2018). Retrieved from https://ceelegalmatters.com/hungary/8971-competition-leniency-after-the-antitrust-damages-directive-in-hungary-a-compromise-between-private-and-public-interestsGoogle Scholar
Kroes, N., ‘Taking Competition Seriously – Anti-Trust Reform in Europe’ (Presentation at the International Bar Association/European Commission Conference ‘Anti-trust Reform in Europe: A Year in Practice’, Brussels, 10 March 1999). Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-05-157_en.htmGoogle Scholar
Kum, C. H., Yoon, H. and Park, Y. J., ‘In Brief: Cartel Immunity and Leniency Programmes in South Korea’, Lexology (28 November 2020). Retrieved from www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=620d0f61-bf8c-4f79-b45b-a457c1330018Google Scholar
Kurita, M., ‘Effectiveness and Transparency of Competition Law Enforcement – Causes and Consequences of a Perception Gap between Home and Abroad on the Anti-Monopoly Act Enforcement in Japan’ (2004) 3 Washington University Global Studies Law Review 387Google Scholar
Kwon, N., ‘An Economic Analysis of Leniency in Korea’ (2010) 18(4) Korean Journal of Industrial Organization 41 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Kwon, O. and Seo, J., Antitrust Law, 3rd ed. (Paju: Bobmunsa, 2018) (in Korean)Google Scholar
Lande, R. and Davis, J., ‘Comparative Deterrence from Private Enforcement and Criminal Enforcement of the U.S. Antitrust Laws’ (2011) 37 Brigham Young University Law Review 315Google Scholar
Landeo, C. M. and Spier, K. E., ‘Optimal Law Enforcement with Ordered Leniency’ (2020) 63 Journal of Law and Economics 71Google Scholar
Landes, W. M, ‘Optimal Sanctions for Antitrust Violations’ (1983) 50 University of Chicago Law Review 652Google Scholar
Landes, W. M. and Posner, R. A. ‘Should Indirect Purchasers Have Standing to Sue under the Antitrust Laws? An Economic Analysis of the Rule of Illinois Brick’ (1979) 46 University of Chicago Law Review 602Google Scholar
Lane, E., Lobbying and the Law (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964)Google Scholar
Lee, C., ‘Competition Law Enforcement in Malaysia: Some Recent Developments’ (2014) 51 Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies 77Google Scholar
Lee, C., ‘Malaysia’, in Brooks, D. H. and Evenett, S. J. (eds.), Competition Policy and Development in Asia (London: Palgrave, 2005) 197Google Scholar
Lee, C. and Fukunaga, Y., ‘Competition Policy Challenges of Single Market and Production Base’ (ERIA Discussion Paper Series, 2013).Google Scholar
Lee, H., Kim, K.-W. and Ha, M.-H., ‘Needs and Devices to Protect Statements of Cartel Leniency Applicants from U.S. Discovery’ (2010) 22 Journal of Korean Competition Law 338 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Lee, H. W. and Choi, Y. J., ‘How the New Leniency Program in Korea Affect Cartel Formation and Cartel Detection?’ (2014) 32(2) Korean Journal of Economic Studies 99 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Lee, K. J., ‘Measures to Enhance the Effectiveness of Leniency Programs’ (2018) 31(4) Commercial Cases Review 249 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Lee, M. H., ‘Recent Developments in the Treatment of Collusion by Korean Courts’ (2005) 4(2) Journal of Korean Law 115Google Scholar
Leong, C., ‘A Critical Look into the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010’ (Policy IDEAS No. 36, 2017) Retrieved from https://ideas.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/PI36-Whistleblower-Protection.pdfGoogle Scholar
Leslie, C.R., ‘Editorial: Antitrust Leniency Programmes’ (2011) 7 Competition Law Review 175Google Scholar
Leslie, C. R., ‘Antitrust Amnesty, Game Theory, and Cartel Stability’ (2006) 31 Journal of Corporation Law 453Google Scholar
Levy, N. and O’Donoghue, R., ‘The EU Leniency Programme Comes of Age’ (2004) 27 World Competition 75Google Scholar
Li, C., Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Li, G. and Young, A., ‘Competition Laws and Policies in China and Hong Kong: A Tale of Two Regulatory Journeys’ (2002) 7 Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 186Google Scholar
Liang, D.China’, in Campbell, N. (ed.), Cartel Regulation 2021 (London: Law Business Research, 2021) 74. Retrieved from https://mcmillan.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021_Cartel-Regulation_book_secured.pdfGoogle Scholar
Liao, T. and Li, B. ‘Antitrust Dawn Raids in China: On the Tenth Anniversary of Chinese Antitrust Enforcement’ (2018) 10 China Antitrust Law Journal 1Google Scholar
Lieber, J. B., Rats in the Grain: The Dirty Tricks and Trials of Archer Daniels Midland (New York: Hachette Book Group, 2002)Google Scholar
Linklaters, ‘Order of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce No. 53’ (2010). Retrieved from www.linklaters.com/pdfs/mkt/london/1a.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lowe, P., ‘Setting Enforcement Priorities at European and National Level Post Modernization’ (Presentation at the VIII Treviso Conference, Treviso, 22 May 2008). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/competition/speeches/text/sp2008_17_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lowe, P., ‘What’s the Future for Cartel Enforcement’ (Presentation at the Understanding Global Cartel Enforcement, Brussels, 11 February 2003). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/competition/speeches/text/sp2003_044_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lugard, P. (ed.), The International Competition Network at Ten: Origins, Accomplishments and Aspirations (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2011)Google Scholar
Lynch, N. E., ‘Immunity in Criminal Cartel Investigations: A US Perspective’ (2011). Retrieved from www.lw.com/presentations/immunity-in-criminal-cartel-investigations-us-perspectiveGoogle Scholar
Lynch, N. E. and Fox, K., ‘How ACPERA Has Affected Criminal Cartel Enforcement’ (11 August 2011). Retrieved from https://m.lw.com/thoughtLeadership/how-acpera-affects-criminal-cartel-enforcementGoogle Scholar
Ma, J., Competition Law in China: A Law and Economics Perspective (Heidelberg: Springer, 2019)Google Scholar
Ma, J. and Sokol, D. D.Procedural Fairness in Chinese Antitrust’, in Sokol, D. D. and Guzman, A. T. (eds.), Antitrust: Procedural Fairness (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019) 71Google Scholar
Ma, T.-C., ‘Competition Authority Independence, Antitrust Effectiveness, and Institutions’ (2010) 30 International Review of Law & Economics 226Google Scholar
