Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Part I Background information – description of the field characteristics, mineralogy and geochemistry of komatiites
- Part II Interpretation – the manner of emplacement, the origin and the tectonic setting of komatiites
- References
- General index
- Localities
- Plate section
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 August 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Part I Background information – description of the field characteristics, mineralogy and geochemistry of komatiites
- Part II Interpretation – the manner of emplacement, the origin and the tectonic setting of komatiites
- References
- General index
- Localities
- Plate section
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Komatiite , pp. 415 - 458Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
References
(1953) Geology of Sothman Township. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report, 62, 36p.Google Scholar
(1998) Crystal–liquid density inversions in terrestrial and lunar magmas. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 107, 63–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1988a) Static compression and olivine flotation in ultrabasic silicate liquid. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 3437–3449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1988b) Mass balance and phase density constraints on early differentiation of chondritic mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90, 144–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1984) Petrology, and geochemistry of komatiites and tholeiites from Gorgona Island, Colombia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86, 94–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983) Thermal limitations to the ascent of hydrated magmas. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de Sciences de Paris, 296, 1441–1444.Google Scholar
Allègre, C. J. (1982) Genesis of Archaean komatiites in a wet ultramafic subducted plate. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 495–500. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, , (1973) Strontium isotopic studies of the mafic and felsic rocks of the Onverwacht group of the Swaziland sequence. Geologische Rundschau, 62, 902–912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994) Komatiites and picrites: Evidence for a depleted “plume” source, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 128, 303–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1999) Pulsed inflation of pahoehoe lava flows: implications for flood basalt emplacement. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 168, 7–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2000) Reply to: Self et al. discussion of ‘Pulsed inflation of pahoehoe lava flows: implications for flood basalt emplacement’. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 179, 425–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anhaeusser, C. R. (1985). Archaean layered ultramafic complexes in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. In: , , and (eds.) Evolution of Archaean Supracrustal Sequences, pp. 281–301. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 28. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.Google Scholar
Arndt, N. T. (1975) Ultramafic rocks of Munro Township and their volcanic setting. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto.
(1976a) Melting relations of ultramafic lavas (komatiites) at 1 atm and high pressure. Carnegie Institution Washington Yearbook, 75, 555–562.Google Scholar
Arndt, N. T.(1976b) Ultramafic lavas in Munro Township: economic and tectonic implications. In: (ed.) Metallogeny and Plate Tectonics, pp. 617–658. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 14. Ottawa: Geological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
(1977a) Partitioning of nickel between olivine and ultrabasic and basic komatiite liquids. Carnegie Institution Washington Yearbook, 76, 553–557.Google Scholar
(1977b) Thick, layered periodotite-gabbro lava flows in Munro Township, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 2620–2637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1977c) Ultrabasic magmas and high-degree melting of the mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 64, 205–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982) Proterozoic spinifex-textured basalts of Gilmour Island, Hudson Bay. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 83–1A, 137–142.Google Scholar
(1986a) Differentiation of komatiite flows. Journal of Petrology, 27, 279–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986c) Spinifex and swirling olivines in a komatiite lava lake, Munro Township, Canada. Precambrian Research, 34, 139–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arndt, N. T.(1994) Archean komatiites. In: (ed.) Archean Crustal Evolution, pp. 11–44. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
(1998) Why was flood volcanism on submerged continental platforms so common in the Precambrian? Precambrian Research, 97, 155–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003) Komatiites, kimberlites and boninites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, B6, 2293, doi:10.1029/2002JB002157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Albarède, F., Nisbet, E. G. (1997a) Mafic and ultramafic magmatism. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts, pp. 233–254. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Brügmann, G. E., Lehnert, K., Chauvel, C., Chappell, B. W. (1987) Geochemistry, petrogenesis and tectonic environment of Circum-Superior Belt basalts, Canada. In: , and (eds.) Geochemistry and Mineralization of Proterozoic Volcanic Suites. pp. 133–145. Geological Society Special Publication. London: Geological Society.Google Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Bruzak, G., Reischmann, T. (2001) The oldest continental and oceanic plateaus: geochemistry of basalts and komatiites of the Pilbara Craton, Australia. In: & (eds) Mantle Plumes: Their Identification through Time, pp. 359–388, Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 352. Boulder: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
, , , (1998b) Two mantle sources, two plumbing systems: tholeiitic and alkaline magmatism of the Maymecha River basin, Siberian flood volcanic province. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 133, 297–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1979) Stable and metastable pyroxene crystallization in layered komatiite flows. American Mineralogist, 64, 856–864.Google Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Fowler, A., (2004) Textures in komatiites and variolitic basalts In: , , , and (eds). The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and Events, pp. 298–311. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
, , (1979) The field characteristics and petrology of Archaean and Proterozoic komatiite. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 147–163.Google Scholar
, (1985) Kambalda komatiites and basalts: evidence for subduction of sediments in the Archaean mantle. Terra Cognita, 5, 206.Google Scholar
, (1986) Crustally contaminated komatiites and basalts from Kambalda, Western Australia. Chemical Geology, 56, 229–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1997b) Dynamic melting in plume heads: the formation of Gorgona komatiites and basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 146, 289–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1995) Meimechites: highly magnesian alkaline magmas from the subcontinental lithosphere? Lithos, 34, 41–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1992) Fractionation of REE by olivine and the origin of Kambalda komatiites, Western Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 4191–4204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2004a) Mantle-derived magmas and magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposits. Economic Geology, 100th Aniversary Volume, 5–24.Google Scholar
, , , , (2004b) Intrusion and crystallization of a spinifex-textured komatiite sill in Dundonald Township, Ontario. Journal of Petrology, 45, 2555–2571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1977) Komatiitic and iron-rich tholeiitic lavas of Munro Township, northeast Ontario. Journal of Petrology, 18, 319–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Nesbitt, R. W. (1982) Geochemistry of Munro Township basalts. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 309–330. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Nesbitt, R. W.(1984) Magma mixing in komatiitic lavas from Munro Township, Ontario. In: , and (eds.) Archaean Geochemistry, pp. 99–114. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arndt, N. T., Nisbet, E. G.(1982b) What is a komatiite? In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 19–28. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, , (1989) Bizarre geochemistry of komatiites from the Crixás greenstone belt, Brazil. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 187–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1977) Genesis of Archaean komatiites from Munro Township, Ontario; trace-element evidence. Geology, 5, 590–594.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) Melting relations of the hydrous primitive mantle in the CMAS–H2O system at high pressures and temperatures, and implications for generation of komatiites. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 125, 31–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1998) Melting relations of hydrous and dry mantle compositions and the genesis of komatiites. Geophysical Research, Letters, 25, 2201–2204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1995) The effect of pressure-induced solid–solid phase transitions on decompression melting of the mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 4489–4506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2001) Calculation of peridotite partial melting from thermodynamic models of minerals and melts. IV. Adiabatic decompression and the composition and mean properties of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Journal of Petrology, 42, 963–998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2002) Evolution of the southern Abitibi greenstone belt based on U–Pb geochronology: autochthonous volcanic construction followed by plutonism, regional deformation and sedimentation. Precambrian Research, 115, 63–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2005a) Overview of results from Greenstone Architecture Project, Discover Abitibi Initiative, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6154, 131 pp.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2005b) Digital compilation of maps and data from the Greenstone Architecture Project, Discover Abitibi Initiative, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release – Data 155.Google Scholar
, (1953) Serpentine lavas, the Ankara mélange and the Anatolism thrust. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 62, 403–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1994) The partitioning of Fe, Ni, Cu, Pt and Au between sulfide, metal, and fluid phases: a pilot study. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 811–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1980) The Circum-Ungava Belt in eastern Hudson Bay: the geology of the Sleeper Islands and parts of the Ottawa and Belcher Islands. Current Research, Part A, Paper 80–1a, 89–94. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada.Google Scholar
Baragar, W. R. A., Scoates, R. F. J. (1981) The Circum-Superior Belt: a Proterozoic plate margin? In: (ed.) Precambrian Plate Tectonics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
(1986) Incompatible element enrichment in Archaean basalts: a consequence of contamination by older sialic crust rather than mantle heterogeneity. Geology, 14, 947–950.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barley, M. E.(1997) The Pilbara Craton. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts, pp. 657–664. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications.Google Scholar
, , , (2000) Late Archaean Ti-rich, Al-depleted komatiites and komatiitic volcaniclastic rocks from the Murchison Terrane in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 47, 873–883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1973) Archean ultramafic lavas from Mount Clifford. Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report, 1973, pp. 59–70.Google Scholar
(1983) A comparative study of olivine and clinopyroxene spinifex flows from Alexo, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 83, 293–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1990) Ti-rich komatiites from northern Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 105, 42–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1983) A comparative study of olivine and clinopyroxene spinifex flows from Alexo Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 83, 292–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2005) Formation of magmatic nickel sulfide deposits and processes affecting their copper and platinum group element contents. Economic Geology, 100th Anniversary Volume, 179–214.Google Scholar
, , (2001) The composition and mode of formation of the Pechenga nickel deposits, Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 447–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1986) Variations in platinum group element concentrations in the Alexo mine komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, northern Ontario. Geological Magazine, 123, 515–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1987) Fractionation of the platinum-group elements and gold in some komatiites of the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Northern Ontario. Economic Geology, 82, 165–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1985) The origin of the fractionation of the platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas. Chemical Geology, 53, 303–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1993) The behavior of platinum-group elements during partial melting, crystal fractionation, and sulphide segregation: an example from the Cape Smith Fold Belt, Northern Quebec. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998) Chromite in komatiites, 1. Magmatic controls on crystallization and composition. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1689–1720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000) Chromite in komatiites, II. Modification during greenschist to mid-amphibolite facies metamorphism. Journal of Petrology, 41, 387–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004) Komatiites and nickel sulfide ores of the Black Swan area, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. 4. Platinum group element distribution in the ores, and genetic implications. Mineralium Deposita, 39, 752–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006) Komatiite-hosted nickel sulfide deposits: geology, geochemistry, and genesis. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication, 13, 51–118.Google Scholar
(2007) Cotectic precipitation of olivine and sulfide liquid from komatiite magma, and the origin of komatiite-hosted disseminated nickel sulfide mineralization at Mt Keith and Yakabindie, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 102, 299–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1990) A new interpretation of the Katiniq nickel deposit, Ungava, Northern Quebec. Economic Geology, 85, 1269–1272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1982) Petrogenesis of a Proterozoic nickel sulphide – komatiite association: the Katiniq Sill, Ungava, Quebec. Economic Geology, 77, 413–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Poikilitic chromite in komatiitic cumulates. Mineralogy and Petrology, 54, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Stephen, J., Hill, R. E. T. (2000) Metamorphism of komatiite-hosted nickel sulfide deposits. In , and (eds.) Metamorphosed and Metamorphogenic Ore Deposits, pp. 203–216. Boulder: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
, , (2004a) Komatiites and nickel sulfide ores of the Black Swan area, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. 3. Komatiite geochemistry, and implications for ore forming processes. Mineralium Deposita, 39, 729–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1988) The Perseverance ultramafic complex, Western Australia: product of a komatiite lava river. Journal of Petrology, 29, 1998305–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2004) Lithogeochemical exploration for komatiite-associated Ni-sulfide deposits: strategies and limitations. Mineralogy and Petrology, 82, 259–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Stephen, J., Hill, R. E. T., Perring, C. S., Dowling, S. E.(1999) Komatiite flow fields and associated Ni-sulphide mineralisation with examples from the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. In: , , and (eds.) Dynamic Processes in Magmatic Ore Deposits and their Application in Mineral Exploration, pp. 159–194, Geological Association of Canada, Short Course 13. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.Google Scholar
, , (1995) Geochemistry of mineralised and barren komatiites from the Perseverance Nickel Deposit, Western Australia. Lithos, 34, 209–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Stephen, J., Lesher, C. M., Sproule, R. A. (2007) Geochemistry of komatiites in the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, Western Australia, and the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada, and implications for the distribution of associated Ni–Cu–PGE deposits. Applied Earth Science (Transactions of Mining and Metallurgy Series B) in press.
, (2001) The range of spinel compositions in terrestrial mafic and ultramafic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 42, 2279–2302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1977) Structural history and metamorphic modification of Archaean volcanic-type nickel deposits. Economic Geology, 72, 1195–1223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999) Komatiite flows of the Kidd Creek footwall, Abitibi subprovince, Canada. Economic Geology Monograph, 10, 143–162.Google Scholar
(1976) Flowage differentiation: limitation of the Bagnold effect to the narrow intrusions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 55, 139–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981) The nature of sulfidic metasediments at Kambalda and their broad relationships with associated ultramafic rocks and nickel. Research Economic Geology, 76, 1606–1628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1993) Olivine-melt and orthopyroxene-melt equilibria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 115, 103–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1991) Partition coefficients for olivine melt and orthopyroxene-melt. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 109, 212–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaty, D. W., Taylor, H. P., Jr. (1982) The oxygen isotope geochemistry of komatiites: Evidence for water-rock interaction. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 267–280. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
(2005) Partitioning coefficients between olivine and silicate melts. Lithos, 83, 394–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1982) Geochronological calibration of the Precambrian Shield in Saskatchewan. In: Summary of Investigations 1982, Saskatchewan Geological Survey. pp. 17–22.Google Scholar
, , (2006) Archean Geodynamics and Environments. Geophysical Monograph Series, American Geophysical Union, 164. Washington: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2002) Facies architecture of an Archean komatiite-hosted Ni-sulphide ore deposit, Victor, Kambalda, Western Australia: implications for komatiite lava emplacement. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 118, 57–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2005) Volcanological controls on the localization of the komatiite-hosted Ni–Cu–(PGE) Coronet deposit Kambalda, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 100, 1457–1467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) Komatiitic invasive lava flows, Kambalda, Western Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 525–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2000) Vesicles in thick komatiite lava flows, Kambalda, Western Australia. Journal of the Geological Society, 157, 11–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1940) Geology of the Langmuir–Sheraton area. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report, 49. Toronto: Ontario Department of Mines.Google Scholar
Beswick, A. E. (1982) Some geochemical aspects of alteration and genetic relations in komatiitic suites. In: and (eds.) Komatiites. pp. 281–308. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
(1983) Primary fractionation and secondary alteration within an Archaean ultramafic lava flow. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82, 221–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978) Heat loss from the Earth: a constraint on Archaean tectonics from the relation between geothermal gradients and the rate of heat production. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 40, 301–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickle, M. J.(1982) The magnesium contents of komatiitic liquids. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 479–494. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
(1986) Implications of melting for stabilisation of the lithosphere and heat loss in the Archaean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 80, 314–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickle, M. J., Arndt, N. T., Nisbet, E. G., et al. (1993) Geochemistry of the igneous rocks of the Belingwe greenstone belt: alteration, contamination and petrogenesis. In: and (eds.) The geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, pp. 175–214. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
, , (1977) The petrogenesis of peridotitic komatiites; evidence from high-pressure melting experiments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 37, 97–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1975) Basaltic and peridotitic komatiites and stromatolites above a basal unconformity in the Belingwe greenstone belt, Rhodesia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 27, 155–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1993) The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, pp. 239. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
, , (1994) Archean greenstone belts are not oceanic crust. Journal of Geology, 102, 121–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1976) Iron–nickel partition in metamorphosed olivine–sulphide assemblages from Perseverance, Western Australia. American Mineralogist, 61, 782–787.Google Scholar
Binns, R. A., Groves, D. I., Gunthorpe, R. J. (1977) Nickel sulphides in Archaean ultramafic rocks of Western Australia. In: (ed.), Correlation of the Precambrian, vol. 2, pp. 369–380. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Binns, R. A., Gunthorpe, R. J., Groves, D. I. (1976) Metamorphic patterns and development of greenstone belts in the eastern Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. In: (ed.) The Early History of the Earth, pp. 303–313. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
, , , (2002) Hf isotope evidence for a hidden mantle reservoir. Geology, 30, 771–774.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1987) Processus de fractionnement dans les coulées komatiitiques archéennes: cas des laves à spinifex de la ceinture de roches vertes de Tipasjärvi (Finlande orientale). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 953–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2003) Shield volcano slope distributions: an approach for characterizing Martian volcanic provinces. Proceedings of Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXXIV, abstract 1794.pdf.Google Scholar
Bleeker, W. (1990) New structural-metamorphic constraints on Early Proterozoic oblique collision along the Thompson Nickel Belt, northern Manitoba, Canada. In: and (eds.) The Early Proterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America, pp. 57–94, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.Google Scholar
(1999) Structure, stratigraphy and primary setting of the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit: a semiquantitative reconstruction. In: The Giant Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada. pp 71–122, Economic Geology Monograph 10.Google Scholar
, , (2000) Why the Slave Province, Northwest Territories, got a little bigger. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, 2000-C2, 9p.Google Scholar
, (1998) The Lu–Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 148, 243–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1999) Hf isotope compositions of komatiites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 171, 439–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2004) Hf isotopic measurements on Barberton komatiites: effects of incomplete sample dissolution and importance for primary and secondary magmatic signatures. Chemical Geology, 207, 261–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2002) 147Sm/143Nd and 176Lu/176Hf in eucrites and the differentiation of the HED parent body. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 204, 167–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2003) Continental setting inferred for emplacement of the 2.9–2.7 Ga Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe. Geology, 31, 295–298.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1970) Densities of liquid silicate systems calculated from partial molar volumes of oxide components. American Journal of Science, 269, 169–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1972) The viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids. A model for calculation. American Journal of Science, 272, 438–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2008) Crystallochemistry and origin of pyroxenes in komatiites and lunar basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, in preparation.Google Scholar
, , , , , (2003) 142Nd evidence for early Earth differentiation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 214, 427–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2005) 142Nd evidence for early (> 4.53 Ga) global differentiation of the silicate earth. Science, 309, 576–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandl, G., de Wit, M. J. (1997) The Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts, pp. 581–607. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications.Google Scholar
, , , , , (2003) 186Os–187Os systematics of Gorgona Island komatiites: implications for early growth of the inner core. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 206, 411–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2003) Experimental constraints on the partitioning of rhenium, and some platinum-group elements between olivine and silicate melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 212, 135–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1990) The O'Toole nickel deposit, Morro do Ferro greenstone belt, Brazilia. Ecornomic Geology, 85, 904–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1986) Lead–lead age of komatiitic lavas and limitations on the structure and evolution of the Precambrian mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 77, 293–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1999) Nickel ore troughs in Archaean volcanic rocks, Kambalda, Western Australia: indicators of early extension. Geological Society Special Publications, 155, 197–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1987) Noble metal abundances in komatiite suites from Alexo, Ontario, and Gorgona Island, Colombia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 2159–2170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1989) Platinum-group element distribution in the komatiitic Dumont sill, northwestern Quebec, Canada. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 61, 23.Google Scholar
Buck, P. S., Vallance, S. A., Perring, C. S., Hill, R. E. T., Barnes, S. J. (1998) Maggie Hays nickel deposit. In: and (eds.) Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean Mineral Deposits, pp. 357–364. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, , et al. (2003) Geology, Stratigraphy, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Thompson Nickel Belt, Manitoba. Final Report for CAMIRO Project 97E–07. Sudbury: Mineral Exploration Research Centre.Google Scholar
Burnham, O. M., Lesher C. M., Keays, R. R. (1999) Geochemistry of mafic–ultramafic complexes and associated basalts in the Raglan Block. In (ed.) Komatiitic Peridotite-Hosted Fe–Ni–Cu–(PGE) Sulphide Deposits in the Raglan Area, Cape Smith Belt, New Quebec, pp. 159–173, Guidebook Series, vol. 2. Mineral Exploration Research, Centre. Sudbury, ON: Laurentian University.