Maclachlan, P. L., Consumer Politics in Postwar Japan: The Institutional Boundaries of Citizen Activism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002)Google Scholar
Maher, I. and Papadopoulos, A., ‘Competition Agency Networks around the World’, in Ezrachi, A. (ed.), Research Handbook on International Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2012) 60Google Scholar
Marco Colino, S., ‘A History of Competition: The Impact of Antitrust on Hong Kong’s Telecommunications Markets’ (2019) 29 Fordham Journal of Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law 93Google Scholar
Marco Colino, S., ‘The Perks of Being a Whistleblower: Designing Efficient Leniency Programs in New Antitrust Jurisdictions’ (2017) 50 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 535Google Scholar
Marco Colino, S., ‘Punishing Cartel Behaviour: Means to Encourage Compliance with the Hong Kong Competition Ordinance’, in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law and Practice (The Hague: Wolters Kluwer, 2015) 315Google Scholar
Martina, M., ‘EU Lobby Piles in on Foreign Criticism of China’s Antitrust Enforcement’, Reuters (9 September 2014). Retrieved from www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-antitrust-eu/eu-lobby-piles-in-on-foreign-criticism-of-chinas-antitrust-enforcement-idUKKBN0H40SB20140909Google Scholar
Martina, M., ‘Exclusive: Tough-Talking China Pricing Regulator Sought Confessions from Foreign Firms’, Reuters (20 August 2013). Retrieved from https://jp.reuters.com/article/idINL4N0GK18M20130822Google Scholar
Martina, M. and Miller, M., ‘“Mr. Confession” and His Boss Drive China’s Antitrust Crusade’, Reuters (15 September 2014). Retrieved from www.reuters.com/article/us-china-antitrust-ndrc-insight-idUSKBN0HA27X20140915Google Scholar
Martyniszyn, M., ‘Leniency (Amnesty) Plus: A Building Block or a Trojan Horse?’ (2015) 3(2) Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 391Google Scholar
Marvão, C., ‘Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Program – Note by Catarina Marvão – Background Materials for the Meeting of OECD Competition Committee’ (2018). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)32/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
Marvão, C. and Spagnolo, G., ‘Leniency Inflation, Cartel Damages and Criminalization’ (29 June 2021). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3180685.Google Scholar
Marvão, C. and Spagnolo, G., ‘What Do We Know about the Effectiveness of Leniency Policies? A Survey of the Empirical and Experimental Evidence’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 57Google Scholar
Mason, C., The Art of the Steal (New York: Berkeley Publishing Group, 2005)Google Scholar
Matake, Y., ‘Recent Developments Regarding Attorney–Client Privilege’ (2019). Retrieved from www.noandt.com/ja/publications/2019/documents/competitionandantitrust_no11.pdfGoogle Scholar
Matsushita, M., ‘The Antimonopoly Law of Japan’, in Graham, E. M. and Richardson, J. D. (eds.), Global Competition Policy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997) 151Google Scholar
McEwin, I. and Thanitcul, S., ‘Thailand’, in Williams, M. (ed.), The Political Economy of Competition Law in Asia (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013) 251Google Scholar
McMillan, J., ‘Dango: Japan’s Price Fixing Conspiracies’ (1991) 3(3) Economics and Politics 201Google Scholar
Michael, B., ‘Hong Kong Needs a Whistle Blower Law for Better Governance and Business Practices, Researcher Says’, South China Morning Post (11 August 2015). Retrieved from www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1848274/hong-kong-needs-whistle-blower-law-better-governance-andGoogle Scholar
Miller, N. H., ‘Strategic Leniency and Cartel Enforcement’ (2009) 99 American Economic Review 750Google Scholar
Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, ‘Report of Competition Law Review Committee’ (2019). Retrieved from www.ies.gov.in/pdfs/Report-Competition-CLRC.pdfGoogle Scholar
Misawa, M., ‘An Overview of Problems Concerning Political Donations in Japan’ (2008) 21(2) Columbia Journal of Asian Law 161Google Scholar
Mobley, S. and Denton, R. (eds.), Global Cartels Handbook – Leniency: Policy and Procedure (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)Google Scholar
Mogaki, M., ‘The Transforming Japanese State and Governance in Antimonopoly Regulation’ (2014). Retrieved from www.psa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/conference/papers/2014/201404%20PSA%20Conference%20(Mogaki).pdfGoogle Scholar
Mogaki, M., Understanding Governance in Contemporary Japan: Transformation and the Regulatory State (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2019)Google Scholar
Monti, M., ‘Fighting Cartels Why and How? Why Should We Be Concerned with Cartels and Collusive Behaviour?’ (Presentation at 3rd Nordic Competition Policy Conference, Stockholm, 11–12 September 2000). Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-00-295_en.htmGoogle Scholar
Morita, M. K., ‘Structural Impediments Initiative: Is It an Effective Correction of Japan’s Antimonopoly Policy’ (1991) 12 University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 742Google Scholar
Motta, M. and Polo, M., ‘Leniency Programs and Cartel Prosecution’ (2001) 21 International Journal of Industrial Organization 347Google Scholar
Murakami, M., The Japanese Antimonopoly Act (Tokyo: Shouji Houmu, 2003)Google Scholar
Nakano, M., The Policy-Making Process in Contemporary Japan (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997)Google Scholar
Nakazawa, T. and Weiss, L. W., ‘The Legal Cartels of Japan’ (1989) 34 Antitrust Bulletin 641Google Scholar
Nambu, T., ‘A Successful Story: Leniency and (International) Cartel Enforcement in Japan’ (2014) 5(4) Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 158Google Scholar
Nayoung, K. and Yungsan, K., ‘Who Confesses for Leniency: Evidence from Korea’ (2016) 12(2) Journal of Competition Law & Economics 351Google Scholar
NDRC, ‘Order No. 7: Rules on Anti-Price Monopoly’ (29 December 2010). Retrieved from www.gov.cn/flfg/2011-01/04/content_1777969.htm (in Chinese)Google Scholar
Ng, W., The Political Economy of Competition Law in China (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018)Google Scholar
Nicolosi, C., ‘No Good Whistle Goes Unpunished: Can We Protect European Antitrust Leniency Applications from Discovery?’ (2011) 31 Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business 225Google Scholar