, (1975) Mount Keith Nickel Deposit. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
(1986) The role of spurious correlation in the development of a komatiite alteration model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, E275–E280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byerly, G. R. (1999) Komatiites of the Mendon Formation: late-stage ultramafic volcanism in the Barberton greenstone belt. In: and (eds.) Geological Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, pp. 189–212, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 329. Boulder: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
, , , , (1996) Prolonged magmatism and time constraints for sediment deposition in the early Archean Barberton greenstone belt: evidence from the Upper Onverwacht and Fig Tree groups. Precambrian Geology, 78, 125–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, W. E., Nisbet, E. G. (1982) Phanerozoic analogues of komatiitic basalts. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 29–50. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
(1987) Distribution of orthocumulate textures in the Jimberlana Intrusion. Journal of Geology, 95, 35–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1982) Pyroxene accumulation in spinifex-textured rocks. Geological Magazine, 119, 605–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1979) The influence of silicate:sulphide ratios on the geochemistry of magmatic sulphides. Economic Geology, 74, 1503–1505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1978) Crystal buoyancy in basaltic liquids and other experiments with a centrifuge furnace. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 67, 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997) Vanadium partitioning and the oxidation state of Archaean komatiite magmas. Nature, 389, 842–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1999) Diamonds in volcaniclastic komatiite from French Guiana. Nature, 399, 456–458.Google Scholar
(1990) A review of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield, a product of Archean accretion. Precambrian Research, 48, 99–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2003) 146Sm–142Nd evidence from Isua metamorphosed sediments for early differentiation of the Earth's mantle. Nature, 423, 428–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , (1999) The behaviour of the fronts of komatiite lavas in medial to distal settings. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 172, 127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) Field characteristics and erosional processes associated with komatiitic lavas: implications for flow behavior. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 505–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987) Enriched komatiitic basalts from Newton Township, Ontario: their genesis by crustal contamination of depleted komatiite magma. Geological Magazine, 124, 303–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1987) Low- and high-alumina komatiites from a Late Archean sequence, Newton Township, Ontario. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 97, 218–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1984) Conflicting Sm–Nd and U–Pb zircon ages for Archean lavas from Newton Township, Abitibi Belt, Ontario. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 70, 280–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattell, A. C., Taylor, R. N. (1990) Archaean basic magmas. In: and (eds.) Early Precambrian Basic Magmatism, pp. 11–39. Glasgow: Blackie.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1974) The petrogenesis of komatiites and related rocks as evidence for a layered upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 23, 369–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauvel, C., Dupré, B., Arndt, N. T. (1993) Pb and Nd isotopic correlation in Belingwe komatiites and basalts. In: and (eds.) The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, pp. 167–174. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
, , (1985) The Sm–Nd age of Kambalda volcanics is 500 Ma too old! Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 74, 315–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004) A geochemical and Nd isotopic study of Barberton komatiites (South Africa): implication for Archean mantle. Lithos, 75, 253–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choukroune, P., Ludden, J. N., Chardon, D., Calvert, A. J., Bouhallier, H. (1997) Archaean crustal growth and tectonic processes: a comparison of the Superior Province, Canada and the Dharwar Craton, India. In: , (eds.) Orogeny Through Time, pp. 63–98. Geological Society, Special Publication, No. 121. London: Geological Society.
, , , (1992) Tectonic evolution of Northern Volcanic Zone, Abitibi Belt, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 29, 2211–2225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2002) Eruption style and flow emplacement in the submarine North Arch Volcanic Field, Hawaii. Geophysical Monograph, 128, 65–84.Google Scholar
, , (1988) The age of the Kambalda greenstones resolved by ion-microprobe: implications for Archaean dating methods. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 89, 239–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1984) Revised Sm–Nd systematics of Kambalda greenstones, Western Australia. Nature, 307, 697–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1970) Tertiary basalts of Baffin Bay: possible primary magma from the mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 25, 203–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloete, M. (1994) Aspects of the volcanism and metamorphism of the Onverwacht Group lavas in the south-western portion of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. Ph.D. thesis, University of the Witwatersrand.
(1999) Aspects of volcanism and metamorphism of the Onverwacht Group lavas in the southwestern portion of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. Memoire of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 84, 1–229.Google Scholar
Coad, P. (1977) The Potter Mine – a komatiite-related exhalative Cu–Zn sulfide deposit. M.Sc. thesis, University of Toronto.
(1979) Nickel sulphide deposits associated with ultramafic rocks of the Abitibi Belt and economic potential of mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Ontario Geological Survey Study, 20, 84 pp.Google Scholar
, (1993) Scratching the surface: estimating dimensions of large igneous provinces. Geology, 21, 515–518.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2000) Large igneous provinces and plate tectonics. Geophysical Monograph, 121, 309–326.Google Scholar
, , (1976) Contrasting types of bladed olivine in ultramafic rocks from the Archean of Labrador. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 442–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1986) Zircon xenocrysts from the Kambalda volcanics: age constraints and direct evidence for older continental crust below the Kambalda–Norseman greenstones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 76, 299–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984) Secular variation in the composition of basalts: an index to mantle evolution. Journal of Petrology, 26, 545–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condie, K. C.(1990) Geochemical characteristics of Precambrian basaltic greenstones. In: and (eds.) Early Precambrian Basic Magmatism, pp. 40–55. Glasgow: Blackie.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condie, K. C.(1994) Greenstones through time. In: (ed.) Archean Crustal Evolution, pp. 85–120. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
, , , , (1997) Geology and geochemistry of the Boa Vista Nickel Sulfide Deposit, Crixas Greenstone Belt, Central Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, 27, 365–376.Google Scholar
(1969) The chromite deposits of Selukwe, Rhodesia. In: Magmatic Ore Deposits, a Symposium, pp. 154–186. Society of Economic Geologists Monograph 4. Littleton Co.: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
, , , , (1999) On causal links between flood basalts and continental breakup. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 166, 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988) Emplacement of komatiite lava flows and associated nickel sulphides at Kambalda, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 83, 436–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1987) Massive-sulfide fabrics at Kambalda and their relevance to the inferred stability of monosulfide solid-solution. Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 37–50.Google Scholar
, , , (1986) Platinum group elements and gold in the komatiite-hosted Fe–Ni–Cu sulphide deposits at Kambalda, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 81, 1226–1235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowden, A., Roberts, D. E. (1990) Komatiite-hosted nickel sulphide deposits, Kambalda. In: (ed.) Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, pp. 567–581. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
(1980) A model for continental flood vulcanism. Journal of Petrology, 21, 629–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, K. G.(1988) The Karoo Province. In: (ed.) Continental Flood Basalts, pp. 239–272. Dordrecht: Kluwer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1984) Petrogenesis of the basic rocks of the Lebombo. Special Publication of the Geological Society of South Africa, 13, 149–169.Google Scholar
, , (1991) Isotopic analysis of Os and Re with negative thermal ion mass spectrometry and application to the age and evolution of iron meteorites. Meteoritics, 27, 212.Google Scholar
Crocket, J. H. (2002) Platinum-group element geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks. In Cabri (ed.), The Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Mineral Beneficiation of the Platinum-Group Elements, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume 54, pp. 177–210.
, , , , (2005) The spinifex layer of the Boston Creek ferropicrite, Abitibi Belt, Ontario: mineralogical and geochemical evidence for an unusual history of clinopyroxene growth and magma recharge. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1759–1780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1986) Platinum-group element distribution in komatiitic and tholeiitic volcanic rocks from Munro Township. Economic Geology, 81, 1242–1251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000) The Komati Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, part I: new map and magmatic architecture. South African Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 681–730.Google Scholar
(2001) Vesicular komatiites, 3.5-Ga Komati Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: inflation of submarine lavas and origin of spinifex zones. Bulletin of Volcanology, 63, 462–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2002a) Olivine-hosted melt inclusions in Belingwe komatiites: implications for cooling history, parental magma composition and its H2O content. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 15A, A168.Google Scholar
, , (2002b) Melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts: using diffusive re-equilibration to determine the cooling history of a crystal, with implications for the origin of olivine–phyric volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 43, 1651–1671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1964) The melting of forsterite up to 50 kbar. Journal of Geophysical Research, 69, 1113–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, P. C. (1997) Volcanic stratigraphy of the Late Archean Kidd–Munro assemblage in Dundonald and Munro Townships and genesis of associated nickel and copper-zinc deposits, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Dundonald and Munro Townships, Ontario. MSc thesis. University of Alabama.