Nikomborirak, D., ‘Banana Matters and Monopoly’ (2014). Retrieved from http://thaipublica.org/2015/05/tdri-11-5-2558 (in Thai)Google Scholar
Nikomborirak, D., ‘The Political Economy of Competition Law: The Case of Thailand’ (2006) 26 Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business 597Google Scholar
Nikomborirak, D., ‘The Political Economy of the Competition Regimes in Thailand and Korea: A Comparison’, in Lewis, D. (ed.), Building New Competition Law Regimes: Selected Essays (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013) 110Google Scholar
Ning, S., Yin, H. and Peng, K., ‘China’, in Varney, C. A. and Terzaken, J. (eds.), The Cartels and Leniency Review (London: Law Business Research, 2017) 57Google Scholar
Noonan, L., ‘Banks Face Pushback over Surging Compliance and Regulatory Costs’, Financial Times (28 May 2015). Retrieved from www.ft.com/content/e1323e18-0478-11e5-95ad-00144feabdc0#axzz3jN2kPKMcGoogle Scholar
Nylander, J., ‘Why Hong Kong Needs a Whistleblowing Policy’, Forbes Asia (14 August 2015). Retrieved from www.forbes.com/sites/jnylander/2015/08/14/why-hong-kong-needs-a-whistleblowing-policy/#218c460f71f5Google Scholar
O’Brien, A., ‘Leadership of Leniency’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tan, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in A Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 17Google Scholar
O’Brien, A., ‘Cartel Settlements in the U.S. and EU: Similarities, Differences & Remaining Questions’ (Presented at 13th Annual EU Competition Law and Policy Workshop, Florence, 6 June 2008). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/speech/cartel-settlements-us-and-eu-similarities-differences-remaining-questionsGoogle Scholar
Obsteiner, T., ‘International Antitrust Litigation: How to Manage Multijurisdictional Leniency Applications’ (2013) 4(1) Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 16Google Scholar
O’Connell, J., ‘Rabbit, Revisited – Antitrust Enforcement in China’ (2014) 28(2) Antitrust 6Google Scholar
Oded, S., ‘Leniency and Compliance: Towards an Effective Leniency Policy in the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law’, in Faure, M. G. and Zhang, X. (eds.), The Chinese Antimonopoly Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013) 142Google Scholar
OECD, ‘Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in India’, DAF/COMP/AR(2020)45 (2020). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/AR(2020)45/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Best Practice Roundtables on Competition Policy’ (2021). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/daf/competition/roundtables.htmGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Programmes’ (2018). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/daf/competition/challenges-and-coordination-of-leniency-programmes.htmGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Programmes – Background Note by the Secretariat’, DAF/COMP/WP3(2018)1 (2018). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/WP3(2018)1/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Competition and the Use of Markers in Leniency Programmes’ (2014). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/daf/competition/markers-in-leniency-programmes.htmGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Executive Summary of the Roundtable on Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Programmes’ (2018). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/WP3/M(2018)1/ANN2/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Fighting Hard Core Cartels: Harm, Effective Sanctions and Leniency Programmes’ (2002). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/competition/cartels/1841891.pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, Implementing Good Regulatory Practice in Malaysia (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2015)Google Scholar
OECD, ‘Policy Roundtables: Leniency for Subsequent Applicants’, DAF/COMP(2012)25 (2012). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/daf/competition/Leniencyforsubsequentapplicants2012.pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Private Remedies’ (2011) 11(2) OECD Journal: Competition Law and Policy 11Google Scholar
OECD, ‘Recommendation of the Council Concerning Effective Action against Hard Core Cartels’, C(98)35/FINAL (25 March 1998). Retrieved from https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/public/doc/193/193.en.pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Recommendations and Best Practices on Competition Law and Policy’ (2021). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/daf/competition/recommendations.htmGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Regional Competition Agreements: Benefits and Challenges – Contribution from Singapore’, DAF/COMP/GF/WD(2018)75 (2018). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/GF/WD(2018)75/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Report on Leniency Programs to Fight Hard Core Cartels’, Document DAFFE/CLP (27 April 2001)Google Scholar
OECD, ‘Resolution of the Council Concerning the Committee of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices and Amending Its Name and Terms of Reference’, C(87)138(Final) (2020). Retrieved from https://oecdgroups.oecd.org/Bodies/ShowBodyView.aspx?BodyID=1673&Lang=enGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Roundtable on Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Programmes – Note by Singapore’, DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)19 (2018). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/daf/competition/challenges-and-coordination-of-leniency-programmes.htmGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Roundtable on Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Programmes – Note by Taiwan’, DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)20 (5 June 2018). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)20/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Roundtable on Challenges and Co-ordination of Leniency Programmes – Note by the United States’, DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)33 (23 May 2018). Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)33/en/pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, ‘Roundtable on Collusion and Corruption in Public Procurement’, DAF/COMP/GF(2010)6 (2010). Retrieved from www.oecd.org/competition/cartels/46235884.pdfGoogle Scholar
OECD, Trade and Competition Policies for Tomorrow (Paris: OECD Publishing, 1999)Google Scholar
Office of Fair Trading, ‘Applications for Leniency and No Action in Cartel Cases: OFT’s Detailed Guidance on the Principles and Process’, OFT1495 (2013). Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/284417/OFT1495.pdfGoogle Scholar
Office of Trade Competition Commission, ‘Summary of Complaints Received from 2018–August 2019’ (24 June 2021). Retrieved from https://tcct.or.th/view/1/Summary_of_complaint_statistics/TH-TH (in Thai)Google Scholar
O’Fiachain, B., ‘The Criminal Cartel Offence: Considerations for Effective Enforcement’ (2017) 17 University College Dublin Law Review 36Google Scholar
O’Kane, M., The Law of Criminal Cartels: Practice and Procedure (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)Google Scholar
Ong, B., ‘Competition Law and Policy in the ASEAN Region: Origins, Objectives and Opportunities’, in Ong, B. (ed.), The Regionalisation of Competition Law and Policy within the ASEAN Economic Community (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2019) 1Google Scholar
Ong, B., ‘Competition Law in Singapore: The First Decade’, in Van Uytsel, S. Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 151Google Scholar
Paopongsakorn, N., ‘The New Competition Law in Thailand: Lessons for Institutional Building’ (2002) 21 Review of Industrial Organization 185Google Scholar
Park, S., ‘Key Issues and Implications of the Leniency Policy’ (2018) 116 Justice 301 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Park, S. B., ‘Practical Issues and Proposed Solutions for the Current Leniency Program’ (2012) 26 Journal of Korean Competition Law 3Google Scholar
Park, S. B., ‘Practical Issues in the Enforcement of Leniency Program in Korea’ (2015) 15 Journal of Korean Law 73Google Scholar
Parthasarathy, S., Competition Law in India (Alphen aan de Rijn: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2011)Google Scholar
Pelkmans, J., The ASEAN Economic Community: A Conceptual Approach (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2016)Google Scholar
Petkoski, D., Sánchez-Calero, P. and Bello, A., ‘Reduction in Leniency; Drop in Enforcement?’ Lexology (15 August 2019). Retrieved from www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=62d7c2fb-a154-40a5-989e-465e0c5da31Google Scholar
Ping, L. and Chen, E., ‘Competition Policy under Laissez-Faireism: Market Power and Its Treatment in Hong Kong’ (2002) 21 Review of Industrial Organization 145Google Scholar
PLC Cross-Border Handbooks, Competition: Volume 2 – Leniency (Toronto: Practical Law Company, 2008)Google Scholar
Poapongsakorn, N., ‘The New Competition Law in Thailand: Lessons for Institution Building’ (2002) 21(2) Review of Industrial Organization 185Google Scholar
Porananond, P., Competition Law in the ASEAN Countries: Regional Law and National Systems (The Hague: Wolters Kluwer, 2018)Google Scholar
Prodigalidad, P.-A. T. and Ocampo, C. L. D., ‘Philippines’, in Gotts, I. K. and Schwartz, K. S. (eds.), The Private Competition Enforcement Review, 14th ed. (London: Law Business Research, 2021) 192Google Scholar
Rathi, S. and Seth, R., ‘Awards for Compensation in Antitrust: The Road Less Travelled in India’, CPI Competition Policy International (23 April 2020). Retrieved from www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/awards-for-compensation-in-antitrust-the-road-less-travelled-in-indiaGoogle Scholar
Rey, P., ‘On the Use of Economic Analysis in Cartel Detection’, in Ehlermann, C. D. and Atanasiu, I. (eds.), Competition Law Annual 2006: Enforcement of Prohibition of Cartels (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007) 81Google Scholar
Reynolds, M. and Anderson, D., ‘Immunity and Leniency in EU Cartel Cases: Current Issues’ (2006) 27 European Competition Law Review 82Google Scholar
Riley, A., ‘Cartel Whistleblowing: Toward an American Model’ (2002) 9 Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 67Google Scholar
Riley, A., ‘The Modernisation of EU Anti-Cartel Enforcement: Will the Commission Grasp the Opportunity?’ (CEPS Special Report, January 2010)Google Scholar
Rock, E. B. and Rubinfeld, D. L., ‘Common Ownership and Coordinated Effects’ (New York University School of Law, Law & Economics Research Paper Series, Working Paper No. 18–40, 2018). Retrieved from www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/Rock%20and%20Rubinfeld%20II%20SSRN-id3296488.pdfGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, A. E. and Menon, A., The Limits of Competition Policy: The Shortcomings of Antitrust in Developing and Reforming Economies (Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2010)Google Scholar
Sabel, C. and Zeitlin, J., ‘Learning from Difference: The New Architecture of Experimentalist Governance in the EU’ (European Governance Papers No. C-07-02, 2002)Google Scholar
Salemme, E., Enforcing European Competition Law through Leniency Programmes in the Light of Fundamental Rights: With an Overview of the US Leniency Programme (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2019)Google Scholar
Sandhu, J. S., ‘The European Commission’s Leniency Policy: A Success?’ (2007) 28(3) European Competition Law Review 148Google Scholar
Schaede, U., Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)Google Scholar
Schmidt, J., ‘Keeping US Courts Open to Foreign Antitrust Plaintiffs: A Hybrid Approach to the Effective Deterrence of International Cartels’ (2006) 31 Yale Journal of International Law 211Google Scholar
Schroll, G, Der Einfluss interner und externer Faktoren auf die Effektivität der Kronzeugenprogramme der EU-Kommission und des Bundeskartellamtes (Bern: Peter Lang, 2012)Google Scholar
Sharma, M. M., ‘Private Antitrust Litigation in India: Overview’ (2019). Retrieved from https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-021-3374?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=trueGoogle Scholar
Sharot, T., ‘The Optimism Bias’ (2011) 21(23) Current Biology R941Google Scholar
Shenefield, J. H., ‘The Disclosure of Antitrust Violations and Prosecutorial Discretion’ (1978) 48(1) Antitrust Law Journal 463Google Scholar
Sheth, M., ‘Formulating Antitrust Policy in Emerging Economies’ (1997) 86 Georgetown Law Journal 451Google Scholar
Shiau, D. and Chen, E., ‘Emerging Trends in Leniency Regimes in Southeast Asia – How These Impact on Multi-Jurisdiction Leniency Strategy’ (2017) 38 European Competition Law Review 165Google Scholar