(1999) Classic Komatiite Localities and Magmatic Fe–Ni–Cu–(PGE) Sulphide Deposits of the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Ontario-Quebec. Guidebook Series vol. 1, Mineral Exploration Research Centre Sudbury, ON: Laurentian University.Google Scholar
, , (1987) The Jamestown ophiolite complex, Barberton mountain belt: a section through 3.5 Ga oceanic crust. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 6, 681–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1983) Mg-metasomatism of the oceanic crust; Implications for the formation of ultramafic rock types. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 64, 333.Google Scholar
, (1980) A 3500 Ma ophiolite complex from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: Archaean oceanic crust and its geotectonic implications. In: Abstract, 2nd International Archaean Symposium, Perth, pp. 85–87. Perth: Geological Society of Australia.Google Scholar
De-Vitry, C., Libby, J. W., Langworthy, P. J. (1998) Rocky's Reward Nickel Deposit. In: and (eds.), Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean Mineral Deposits, pp. 315–320. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
(1983) The mean life of continents: estimates of continent recycling rates from Nd and Hf isotopic data and implications for mantle structure. Geophysical Research Letters, 10, 705–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1979) Sm–Nd age of the Stillwater Complex and the mantle evolution curve for neodymium. Geochimica et Cosmochica Acta, 43, 999–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1984) Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86, 54–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1978) Structure and organization of Archean subaqueous basalt flows, Rouyn–Noranda area, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15, 902–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimroth, E., Imreh, L., Cousineau, P., Leduc, M., Sanschagrin, Y. (1985) Paleographic analysis of mafic submarine flows and its use in the exploration for massive sulphide deposits. In: , , and (eds.) Evolution of Archean Supracrustal Sequences, pp. 203–222, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper. Ottawa: Geological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
, (1995) An experimental study of water and carbon dioxide solubilities in mid-ocean ridge basaltic liquids. Part II. Applications to degassing. Journal of Petrology, 36, 1633–1646.Google Scholar
(1974) Olivine crystal types in harrisitic rocks of the Rhum pluton and Archean spinifex rocks. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 85, 1721–1726.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1976) An experimental study of olivine morphology. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 57, 187–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979) An experimental investigation of the delay in nucleation of olivine in mafic lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69, 21–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, C. H.(1982) Spinifex-textured komatiites: a review of textures, mineral compositions, and layering. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 211–244. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, (1998) Archaean quartz arenites in the Canadian Shield; examples from the Superior and Churchill provinces. Sedimentary Geology, 120, 153–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981) Redistribution of ore elements during serpentinisation and talc-carbonate alteration of some Archaean dunites, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 76, 1968–1713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1997) Komatiite flooding of a rifted Archean rhyolitic arc complex: geochemical signature and tectonic significance of the Stoughton-Roquemaure Group, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada. Journal of Geology, 105, 545–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) Archean hyaloclastites: fragmentation process and composition of the 2.72 Ga Stoughton–Roquemaure komatiites-komatiitic basalts. (EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union), Fall Meeting, 632.Google Scholar
, , , (2004) Komatiites and nickel sulfide ores of the Black Swan area, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. 2. Geology and genesis of the orebodies. Mineralium Deposita, 39, 707–728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1993) The Mount Keith ultramafic complex and the Mount Keith nickel deposit. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record 1993/54, 165–170.Google Scholar
, (1998) Exploration model – komatiite hosted nickel sulphide deposits, Australia. In the Jubilee volume ‘Earth Evolution, Australian Environments and Resources’. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, 17, 121–127.Google Scholar
, , (2003) Trace element partitioning between garnet and chondritic melt from 5 to 9 GPa: implications for the onset of the majorite transition in the martian mantle. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 139, 149–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1957) Crystal growth of forsteritic olivine in magmas and melts. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 63, 289–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1987) Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an early Archaean komatiite sequence, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 37, 125–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, J. M. (1986a) Petrology and economic geology of the Dumont Sill: an Archean intrusion of komatiitic affinity in northwestern Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology Report, No. 35.
Duke, J. M.(1986b) The Dumont nickel deposit: a genetic model for disseminated magmatic sulphide deposits of komatiitic affinity. In: , , , and (eds.) Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks, pp. 151–160. London: The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, (1986) Pb isotopic compositions of Archean komatiites and sulfides. Chemical Geology, 85, 35–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1984) Pb and Nd isotopic study of two Archean komatiitic flows from Alexo, Ontario. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 1965–1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1984) Pb isotopes of Gorgona Island (Colombia): isotopic variations correlated with magma type. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 186–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1996) Fractional crystallization of sulfide ore liquids at high temperature. Economic Geology, 91, 607–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1998) Cenozoic magmatism throughout East Africa resulting from impact of a single plume. Nature, 395, 1788–1791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980) Tertiary or Mesozoic komatiites from Gorgona Island, Colombia; field relations and geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 73, 253–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Echeverría, L. M.(1982) Komatiites from Gorgona Island, Colombia. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 199–210. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
, (1980) Pyroclastic rocks: another manifestation of ultramafic volcanism of Gorgona Island, Colombia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 92, 428–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972) Ultramafic flows and nickel deposits in the Abitibi orogenic belt. In: Report of Activities. Part A: April to October, 1971, pp. 78–81, Canadian Geological Survey Paper 72-1. Ottawa: Canadian Geological Survey.Google Scholar
(1975) The Dumont serpentinite: a model for control of nickeliferous opaque assemblages by alteration products in ultramafic rocks. Economic Geology, 70, 83–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1985) Vesicles in the Dundonald komatiites. Program and Abstracts Geological Association of Canada–Mineralogical Association of Canada Annual Meeting, 10, A-16.Google Scholar
(2006) Lateritic nickel mineralization of the Yilgarn Craton. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication, 13, 195–210.Google Scholar
Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Draper, D., Agee, C., Jewell, J., Thorpe, A., Hess, P. (2006) The last lavas erupted during the main phase of the Siberian flood basalts: Results from experimental petrology. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0140-1.CrossRef
, , , (1999) Long-distance transport of magmas in the Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province, Antarctica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 167, 89–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984) Petrogenesis of the Volcanic Rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication 13. Pretoria: Geological Society of South Africa.Google Scholar
, (1992) Evidence from magnetic fabric for the flow pattern of magma in the Mackenzie giant radiating dyke swarm. Nature, 356, 511–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, D. M., Cowden, A., Barrett, R. M. (1989) Deformation and thermal erosion at the Foster nickel deposit, Kambalda St. Ives, Western Australia. In: and (eds.) Magmatic Sulfides – The Zimbabwe Volume, pp. 215–227. London: Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, (1997) Geochemical characteristics of alumina depleted and undepleted komatiites and HREE-enriched low-Ti tholeiites, Western Abitibi greenstone belt: a heterogeneous mantle plume-convergent margin environment. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 4723–4744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2006) Formation of spinifex texture in komatiites: an experimental study. Journal of Petrology, 47, 1591–1610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2003) A developmental model of olivine morphology as a function of the cooling rate and the degree of undercooling. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 145, 251–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1997) Results of new field and geochemical studies of the volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Maymecha-Kotuy area, Siberian Flood-Basalt Province, Russia. International Geological Review, 39, 479–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2007) Controls on the emplacement and genesis of the MKD5 and Sarah's Find Ni–Cu–PGE deposits, Mount Keith, Agnew–Wiluna Greenstone Belt, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 126, 847–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2004) Origin and evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Geological Society Special Publication, 229, 384pp.Google Scholar
, (1975) A spinifex rock from Munro Township, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12, 928–939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1996) Partitioning of platinum-group elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd) and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 2397–2412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1996) Re–Os isotopic evidence for genesis of Archaean nickel ores from uncontaminated komatiites. Nature, 382, 703–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2002) Supercooled rocks: development and significance of varioles, spherulites, dendrites and spinifex in Archaean volcanic rocks, Abitibi Greenstone belt, Canada. Precambrian Research, 115, 311–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995) The implications of picritic lavas for the mantle sources of terrestrial magmatism. Lithos, 34, 89–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1999) Picrite evidence for more Fe in Archean mantle reservoirs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 167, 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985) The Baffin Bay lavas and the value of picrites as analogues of primary magmas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89, 144–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1979) Komatiite-derived tholeiites in the Proterozoic of New Quebec. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 44, 473–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1981) Crystal fractionation and partial melting in the petrogenesis of a Proterozoic high-MgO volcanic suite, Ungava, Quebec. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 78, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2003) Re–Os, Sm–Nd isotope- and REE systematics on ultramafic rocks and pillow basalts from the Earth's oldest oceanic crustal fragments (Isua Supracrustal Belt and Ujaragssuit Nunât area, W Greenland). Chemical Geology, 196, 163–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2002) Hydrothermal-metasomatic and tecto-metamorphic processes in the Isua supracrustal belt (West Greenland), a multi-isotopic investigation of their effects on the Earth's oldest oceanic crustal sequence. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 467–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2000) Origin and evolution of a submarine large igneous province: the Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge, southern Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 176, 73–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1989a) Magmatic contacts between immiscible sulfide and komatiite melts; implications for genesis of Kambalda sulfide. Economic Geology, 84, 1697–1704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, K. M., Groves, D. I.(1989b) Ocellar units at Kambalda: evidence for sediment assimilation by komatiite lavas. In: and (eds.) Magmatic Sulphides – the Zimbabwe Volume, pp. 207–214. London: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, (1977) Density, viscosity and compressibility of basaltic liquid at high pressure. Carnergie Institution of Washington Year Book, 76, 419–423.Google Scholar
, (1997) Partitioning of moderately siderophile elements among olivine, silicate melt, and sulfide melt: constraints on core formation in the Earth and Mars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 1829–1846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2005) Re–Os systematics of komatiites and komatiitic basalts at Dundonald Beach, Ontario, Canada: evidence for a complex alteration history and implications of a late-Archean chondriitic mantle source. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 5087–5098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1950). Geological and petrological notes on Gorgona Island in relation to North–West S. America. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische M. Heilungen, 30, 219–237.Google Scholar
, , (1977a) Archean variolites quenched immiscible liquids. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 210–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1977b) The origin and significance of Archaean ultramafic volcaniclastics from Spinifex Ridge, Lamotte Township, Quebec. Geological Association Of Canada Special Paper 16, 297–309.Google Scholar
Gibson, H. L., Gamble, A. P. D. (2000) A reconstruction of the volcanic environment hosting Archean seafloor and subseafloor VMS mineralization at the Potter Mine, Munro Township, Ontario, Canada. Volcanic environments and massive sulfide deposits, Special Publication 3: Hobart, Tasmania, Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, pp. 65–66.