Shi, S.-H. and Chuang, C.-F., ‘The Study on the Implementation Effectiveness of Leniency Policy of Other Countries’ (Research Project Report Commissioned by the TFTC, November 2017)Google Scholar
Shinagawa, T. and Iwanari, H., Reduction and Immunity from the Surcharge under the Antimonopoly Law (Tokyo: Koutori Kyoukai, 2010) (in Japanese)Google Scholar
Shiraishi, T., Dokusen Kinshi Hou [The Antimonopoly Law] (Tokyo: Yuhikaku Publishing, 2006)Google Scholar
Shry-Hau, S., ‘A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficacy of the Leniency Program: What Can Taiwan Learn from the Success Stories of the USA, Germany and Korea?’ (2018) 26 Fair Trade Quarterly 115Google Scholar
Simmons, I. and O’Rourke, K., ‘Reflections on Cartel Enforcement’ (2012) 27(1) Antitrust 33Google Scholar
Simpson, S., Corporate Crime, Law & Social Control (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002)Google Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M., A New World Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)Google Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M., ‘The Real New World Order’ (1997) 47 Foreign Affairs 183Google Scholar
Snyder, B., ‘Leniency Programmes: Brent Snyder Shares Tips on Effective Leniency Programmes’ (OECD Competition Division, 20 August 2018). Retrieved from www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJSNoWD0vb8Google Scholar
Snyder, F., ‘The Effectiveness of European Community Law: Institutions, Processes, Tools and Techniques’ (1993) 56 Modern Law Review 19Google Scholar
Soderbergh, S., The Informant (Los Angeles: Warner Bros Pictures, 2009)Google Scholar
Sokol, D. D., ‘Cartels, Corporate Compliance, and What Practitioners Really Think about Enforcement’ (2012) 78 Antitrust Law Journal 201Google Scholar
Son, Y.-H., ‘Discussion over Abolishment of Exclusive Complaint Right under the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act’ (2018) 32(4) Business Law Review 225 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Spagnolo, G., ‘Divide et Impera: Optimal Leniency Programs’ (Stockholm School of Economics, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 4840, 2004). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=716143Google Scholar
Spagnolo, G., ‘Divide et Impera: Optimal Leniency Programs’ (Stockholm School of Economics, 2005) Retrieved from http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/veranstaltungen/rnic/papers/GiancarloSpagnolo.pdfGoogle Scholar
Spagnolo, G., ‘Leniency and Whistleblowers in Antitrust’, in Buccirosi, P. (ed.), Handbook of Antitrust Economics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008) 259Google Scholar
Spagnolo, G., ‘Optimal Leniency Programs’ (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Working Paper 42.2000, 2000). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=235092Google Scholar
Spratling, G. R., ‘The Corporate Leniency Policy: Answers to Recurring Questions’ (Presentation at the ABA Antitrust Section Spring Meeting, Washington, DC, 1 April 1998)Google Scholar
Spratling, G. R., ‘Detection and Deterrence: Rewarding Informants for Reporting Violations’ (2001) 69 George Washington Law Review 798.Google Scholar
Spratling, G. R., ‘The Experience and Views of the Antitrust Division – Address at the US Sentencing Commission Symposium: Corporate Crime in America: Strengthening the ‘Good Citizen’ Corporation, 8 September 1995’, in Ewing, K. P. (ed.), Competition Rules for the 21st Century: Principles from the America’s Experience, 2nd ed. (The Hague: Kluwer Law, 2006) 623Google Scholar
Spratling, G. R., ‘Making Companies an Offer They Shouldn’t Refuse’ (Presentation at the 35th Annual Symposium on Associations and Antitrust, Washington, DC, 16 February 1999)Google Scholar
Stephan, A., ‘An Empirical Assessment of the 1996 Leniency Notice’ (ESRC Centre for Competition Policy and the Norwich Law School, Working Paper No. 05–10, 2005). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=911592Google Scholar
Stephan, A., ‘An Empirical Assessment of the European Leniency Notice’ (2008) 5 Journal of Competition Law & Economics 537Google Scholar
Stephan, A., ‘The EU Method of Antitrust Enforcement’, in Healey, D., Jacobs, M. and Smith, R. (eds.), Research Handbook on Methods and Models of Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 391Google Scholar
Stephan, A., ‘Is the Korean Innovation of Individual Informant Rewards a Viable Cartel Detection Tool?’ in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law and Practice (The Hague: Wolters Kluwer, 2015) 109Google Scholar
Stephan, A. and Nikpay, A., ‘Leniency Decision-Making from a Corporate Perspective: Complex Realities’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 139Google Scholar
Stephan, A. and Nikpay, A., ‘Leniency Theory and Complex Realities’ (CCP Working Paper 14–8, 2014). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2537470Google Scholar
Stucke, M. E., ‘Am I a Price Fixer? A Behavioral Economics Analysis of Cartels’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Ezrachi, A. (eds.), Criminalising Cartels: Critical Studies of an International Regulatory Movement (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2011) 263Google Scholar
Stucke, M. E., ‘Greater International Convergence and the Behavioral Antitrust Ambit’, in Ezrachi, A. (ed.), Research Handbook on International Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014) 158Google Scholar
Suurnäkki, S. and Tierno Centella, M., ‘Commission Adopts Revised Leniency Notice to Reward Companies That Report Hard-Core Cartels’ (2007) 1 Competition Policy Newsletter 7Google Scholar
Suwazono, S., The 2005 Amendments of the Antimonopoly Law – An Article-by-Article Commentary of the New Surcharge System and the Hearing/Criminal Investigation System (Tokyo: Shojihoumu, 2005) (in Japanese)Google Scholar
Suwazono, S., ‘A Japanese View of Competition Law Enforcement’, InformaConnect (21 November 2016). Retrieved from https://informaconnect.com/a-japanese-view-of-competition-law-enforcement.Google Scholar
Suzuki, K., Competition Law Reform in Britain and Japan: Comparative Analysis of Policy Networks (Oxford: Routledge, 2002)Google Scholar
Suzuki, M., ‘Japan’ (2010) 32(2) Antitrust 37Google Scholar
Svetiev, Y., Experimentalist Competition Law and the Regulation of Markets (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2020)Google Scholar