Gillies, S. L. (1993) Physical volcanology of the Katinniq Peridotite Complex and associated Fe– Ni–Cu–(PGE) Mineralization, Cape Smith Belt, Northern Quebec. Msc. thesis. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama.
, , , , (1997) An experimental study of spinifex textures in komatiites from Gorgona, Colombia. Terra Nova, 9, 203.Google Scholar
, , (1989) Tectonic setting of Ni–Cu–PGE deposits in the central part of the Cape Smith Belt. Geoscience Canada, 16, 134–136.Google Scholar
, , (1987) The role of fluids in the metamorphism of komatiites, Agnew nickel deposit, Western Australia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 96, 151–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1989) The Geology of the Agnew Nickel Deposit, Western Australia. Ottawa: Bulletin of Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 82, 46–56.Google Scholar
, , (1990) Partial melting and recrystallization of Archaean komatiites by residual heat from rapidly accumulated flows. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 105, 704–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979) Archean volcanic studies in the Timmins–Kirkland Lake–Noranda region of Ontario and Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 278.Google Scholar
, , , , , (1998) Géologie de la région des Lacs Langelier et Threefold (33F/03 et 33F/04). Géologie Québec, RG 98-18. Québec: Ministère de Ressources naturelles.Google Scholar
, , , , (1999) Géologie de la région des Lacs Guillaumat et Sakami (33F/002 et 33F/07). Géologie Québec, RG 99-15. Québec: Ministère de Ressources naturelles.Google Scholar
, , , , , (1998) Erosion by flowing lava – field evidence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 27325–27345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, A. H., Melezhik, V. (1999), Ferropicrites, subvolcanic intrusions, and associated Ni–Cu–PGE sulphide mineralization with emphasis on the Pechenga camp. In , , , and (eds.), Dynamic Processes in Magmatic Ore Deposits and Their Application in Mineral Exploration, Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, vol. 13, pp. 287–328. Sudbury: Geological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
, (1981) The Langmuir volcanic peridotite-associated nickel sulphide deposits: Canadian equivalents of the Western Australian occurrences. Economic Geology, 76, 1503–1523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975) Genesis of Archean peridotitic magmas and constraints on Archean geothermal gradients and tectonics. Geology, 3, 15–18.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. H.(1981) Petrogenesis of Archean ultramafic magmas and implications for Archaean tectonics. In: (ed.) Precambrian Plate Tectonics, pp. 469–490. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
, , , (1975) Experimental demonstration of the existence of peridotitic liquids in earliest Archaean magmatism. Geology, 3, 11–14.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1981) The geology of the Kambalda nickel field, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 76, 1373–1416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2006) Type 2 deposits: geology, mineralogy and processing of the Mount Keith and Yakabindie orebodies, Western Australia. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publications, 13, 119–138.Google Scholar
, (1979) Crystallization kinetics in a multiply saturated basalt magma: An experimental study of Luna 24 ferrobasalt. Proceedings of the 10th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 439–478.Google Scholar
Grove, T. L., de Wit, M. J., Dann, J. (1997) Komatiites from the Komati type section, Barberton, South Africa. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts, pp. 422–437. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications.Google Scholar
, , (1994) Spinifex textures in 3.49 Ga Barberton Mountain Belt komatiites: evidence for crystallization of water-bearing, cool magmas in the Archean. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 75, 354.Google Scholar
, , , , (1996) Origin of spinifex textures in 3.49 Ga komatiite magmas from the Barberton Mountainland South Africa. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 77, 281.Google Scholar
, (2004) Thermal evolution of the Earth as recorded by komatiites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 219, 173–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grove, T. L., Parman, S. W., Dann, J. C. (1999) Conditions of magma generation for Archean komatiites from the Barberton Mountainland, South Africa. In: , and (eds.) Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation, pp. 155–167. Houston: The Geochemical Society.Google Scholar
Groves, D. I., Barrett, F. M., Brotherton, R. H. (1981) Exploration significance of the chrome-spinels in mineralised ultramafic rocks and Ni–Cu cores. In and (eds.) ICAM 81 – The Proceedings of the First International Conference on Applied Mineralogy: Geological Survey of South Africa Special Report 7, pp. 21–30. Johannebury: Geological Survey of South Africa.Google Scholar
, (1979) Mobilization of ore forming elements during alteration of dunites, MtKeith-Betheno, Western Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 373–389.Google Scholar
, , , , (1986) Thermal erosion by komatiites at Kambalda, Western Australia and the genesis of nickel ores, Nature, 319, 136–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groves, D. I., Lesher, C. M., Gee, R. D. (1984) Tectonic setting of the sulphide nickel deposits of the Western Australian Shield. In and (eds.) Sulphide Deposits in Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks. pp. 1–13. London: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, , , (1990a) Aluminium depletion in komatiites and garnet fractionation in the early Archean mantle: hafnium isotopic constraints. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 3095–3101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1990b) Anomalous Sm–Nd ages for the early Archean Onverwacht Group volcanics: Significance and petrogenetic implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 104, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (1987) Age of the Talga-Talga Subgroup, Pilbara Block, Western Australia, and early evolution of the mantle: new Sm–Nd isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 85, 105–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1985) Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd geochronology of Lower Proterozoic granite greenstone terrains in French Guiana, South America. Precambrian Research, 30, 63–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1996) Resetting of the Sm–Nd systematics during metamorphism of > 3.7Ga rocks, implications for isotopic models of early Earth differentiation. Chemical Geology, 133, 225–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1992) Loss of isotopic (Nd, O) and chemical (REE) memory during metamorphism of komatiites: new evidence from eastern Finland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 112, 66–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2000) Melting behavior of model lherzolite in the system CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–FeO at 0.7 to 2.8 GPa. Journal of Petrology, 41, 1241–1269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Enriched and depleted primitive melts included in olivine from Icelandic tholeiites: origin by continuous melting of a single mantle column. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 2905–2917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1918) The geology of the Barberton gold mining district. Geological Survey of South Africa Memoire, 9, 1–324.Google Scholar
(1972) Geochemistry of the Archean volcanic rocks in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia. Journal of Petrology, 13, 45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1972). Archaean mafic and ultramafic rock associations in the Eastern Goldfields region, Western Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 15, No. 2, 191–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1979a) Sm–Nd dating on the Onverwacht Group volcanics, Southern Africa. Nature, 279, 298–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1979b) Sm–Nd dating basic and ultrabasic volcanics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 263–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2004) Regional-scale hydrothermal alteration in the Central Blake River Group, western Abitibi subprovince, Canada: implications for VMS prospectivity. Mineralium Deposita, 38, 393–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980) Komatiitic and tholeiitic metavolcanics of the Siivikkovaara area in the Archean Kuhmo greenstone belt, eastern Finland. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Finland, 52, 67–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992) Petrology, of the Pechenga ferropicrites and cogenetic, Ni-bearing gabbro–wehrlite intrusions, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Finland, 367, 192p.Google Scholar
(1993) Globular ferropicritic rocks at Pechenga, Kola Peninsula (Russia): liquid immiscibility versus alteration. Lithos, 29, 197–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2001) The Palaeoproterozoic komatiite–picrite association of Finnish Lapland. Journal of Petrology, 42, 855–876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989) Pechenga ferropicrites and other early Proterozoic picrites in the eastern part of the Baltic Shield. Precambrian Research, 45, 63–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1978) Modelling of major elements in mantle-melt systems using a trace element approach. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42, 725–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1979) Morphology of Archean metabasalt flows, Utik Lake, Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16, 1452–1466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1908) The geology of the small isles of Inverness-shire. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Scotland.Google Scholar
, (1977) Geochemistry and evolution of early Precambrian mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 61, 109–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1978) Ni partitioning between olivine and silicate melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 40, 203–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2000) Large volume recycling of oceanic lithosphere over short time scale: geochemical constraints from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 174, 247–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1975) Age relationships between greenstone belts and ‘granites’ in the Rhodesian Archaean craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 25, 251–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1977). Sm–Nd isotopic investigations of Isua supercrustals and implications for mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 253.Google Scholar
(1977) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of ferromagnesian olivine. American Mineralogist, 62, 286–295.Google Scholar
, , ., (2001) Origin of variations in nickel tenor along the strike of the Edwards lode nickel sulfide orebody, Kambalda, Western Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 655–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1984) Age and isotope geochemistry of the Archean Pongola and Usushwana suites in Swaziland, southern Africa: a case for crustal contamination of a mantle-derived magma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 70, 267–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1998) The character of long-term eruptions: inferences from episodes 50–53 of the Pu'u O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59, 381–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982) Determination of the P–T dependence of the first appearance of Fe–S liquid in natural basalts to 20 kb. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union) 58, 523.Google Scholar
, , , , , (1993) Iceland hotspot: Nd–Sr–O Isotopes and trace element constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 15833–15850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992) Depth and degree of melting of komatiite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 4521–4540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995) Generation of plume magmas through time: an experimental perspective. Chemical Geology, 126, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzberg, C.(1999) Phase equilibrium constraints on the formation of cratonic mantle. In: , and (eds.) Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation, pp. 13–46. Houston: The Geochemical Society.Google Scholar