Svetiev, Y., ‘Partial Formalization of the Regulatory Network’ (2010). Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1564890&download=yesGoogle Scholar
Svetiev, Y. and Wang, L., ‘Competition Law Enforcement in China: Between Technocracy and Industrial Policy’ (2016) 79(4) Law and Contemporary Problems 187. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4807&context=lcpGoogle Scholar
Swaak, C. and Arp, D., ‘A Tempting Offer: Immunity from Fines for Cartel Conduct under the European Commission’s New Leniency Notice’ (2003) 24 European Competition Law Review 9Google Scholar
Takeshima, K., ‘Leniency Programme and Bid Riggings in Public Sector – Enforcement Experiences in Japan’ (2007). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/en/policy_enforcement/speeches/2007/saicsymposium2007.htmlGoogle Scholar
Terakawa, Y., ‘International Exchange of Information between Competition Authorities: Update on Recent Bilateral Developments in Japan’ (Presentation at 5th International Cartels Workshop, Brussels, 1–3 October 2003). Retrieved from https://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/download/digidepo_1254664_po_terakawa_icw_031003.pdf?contentNo=1&alternativeNo=Google Scholar
Tett, G., Fool’s Gold: The Inside Story of J.P. Morgan and How Wall St. Greed Corrupted Its Bold Dream and Created a Financial Catastrophe (New York: Free Press, 2010)Google Scholar
Teubner, G., Dilemmas of Law in the Welfare State (London: De Gruyter, 1986)Google Scholar
Thaipublica, ‘12 Years of Failure to Enforce the Thai Trade Competition Act (An Interview with the Ex-Commissioner Pornapa Thaicharoen’ (4 February 2012). Retrieved from http://thaipublica.org/2012/02/competition-act-12-enforcement-has-failedGoogle Scholar
Thanitcul, S., ‘Competition Law in Thailand: A Preliminary Analysis’ (2002) 1 Washington University Global Studies Law Review 171Google Scholar
Thanitkul, S., ‘Competition Law in Thailand: In Transition to an Operational Law’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 118Google Scholar
Tuan, N. A., ‘A Review of Ten Years of Enforcement: Challenges and Prospects of the Vietnamese Cartel Regime’, in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law and Practice (Hong Kong: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2015) 211Google Scholar
Uesugi, A., ‘The Japanese Leniency Programme – One Year In’ (2007) 21 Antitrust 79Google Scholar
Uesugi, A., ‘A Leniency Programme à la Japonnaise – How It Is Going to Be Enforced’ (2005). Retrieved from www.jftc.go.jp/en/policy_enforcement/speeches/2005_files/051116uesugi_aba.pdfGoogle Scholar
Uesugi, A., ‘How Japan Is Tackling Enforcement Activities against Cartels’ (2005) 13 George Mason Law Review 349Google Scholar
Uesugi, A., ‘Japan’s Cartel System and Its Impact on International Trade’ (1986) 27 Harvard International Law Review 389Google Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘About UNCTAD’ (2021). Retrieved from https://unctad.org/aboutGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘About UNCTAD: History’ (2021). Retrieved from https://unctad.org/about/historyGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘About UNCTAD-MENA’ (2018). Retrieved from https://unctadmena.org/aboutGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘Competition Guidelines: Leniency Programmes’ (22 June 2016). Retrieved from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditcclp2016d3_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘Sixth United Nations Conference to Review all Aspect of the Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices’ (2010). Retrieved from https://unctad.org/meeting/sixth-united-nations-conference-review-all-aspect-set-multilaterally-agreed-equitableGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘The Role of Competition Policy in Promoting Economic Development: The Appropriate Design and Effectiveness of Competition Law and Policy’, TD/RBP/CONF.7/3 (2010). Retrieved from unctad.org/en/Docs/tdrbpconf7d3_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD, ‘UNCTAD MENA Programme 1st Annual Review Meeting’ (2017). Retrieved from http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspx?meetingid=1386Google Scholar
USC US-China Institute, ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform, November 12, 2013’ (12 November 2013). Retrieved from https://china.usc.edu/decision-central-committee-communist-party-china-some-major-issues-concerning-comprehensivelyGoogle Scholar
US Department of Justice, Antitrust Division Manual, 5th ed. (2014). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/file/761166/downloadGoogle Scholar
US Department of Justice, ‘Corporate Leniency Policy’ (1993). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/file/810281/downloadGoogle Scholar
US Department of Justice, ‘Frequently Asked Questions about the Antitrust Division’s Leniency Program and Model Leniency Letters’ (2017). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/page/file/926521/downloadGoogle Scholar
US Department of Justice, ‘Individual Leniency Policy’ (1994). Retrieved from www.justice.gov/atr/individual-leniency-policyGoogle Scholar
Utton, M. A., Cartels and Economic Collusion: The Persistence of Corporate Conspiracies (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2011)Google Scholar
Van Barlingen, B., ‘The European Commission’s 2002 Leniency Notice after One Year of Operation’ (2003) (2) Competition Policy Newsletter 16Google Scholar
Van Barlingen, B. and Barennes, M., ‘The European Commission’s 2002 Leniency Notice in Practice’ (2005) 3 Competition Policy Newsletter 6Google Scholar
Van den Bergh, R. J. and Camesasca, P. D., European Competition Law and Economics: A Comparative Perspective, 2nd ed. (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2006)Google Scholar