, (1998) Phase equilibrium constraints on the origin of basalts, picrites, and komatiites. Earth-Science Reviews, 44, 39–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2002) Plume-associated ultramafic magmas of Phanerozoic age. Journal of Petrology, 43, 1857–1883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1988) Origin of komatiite at high pressure. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 88, 321–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1996) Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1: compositions of magmas in the upper mantle and transition zone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 8271–8295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983) Solidus and liquidus temperatures and mineralogies for anhydrous garnet-lherzolite to 15 GPa. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 32, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1985) Origin of mantle peridotite and komatiite by partial melting. Geophysical Research Letters, 12, 541–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001) Komatiite volcanology, volcanological setting and primary geochemical properties of komatiite-associated nickel deposits. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 1, 365–381.Google Scholar
, , , (2004) Komatiites and nickel sulfide orebodies of the Black Swan area, Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. 1. Petrology, and volcanology of host rocks. Mineralium Deposita, 39, 684–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1995) The physical volcanology of komatiites as deduced from field relationships in the Norseman–Wiluna greenstone belt, Western Australia. Lithos, 34, 159–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, R. E. T., Gole, M. J. (1990) Nickel Sulphide Deposits of the Yilgarn Block. In: (ed.) Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 557–559.Google Scholar
, , (1987) Physical Volcanology of Komatiites. Excursion Guide No. 1.Perth: Geological Society of Australia.Google Scholar
Hill, R. E. T., Gole, M. J., Barnes, Stephen J.(1989) Olivine adcumulates in the Norseman–Wiluna greenstone belt, Western Australia: implications for the volcanology of komatiites. In and (eds.) Magmatic Sulphides – The Zimbabwe Volume, pp. 189–206. London: Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, (1996) The Evolution of Archaean Komatiite Flow Fields – Are They Inflationary Sheet Flows. Townsville, Queensland: James Cook University.Google Scholar
(1997) Melting experiments on lherzolite KLB-1 under hydrous conditions and generation of high-magnesian andesitic melts. Geology, 25, 42–44.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Hydrous partial melting of lherzolite at 1 GPa: the effect of H2O on the genesis of basaltic magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 133, 463–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1998) Calculation of peridotite partial melting from thermodynamic models of minerals and melts. I. Review of methods and comparison to experiments. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1091–1115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2006) Nickel sulfide deposits in Australia: Characteristics, resources and potential. Ore Geology Reviews, 29, 177–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2005) Late Archean Lake Harris komatiite, Central Gawler Craton, South Australia; Geologic setting and geochemistry. Economic Geology, 100, 349–374.Google Scholar
, (1978) Oxygen isotope compositions in Archaean rocks from Western Australia, with special reference to komatiites. In: (ed.) Fourth International Conference, Geochronology, Cosmochronology, Isotope Geology, pp. 180–182. Boulder: United States Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Hoffman, P. F. (1991) On accretion of granite–greenstone terranes. In: (ed.) Nuna Conference on Greenstone Gold and Crustal Evolution, pp. 32–45. Ottawa: Geological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
, , (1986) Inferred oxygen isotope profile of Archaean oceanic crust, Onverwacht Group, South Africa. Nature, 321, 55–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005) The geochemistry of sedimentary rocks from the Fig Tree Group, Barberton greenstone belt: Implications for tectonic, hydrothermal and surface processes during mid-Archaean times. Precambrian Research, 143, 23–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988) Chemical differentiation of the Earth: the relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90, 297–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1999) Komatiite–basalt–rhyolite volcanic associations in Northern Superior Province greenstone belts: significance of plume-arc interaction in the generation of the proto continental Superior Province Province. Lithos, 46, 137–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1994) Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows: observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106, 351–370.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1995) The emplacement of flood basalts, IUGG XXI General Assembly, abstracts, 436.Google Scholar
Hopf, S., Head, D. L., (1998) Mount Keith nickel deposit. In and (eds), Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean Mineral Deposits, Monograph 22, pp. 307–314. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, , , (2002) Extrusive and intrusive komatiites, komatiitic basalt and peperite and ore genesis at the Dundonald Ni–Cu–(PGE) Deposit, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada. 9th International Platinum Symposium Abstract Volume, Billings, MT, pp. 181–184. Durham NC: Duke University.Google Scholar
Houlé, M. G., Gibson, H. L., Lesher, C. M. et al. (2008a) Komatiitic basalt sills and multi-generational peperite at Dundonald Beach, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Ontario: implications for the stratigraphic architecture of komatiite volcanoes and distribution of subseafloor and seafloor komatiite-associated Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposits, Economic Geology, in press.
, , , , (2001). Physical volcanology of komatiites in the Abitibi greenstone belt, Superior Province, Canada (Project Unit 99–021). Summary of field work and other activities. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report, 6070, p. 13.1–13.16.Google Scholar
, , , (2002). Recent advances in komatiite volcanology in the Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario. Summary of fieldwork and other activities. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report, 6100–7, 1–19.Google Scholar
Houlé, M. G., Préfontaine, S., Fowler, A. D., Gibson, H. L. (2008b). Endogenous growth in komatiite lava flows: evidence from spinifex-textured sills at Pyke Hill and Serpentine Mountain, Western Abitibi Greenstone Belt, northeastern Ontario, Canada. Bulletin of Volcanology (submitted).
, (2006) Nickel exploration history of the Yilgarn Craton: from the Nickel Boom to today. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication, 13, 1–11.Google Scholar
, , , (2005) U–Pb zircon and Re–Os isotope geochronology of mineralized ultramafic intrusions and associated nickel ores from the Thompson nickel belt, Manitoba, Canada. Economic Geology, 100, 29–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1998) Continental extensional setting for the Archean Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Geology, 26, 883–886.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1985a) Cooling and contamination of mafic and ultramafic magmas during ascent through continental crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 74, 371–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1989) Chilled margins in igneous rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 92, 397–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978) Album photographique de coulées meta-ultramafiques sous-marines archéennes dans le sillon de La Motte-Vassan [Photographic Album of Submarine Archean Meta-Ultramafic Flows in the LaMotte–Vassan Belt]. Quebec: Ministere des Richesses Naturelles.Google Scholar
, , (2002) Indian continental crust recovered from Elan Bank, Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Leg 183, Site 1137). Journal of Petrology, 43, 1241–1257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994) Effect of water on melting phase relations and melt composition in the system Mg2SiO4–MgSiO3–H2O up to 15 GPa. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 85, 237–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2000) Garnet fractionation in a hydrous magma ocean and the origin of Al-depleted komatiites: melting experiments of hydrous pyrolite with REEs at high pressure. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 177, 81–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, T., Sawamoto, H. (1992) High pressure melting of pyrolite under hydrous condition and its geophysical implications. In: , (eds.) High-Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, pp. 323–331. Washington: Terra Publishing Company.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (1980) Trace element geochemistry and petrogenesis of Finnish Greenstone Belts. Journal of Petrology, 21, 201–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1976) On the age of the Rhodesian greenstone belts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 57, 317–330.Google Scholar
, , (1982) Komatiites of the Onverwacht Group, South Africa: REE chemistry, Sm–Nd age and mantle evolution. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 80, 25–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1974) Trace element geochemistry of Archaean volcanic rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38, 611–627.Google Scholar
(1995) On the cross-sectional geometry of thermal erosion channels formed by turbulent lava flows. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 10127–10140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, L. S. (1985) Stratigraphy and petrogenesis of Archean metavolcanic sequences, southwestern Abitibi Subprovince, Ontario. In: , , and (eds.) Evolution of Archean Subcrustal Sequences, pp. 65–87, Geological Society of Canada Special Publication 28. Toronto: Geological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
, (1985) Geology and petrogenesis of the Archean Abitibi Belt in the Kirkland Lake area, Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous Paper 123. Toronto: Ontario Geological Survey.Google Scholar
, (2000) On the cluster analysis of grains and crystals in rocks. American Mineralogist, 85, 47–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2003) Quantifying the building blocks of igneous rocks; are clustered crystal frameworks the foundation? Journal of Petrology, 44, 2033–2051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1990) Nb–Th–La in komatiites and basalts: constraints on komatiite petrogenesis and mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 107, 272–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolly, W. T. (1982) Progressive metamorphism of komatiites and related Archaean lavas of the Abitibi area, Canada. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 245–266. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, , (2003) Melt inclusion evidence for a volatile-enriched (H2O, Cl, B) component in parental magmas of Gorgona Island komatiites. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 5, 14774.Google Scholar
(1994) Reassessment of Archean crustal development in the Barberton Mountain Land, from U–Pb dating. Tectonics, 13, 167–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2003) Petrology, and geochemistry of 3.3 Ga komatiites – Weltevreden Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV, abstract 20.Google Scholar
, , (1988) Experimental determination of element partitioning between silicate perovskites, garnets and liquids: constraints on early differentiation of the mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 89, 123–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1996) Constraints on element partition coefficients between MgSiO3 perovskite and liquid determined by direct measurements. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90, 65–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1998) Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, Island of Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 27303–27323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1996) Experimental evidence for a hydrous transition zone in the early Earth's mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 142, 587–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1997) Melting temperature and partial melt chemistry of H2O-saturated mantle peridotite to 11 GPa: implications for the stability of H2O fluid in the Earth's mantle and kimberlite generation. Science, 276, 240–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keays, R. R. (1982) Palladium and iridium in komatiites and associated rocks: application to petrogenetic problems. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 435–458. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
(1995) The role of komatiite and picritic magmatism and S-saturation in the formation of ore deposits. Lithos, 34, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1981) Precious metals in volcanic peridotite-associated nickel sulfide deposits in Western Australia, II. Distribution within ores and host rocks at Kambalda. Economic Geology, 76, 1645–1674.Google Scholar
, (1974) The geology of a primary millerite-bearing sulfide assemblage and supergene alteration at the Otter Shoot, Kambalda, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 69, 1102–1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1929) The geology of the Shabani Mineral Belt, Belingwe District. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Southern Rhodesia, 12.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (1995a) The petrogenesis of Gorgona komatiites, picrites and basalts: new field, petrographic and geochemical constraints. Lithos, 37, 245–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (1996) The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the late-Cretaceous picrites and basalts of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles: a remnant of an oceanic plateau. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 37, 245–260.Google Scholar
Kerr, A., Tarney, J., Marriner, G., Nivia, A., Saunders, A. (1997) The Caribbean–Colombian Cretaceous Igneous Province: the internal anatomy of an oceanic plateau. In: and (eds.) Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism, pp. 123–144. Washington: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005) La Isla de Gorgona, Colombia: a petrological enigma? Lithos, 84, 77–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) A note on the IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 42, 2169–2171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1995b) Depleted mantle plume geochemical signatures: no paradox for plume theories. Geology, 23, 843–846.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001) Thermal erosion by laminar lava flows. Journal of Geophysical Research – Solid Earth, 106, 26453–26465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1985) Convective exchange between pore fluid and an overlying reservoir of dense fluid: a postcumulus process in layered intrusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 75, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1986) Crystallisation and compositional convection in a porous medium with application to layered igneous intrusions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 3591–3608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1999) Applications of recent studies on the emplacement of basaltic lava flows to the Deccan Traps. Memoir of Geological Society of India, 43, 485–520.Google Scholar
, , (2006) Flood lavas on Earth, Io and Mars. Journal of the Geological Society, 163, 253–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2002) Petrology, and geochemistry of a bimodal alkalic shield volcano, Site 1139, Kerguelen plateau. Journal of Petrology, 43, 1259–1286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1993) A model of ocean-crust accretion for the Superior Province, Canada. Lithos, 30, 337–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1990) An experimental study on the effect of temperature and melt composition on the partitioning of nickel between olivine and silicate melt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 1255–1265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1985) Crystallization and differentiation of Archean komatiite lavas from northeast Ontario: phase equilibrium and kinetic studies. American Mineralogist, 70, 40–51.Google Scholar
, , , (1983) Programmed cooling experiments in the system MgO–SiO2: kinetics of a peritectic reaction. American Mineralogist, 68, 1095–1101.Google Scholar
, , , (1996) The oldest part of the Barberton granitoid-greenstone terrain, South Africa: evidence for crust formation between 3.5 and 3.7 Ga. Precambrian Research, 78, 105–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1988) Single zircon dating constraining the maximum age of the Barberton greenstone belt, southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 15329–15337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986) Viscosity of partial melts in the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 9343–9350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1992) Remnants of an Archaean oceanic plateau, Belingwe greenstone belt. Geology, 20, 43–46.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Structural relationships between a shallow water platform and an oceanic plateau, Zimbabwe. Tectonics, 14, 448–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1992) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Archean mafic volcanic rocks of the southern Abitibi belt, Québec. Precambrian Research, 57, 207–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1996) Alteration of a komatiitic flow: Alexo, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Petrology, 37, 1261–1284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (1995) The influence of alteration on the trace-element and Nd isotope compositions of komatiites. Chemical Geology, 126, 43–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2001) Re–Os isotopic study of komatiitic volcanism and magmatic sulfide formation in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 473–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1978) Emplacement of Archaean peridotitic komatiites in Lamotte Township, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15, 672–677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1998) Geodynamics of magmatic Cu–Ni–PGE sulfide deposits – new insights from the Re–Os isotope system. Economic Geology, 93, 121–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langmuir, C. H., Klein, E. M., Plank, T. (1992) Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges. In: , and (eds.) Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, pp. 183–280, AGU Geophysical Monograph 71, Washington: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2003) Trace element geochemistry of ultramafic intrusions in the Thompson nickel belt: relative roles of contamination and metasomatism. The Gangue (GAC Mineral Deposits Division), 76, 1–10.Google Scholar
Layton-Matthews, D., Lesher, C. M., Burnham, O. M., et al. (2007) Magmatic Ni–Cu–platinum-group-element deposits in the Thompson Nickel Belt. In: (ed.) Mineral Deposits in Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces and Exploration Methods. Geological Association of Canada Special Publication 5. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.Google Scholar
(2000) IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 41, 1467–1470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (eds.) (1989) A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
, , , (1994) The origin of fluids and the effects of metamorphism on the primary chemical compositions of Barberton komatiites: new evidence from geochemical (REE) and isotopic (Nd, O, H, 39Ar/40Ar) data. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 969–984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, C. M. (1983) Localization and genesis of komatiite-associated Fe–Ni–Cu sulphide mineralization at Kambalda, Western Australia. Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Australia.
Lesher, C. M.(1989) Komatiite-associated nickel sulfide deposits. In: and (eds.) Ore Deposition Associated with Magmas. pp. 45–102. Dordrecht: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
(1999) Komatiite Peridotite-Hosted Fe–Ni–Cu–(PGE) Sulphide Deposits in the Raglan Area, Cape Smith Belt, New Quebec, Guidebook Series, vol. 2. Sudbury: Mineral Exploration Centre.Google Scholar
Lesher, C. M.(2007) Deposits in the Raglan Area, Cape Smith Belt, New Quebec. In: (ed.) Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods, pp. 351–386. Geological Association of Canada Special Publication 5. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division.Google Scholar
Lesher, C. M., and Arndt, N. T. (1990) Geochemistry of komatiites at Kambalda, Western Australia: assimilation, crystal fractionation and lava replenishment. In: and (eds) Third International Archaean Symposium, Perth, 1990, Extended Abstracts, pp. 149–152. Perth: Geoconferences (W.A.).Google Scholar
, and (1995) REE and Nd isotope geochemistry, petrogenesis and volcanic evolution of contaminated komatiites at Kambalda, Western Australia. Lithos, 34, 127–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, C. M., Arndt, N. T., Groves, D. I. (1984) Genesis of komatiite-associated nickel suphide deposits at Kambalda, Western Australia: a distal volcanic model. In: and (eds.) Sulphide Deposits in Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks. pp. 70–80. London: Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, (2001) Multicomponent elemental and isotopic mixing in Ni–Cu–(PGE) ores at Kambalda, Western Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 421–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, C. M., Burnham, O. M., Keays, R. R., Barnes, Stephen J., Hulbert L. (1999) Geochemical discrimination of barren and mineralized komatiites in dynamic ore-forming magmatic systems. In: , , and (eds.) Dynamic Processes in Magmatic Ore Deposits and Their Application to Mineral Exploration. pp. 451–477. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course 13. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.Google Scholar
, , , , (2001) Geochemical discrimination of barren and mineralized komatiites associated with magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 673–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1993) Geochemical and fluid dynamic modelling of compositional variations in Archean komatiite-hosted nickel sulfide ores in Western Australia. Economic Geology, 88, 804–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, C. M., Groves, D. I. (1986) Controls on the formation of komatiite-associated nickel-copper sulfide deposits. In: (ed.) Geology and Metallogeny of Copper Deposits. Berlin: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, C. M., Keays, R. R. (2002) Komatiite-associated Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposits: Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis. In: (ed.) The Geology Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Mineral Beneficiation of the Platinum-Group Elements, pp. 579–617, Special Volume 54. Montreal: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.Google Scholar
, , , , (1981) Geochemistry of komatiites from Kambalda, Western Australia: I. Chalcophile element depletion – a consequence of sulfide liquid separation from komatiite magmas. Economic Geology, 76, 1714–1728.Google Scholar
Lesher, C. M., Stone W. E. (1996) Exploration geochemistry of komatiites. In: (ed.) Igneous Trace Element Geochemistry Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration, pp. 153–204, Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes 12. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.
Lévesque, M., and Lesher, C. M. (2002) Invasive Features of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks at the Zone 3, Zone 2, and Katinniq Ni–Cu–(PGE) Deposits, Raglan Formation, Cape Smith Belt, Nouveau-Québec, 9th International Platinum Symposium, Billings, Montana, pp. 257–260.