Van den Bergh, R. and Faure, M.Critical Issues in the Enforcement of the Anti-monopoly law in China: A Law and Economics Perspective’, in Faure, M. G. and Zhang, X. (eds.), Competition Policy and Regulation: Recent Developments in China, the US and Europe (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2011) 54Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘Adopting Competition Law in Asia: An Increasingly Complex Reality’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 2Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘Am I a Bid Rigger? How Bureaucrats Came within the Focus of Regulating Bid Rigging in Japan’ (Presentation at the 13th Asian Competition Forum, Hong Kong, 11 and 12 December 2017).Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘Anti-Cartel Enforcement in Japan: Does Leniency Make the Difference?’ in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 81Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S. ‘A Comparative US and EU Perspective on the Japanese Antimonopoly Law’s Leniency Program’ (2008) 75 Hosei Kenkyu F1Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘The Hybridization of Competition Law Enforcement: Some Lessons from Japan’s Introduction of the Leniency Program’ (ASLI Working Paper Series, Working Paper Series No.027, 2012)Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘The International Competition Network, Its Leniency Best Practice and Legitimacy: An Argument for Introducing a Review System’, in Fenwick, M., Van Uytsel, S. and Wrbka, S. (eds.), Networked Governance, Transnational Business and the Law (Berlin: Springer, 2014) 185Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘Leniency under the Japanese Antimonopoly Law: Towards the End of the Cartel Archipelago?’ in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law and Practice (Hong Kong: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2015) 67Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S., ‘The Proliferation of Competition Law in Asia: From Forced Adoption to an Integration Project’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 25Google Scholar
Van Uytsel, S. and Ying, B., ‘Delayed Leniency Applications – The Unfortunate But Predictable Outcome of the Flexible Leniency Policies under the Chinese Antimonopoly Law’, in Fenwick, M. and Wrbka, S. (eds.), Flexibility in Modern Business Law: A Comparative Assessment (Singapore: Springer, 2016) 91Google Scholar
Vande Walle, S., ‘Competition and Competition Law in Japan: Between Skepticism and Embrace’, in Dowdle, M. W., Gillespie, J. and Maher, I. (eds.), Asian Capitalism and the Regulation of Competition: Towards a Regulatory Geography of Global Competition Law (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013) 123Google Scholar
Vande Walle, S., ‘Deterrence of Antitrust Violations: Do Actions for Damages Matter in Japan?’ (2012) 2 Asian Journal of Law and Economics 3Google Scholar
Vande Walle, S., ‘The Saitama Saturday Club Case: Political Meddling, Public Opinion, and Antitrust Enforcement in Japan at a Turning Point’ (2013) 36 Journal of Japanese Law 143Google Scholar
Varian, H. R., Intermediate Microeconomics, 9th ed. (New York: W.W. Norton, 2020)Google Scholar
Vedder, H., ‘The Kone Case and the Lifts Cartel – An Upward Effect on Prices and Effectiveness?’ European Law Blog (19 June 2014). Retrieved from http://europeanlawblog.eu/?p=2397Google Scholar
Veljanovski, C., ‘Cartel Fines in Europe – Law, Practice and Deterrence’ (2007). Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=920786Google Scholar
Voss, K., ‘Between Enforcement and Regulation: A Study of the System of Case Resolution Mechanisms Used by the European Commission in the Enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU’ (Doctoral Thesis, Stockholm University, 2019)Google Scholar
Wahyuningtyas, S. Y., ‘Challenges in Combating Cartels, 14 Years after the Enactment of Indonesian Competition Law’ (2014) 7(10) Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 279Google Scholar
Wahyuningtyas, S. Y., ‘Indonesian Competition Law: Up for Renewal’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 100Google Scholar
Wakui, M., Antimonopoly Law: Competition Law and Policy in Japan (Bury St Edmunds: Arima Publishing, 2008)Google Scholar
Wakui, M., ‘Bid Rigging Initiated by Government Officials: The Conjuncture of Collusion and Corruption in Japan’, in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law and Practice (The Hague: Wolters Kluwer, 2015) 41Google Scholar
Walsh, D. J., ‘Carrots and Sticks – Leniency and Fines in EC Cartel Cases’ (2009) 30(1) European Competition Law Review 30Google Scholar
Wanandi, Y., ‘ASEAN’s Past and the Challenges Ahead: Aspects of Politics and Security’, in Tay, S. S. C., Estanislao, J. P., Soesastro, C. (eds.), Reinventing ASEAN (Singapore: ISEAS, 2001) 25Google Scholar
Wang, K., Yang, M. and Zhang, D., ‘China’s New State Administration for Market Regulation: What to Know and What to Expect’, Ropes & Gray Alert (2018). Retrieved from www.ropesgray.com/en/newsroom/alerts/2018/04/Chinas-New-State-Market-Regulatory-Administration-What-to-Know-and-What-to-ExpectGoogle Scholar
Wang, M.-Y., ‘Analysis and Review of Leniency Policy and Reward Programs’ (2016) 25 Fair Trade Quarterly 127Google Scholar
Wang, P., Zhang, Y. and Xue, Q., ‘Combination of China’s Three Antitrust Enforcement Agencies May Bring More Aggressive Enforcement over Long Run’ (June 2018). Retrieved from www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2018/06/combination-of-chinas-three-antitrust-enforcementGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., The Evolution of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014)Google Scholar
Wang, X., ‘Retrospectives and Prospects of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law’, in Van Uytsel, S., Hayashi, S. and Haley, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 209Google Scholar
Wang, X. and Su, J., Competition Law in China (Alphen aan de Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2012)Google Scholar
Warin, F. J. and Jaffe, P. E., ‘The Deferred-Prosecution Jigsaw Puzzle: A Modest Proposal for Reform; (2005) 19 Andrews Litigation Report 3Google Scholar
Weber Waller, S., ‘Towards a Constructive Public-Private Partnership to Enforce Competition Law’ (2006) 29 World Competition 367Google Scholar
Werden, G., ‘Deterrence and Detection of Cartels: Using All the Tools and Sanctions’ (Presentation at the ABA Center for Continuing Legal Education, Miami, 1 March 2012)Google Scholar
Werden, G., Hammond, S. and Barnett, B., ‘Detection and Deterrence of Cartels: Using All the Tools and Sanctions’ (2011) 56 Antitrust Bulletin 207Google Scholar
Whelan, P., ‘Criminal Cartel Enforcement in the EU: Avoiding a Human Rights Trade-Off’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Ezrachi, A. (eds.), Criminalising Cartels: Critical Studies of an International Regulatory Movement (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2011) 217Google Scholar
Whelan, P., The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement: Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014)Google Scholar
Whish, R. and Bailey, D., Competition Law, 10th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)Google Scholar
White, L. J., ‘Lysine and Price Fixing: How Long? How Severe?’ (2001) 18 Review of Industrial Organization 23Google Scholar
Williams, M., ‘Cartel Prohibition and the Search for Deterrent Penalties: The United States, the European Union, Australia and China Compared’, in Healey, D., Jacobs, M. and Smith, R. (eds.), Research Handbook on Methods and Models of Competition Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2020) 116Google Scholar
Williams, M., ‘Competition Law in Thailand: Seeds of Success or Fated to Fail?’ (2004) 27 World Competition 459Google Scholar
Williams, M., ‘Leniency Policy with Chinese Characteristics’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Tran, C. (eds.), Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age: Leniency Religion (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015) 33Google Scholar
Williams, M., ‘Seeds of Its Own Destruction: Hong Kong’s Dysfunctional Competition Policy’ (2006) 1 Journal of Business Law 52Google Scholar
Williams, R., ‘Cartels in the Criminal Law Landscape’, in Beaton-Wells, C. and Ezrachi, A. (eds.), Criminalising Cartels: Critical Studies of an International Regulatory Movement (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2011) 311Google Scholar
Wils, W. P. J., ‘Is Criminalization of EU Competition Law the Answer?’ (2005) 28 World Competition 117Google Scholar
Wils, W. P. J., ‘Leniency in Antitrust Enforcement: Theory and Practice’ (2007) 30 World Competition 25Google Scholar
Wils, W. P. J., ‘The Use of Leniency in EU Cartel Enforcement: An Assessment after Twenty Years’ (2016) 39(3) World Competition 327Google Scholar
Woodall, B., Japan under Construction: Corruption, Politics, and Public Works (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996)Google Scholar
Woodall, B., ‘The Logic of Collusive Action: The Political Roots of Japan’s Dangō System’ (1993) 25(3) The Journal of Comparative Politics 297Google Scholar
World Bank, ‘Malaysia – Enterprise Survey 2015’ (2017). Retrieved from https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2804Google Scholar
World Economic Forum, ‘The Global Competitiveness Report Index 4.0 2019 edition (Singapore)’ (2019). Retrieved from http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2019/economy-profiles/#economy=SGPGoogle Scholar
Wu, S., Hsieh, Y. and Wu, W.-H., ‘Leniency Programme in Taiwan: The Impact of a “Whistle Blower” System in Eastern Culture’. (2013). Retrieved from www.leeandli.com/Att/Profile/Euromoney%20-%20Taiwan%20competition.pdfGoogle Scholar
Xu, Sh. and Tao, T., ‘Monopoly Agreements, Trade Associations and Competition Culture in China’, in Cheng, T., Marco Colino, S. and Ong, B. (eds.), Cartels in Asia: Law and Practice (Hong Kong: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2015) 255Google Scholar
Xue, Q. and Yang, X.Anti-Cartel Law and Enforcement in China: A Survey’, in Emch, A. and Stallibras, D. (eds.), China’s Anti-Monopoly Law: The First Five Years (The Hague: Wolters Kluwer, 2013) 83Google Scholar
Yang, M.-Ch., ‘Competition Law and Policy of the Republic of Korea’ (2009) 54(3) Antitrust Bulletin 621Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, S., ‘Fair Trade Commission vs. MITI: History of the Conflicts between the Antimonopoly Policy and the Industrial Policy in Post War Period of Japan’ (1983) 15 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 489Google Scholar
Ysewyn, J. and Kahmann, S., ‘The Decline and Fall of the Leniency Program in Europe’ (2018) 1 Concurrence 44Google Scholar
Yu, X., Jiang, H. and Ling, Z., ‘How Does the Leniency Program Apply to Monopoly Agreement Cases? Highlights of the Relevant Antitrust Guidelines’ (2020) (in Chinese). Retrieved from www.sohu.com/a/415223549_120051855Google Scholar
Yun, S.-U. and Song, J.-H., ‘Practical Issues of the Current Leniency Program’ (2009) 20 Journal of Korean Competition Law 263 (in Korean)Google Scholar
Zetzsche, D. A., ‘Regulating a Revolution: From Regulatory Sandboxes to Smart Regulation’ (2017) 23 Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law 31Google Scholar
Zhang, A.H., Chinese Antitrust Exceptionalism: How the Rise of China Challenges Global Regulation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)Google Scholar
Zhang, A. H., ‘Bureaucratic Politics and China’s Anti-Monopoly Law’ (2014) 47(3) Cornell International Law Journal 671Google Scholar
Zhang, A. H., ‘Commentary: Why Did China Wait So Long to Crack Down on Alibaba?’ (4 February 2021). Retrieved from www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/chinese-tech-giant-alibaba-jack-ma-regulation-ant-300791Google Scholar
Zhang, A. H., ‘The Role of Media in Antitrust: Evidence from China’ (2018) 41 Fordham International Law Journal 473Google Scholar
Zhang, A. H., ‘Strategic Public Shaming: Evidence from Chinese Antitrust’ (2017). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2943268Google Scholar
Zhang, C. and Sun, S., ‘What Determines Antitrust Fines in China?’ (2019) 40 European Competition Law Review 47Google Scholar
Zhang, X. and Zhang, V. Y., ‘New Developments in China’s Competition Policy against Monopolistic/Collusive Agreements’, in Faure, M. and Xu, G. (eds.), Economics and Regulation in China (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013), 109Google Scholar
Zhang, Z. and Wu, B., ‘Governing China’s Administrative Monopolies under the Anti-Monopoly Law: A Ten-Year Review (2008–2018) and Beyond’ (2018). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3294291Google Scholar
Zhiyue, B., ‘Commentary: Why China’s US$2.8 Billion Fine Is a Huge Relief for Alibaba’ (14 April 2021). Retrieved from www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/china-fine-alibaba-billions-monopoly-behaviour-jack-ma-215146Google Scholar
Zhou, J., ‘Evaluating Leniency with Missing Information on Undetected Cartels: Exploring Time-Varying Policy Impacts on Cartel Duration’ (GESY Discussion Paper No 353, University of Munich, April 2011). Retrieved from https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13201/1/353_01.pdfGoogle Scholar
Zingales, N., ‘European and American Leniency Programmes: Two Models towards Convergence’ (2008) 5(1) Competition Law Review 5Google Scholar
Zisler, A., ‘The Work of the OECD Committee of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices’ (1974) 19 Antitrust Bulletin 289Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×