(1971) “Spinifex texture” in a slag, as evidence for its origin in rocks. Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Western Australia 1971, 45–49.Google Scholar
, (1973) The petrology of an ultramafic lava near Murphy Well, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia. Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Western Australia 1972, 60–68.Google Scholar
, (2005) Empirical equations to predict the sulfur content of mafic magmas at sulfide saturation and applications to magmatic sulfide deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 40, 218–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2004) The constancy of upper mantle fO2 through time inferred from V/Sc ratios in basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228, 483–493.Google Scholar
, , , , , (1998) Perseverance Nickel Deposit. Carlton: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2005) Viscosity of peridotite liquid up to 13 GPa: implications for magma ocean viscosities. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240, 589–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1990) Geochemistry of the Siberian trap of the Noril'sk area, USSR, with implications for the relative contributions of crust and mantle to flood basalt magmatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 104, 631–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2002) Phase relations and melt compositions in CMAS–pyrolite–system up to 25 GPa. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 134, 105–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lofgren, G. E. (1980) Experimental studies on the dynamic crystallization of silicate melts. In: (ed.) Physics of Magmatic Processes, pp. 487–552. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1975) Curved branching crystals and differentiation in comb-layered rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 274, 243–273.Google Scholar
, , , , (1974) Experimentally reproduced textures and mineral chemistry of Apollo 15 quartz-normative basalts. Proceedings of the Lunar Science Conference, 6, 79–99.Google Scholar
, (1999a) (eds.) Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Geological Society of America Special Paper 329. Boulder: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
Lowe, D. R., Byerly, G. R.(1999b) Stratigraphy of the west-central part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. In: , and , (eds.) Geologic evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, pp. 1–36, Geological Society of America Special Paper 329, Boulder: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
, (1984) 187Re–187Os investigation in sulfide from Cape Smith komatiite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64, 205–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1986) Re/Os isochron from Archean komatiite from Alexo, Ontario. Terra Cognita, 5, 323.Google Scholar
, , (1986) Determination of initial 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd in primary minerals from mafic and ultramafic rocks: experimental procedure and implications for the isotopic characteristics of the Archean mantle under the Abitibi greenstone belt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 2335–2348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1997) Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism. Washington: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mareschal, J.-C., Jaupart, C. (2006) In: , , (eds.) Archean Geodynamics and Environments, pp. 61–73. Geophysical Monograph Series, 164. Washington: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981) On the crystallinity, probability of occurrence, and rheology of lava and magma. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 78, 85–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984) Nickel mineralization in Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Mineral Resources Bulletin, 14, 271.Google Scholar
, , , (1981) Nickel sulfide deposits in Western Australia: a review. Economic Geology, 76, 1330–1363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1980) The distribution, petrology, and genesis of nickel ores at the Juan complex, Kambalda, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 75, 546–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1988) Crystal settling in a vigorously convecting magma chamber. Nature, 332, 534–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2002) Helium in Archean komatiites revisited: significantly high 3He/4He ratios revealed by fractional crushing gas extraction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 196, 213–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1999) The relative effects of pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity on the solubility of sulfide in mafic magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 1173–1180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1971) Clues to the origin of Archean eugeosynclinal peridotites and the nature of serpentinization. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication, 3, 281–299.Google Scholar
, (1994) Progressive growth of the Earth's continental crust and depleted mantle: geochemical constraints. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 4717–4738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1981) Sm–Nd age of Kambalda and Konowna greenstones and heterogeneity in the Archaean mantle. Nature, 294, 322–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1990) Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 101, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Water and sulfur contents of melt inclusions from Archean komatiites. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 76, 266.Google Scholar
, (1993) Intraplate origin of komatiites inferred from trace elements in glass inclusions. Nature, 365, 432–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984) The generation and compaction of partially molten rock. Journal of Petrology, 25, 713–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1988) The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. Journal of Petrology, 29, 625–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1988) Ground melting and ocellar komatiites: a lead isotopic study at Kambalda, Western Australia. Geological Magazine, 125, 285–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987) Deformation and remobilization in some Western Australian nickel ores, Ore Geology Reviews, 2, 269–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1991) The equation of state of molten komatiite, 2: Application to komatiite petrogenesis and the Hadean mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 11849–11864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1982) The partial molar volume of Fe2O3 in multicomponent silicate liquids and the pressure dependence of oxygen fugacity in magmas. Mineralogical Magazine, 45, 237–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2000) Geology of an Archaean metakomatiite succession, Tramways, Kambalda Ni province, Western Australia: assessing the extent to which volcanic facies architecture and flow emplacement mechanisms can be reconstructed. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 47, 659–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1987) Two-fold classification of Archean volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology, 82, 1057–1063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2006) Record of mid-Archaean subduction from metamorphism in the Barberton terrain, South Africa. Nature, 442, 559–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, (2005) Relative sea level change along the Slave craton coastline: characteristics of Archean continental rifting. Sedimentary Geology, 176, 97–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller, W. U. (2005) Physical volcanology of komatiites. In: , , , , (eds.) The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and Events, pp. 277–290. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
, , (2005) Mesoarchean continental breakup: evolution and inferences from the > 2.8 Ga Slave craton-cover succession, Canada. Journal of Geology, 113, 23–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1979) The Dundonald deposit: an example of volcanic-type nickel sulfide ore in ultramafic lavas. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 351–360.Google Scholar
, (1986) The effects of temperature, oxygen fugacity and melt composition of the behaviour of chromium in basic and ultrabasic melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 1871–1887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, J. S., Swager, C. (1997) The Yilgarn Craton, Australia. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts, pp. 640–656. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(1964a) Talc-carbonate alteration of some serpentinized ultramafic rocks south of Timmins, Ontario. Journal of Petrology, 7, 489–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naldrett, A. J.(1964b) Ultrabasic rocks of the Porcupine and related nickel deposits. Ph.D. thesis. Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
(1966) The role of sulphurization in the genesis of iron–nickel sulphide deposits of the Porcupine district, Ontario. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Transactions, 69, 147–155.Google Scholar
(1969) A portion of the system Fe–S–O and its application to sulfide ore magmas. Journal of Petrology, 10, 171–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973) Nickel sulphide deposits: their classification and genesis, with special emphasis on deposits of volcanic association. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bulletin, 66, 45–63.Google Scholar
(2004) Magmatic Sulfide Deposits: Geology, Geochemistry and Exploration. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (1999) Platinum-group elements in the Sudbury ores: significance with respect to the origin of different ore zones and to the exploration for footwall orebodies. Economic Geology, 94, 185–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1986) The behaviour of platinum group elements during fractional crystallization and partial melting with special reference to the composition of magmatic sulfide. Research Fortschritte der Mineralogie, 64, 113–134.Google Scholar
Naldrett, A. J., Campbell, I. H. (1982) Physical and chemical constraints on genetic models for komatiite-related Ni-sulphide deposits. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 423–434. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, (1971) Archaean nickel sulphide deposits in Canada; their classification, geological setting and genesis with some suggestions as to exploration. Special Publication 3, pp. 201–225. Perth: Geological Society of Australia.Google Scholar
, , , , , (1979) The composition of Ni-sulfide ores, with particular reference to their content of PGE and Au. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 403–416.Google Scholar
, (1968) Contrasting Archaean ultramafic igneous bodies in Dundonald and Clerque Townships, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 5, 111–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1977) The geology and petrogenesis of a greenstone belt and related nickel sulfide mineralization at Yakabindie, Western Australia. Precambrian Research, 5, 43–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997) Evolution of the Archaean granite-greenstone terranes of the Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia: SHRIMP U–Pb zircon constraints. Precambrian Research, 83, 57–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998) Granite-greenstone crust formation on the Archaean Earth – a consequence of two superimposed processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 158, 109–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1971) Skeletal crystal forms in the ultramafic rocks of the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia: evidence for an Archaean ultramafic liquid. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication, 3, 331–347.Google Scholar
, , (1982) Komatiites: an early Precambrian phenomenon. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 14, 31–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1976) Geochemistry of Archaean spinifex-textured peridotites and magnesian and low-magnesian tholeiites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 31, 433–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbet, E. G. (1982) The tectonic setting and petrogenesis of komatiites. In: and (eds.) Komatiites. pp. 501–520. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (1987) Uniquely fresh 2.7 Ga komatiites from the Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Geology, 15, 1147–1150.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1977) The mafic and ultramafic lavas of the Belingwe greenstone belt, Rhodesia. Journal of Petrology, 18, 521–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1993a) Constraining the potential temperature of the Archaean mantle: a review of the evidence from komatiites. Lithos, 30, 291–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1981) Controls on the eruption of mafic and ultramafic lavas: Ruth Well Cu–Ni prospect, western Pilbara. Economic Geology, 76, 1729–1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbet, E. G., Martin, A., Bickle, M. J., Orpen, J. L. (1993b) The Ngezi Group: komatiites, basalts and stromatolites on continental crust. In: and (eds.) The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, pp. 121–166. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2004) Hf isotope systematics of kimberlites and their megacrysts: new constraints on their source regions. Journal of Petrology, 45, 1583–1612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2007) An origin for harrisitic and granular olivine in the Rum Layered Suite, NW Scotland: a crystal size distribution study. Journal of Petrology, 48, 253–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1991) Ages of serpentinization, stable isotope compositions and evidence for oceanic serpentinization in ophiolites. Geological Society of America Abstracts with program, 23, A147.Google Scholar
(1968) The bearing of phase equilibrium studies on the origin and evolution of basic and ultrabasic rocks. Earth Science Reviews, 4, 69–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980) Nonlinear nature, of the unavoidable long-lived isotopic, trace and major element contamination of a developing magma chamber. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, A297, 215–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1995) Experimental petrochemistry of some highly siderophile elements at high temperatures, and some implications for core formation and the mantle's early history. Chemical Geology, 120, 255–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1996) Field occurrence, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Archean mid-ocean ridge basalts (AMORBs) of the Cleaverville area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Lithos, 37, 199–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984) Generation of komatiite magma and gravitational differentiation in the deep upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 261–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1997) A link between cratonic peridotite and komatiite: experimental evidence for melting of wet Archean mantle. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 78, 750.Google Scholar
, , (1986) Melting of a model chondritic mantle to 20 GPa. Nature, 322, 352–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1989) Partitioning of elements between majorite garnet and melt and implications for petrogenesis of komatiite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 103, 263–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1981) Melting of forsterite up to 15 GPa. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 27, 32–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1996) Origin of cratonic peridotite and komatiite: evidence for melting in the wet Archean mantle. Proceedings Japan Academy, 72, 113–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1988) Majorite garnet stability and its implication for genesis of komatiite magmas. Chemical Geology, 70, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1995) Melting relations of peridotite and the density crossover in planetary mantles. Chemical Geology, 120, 207–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohtani, E., Suzuki, A., Kato, T. (1998) Flotation of olivine and diamond in mantle melt at high pressure: implications for fractionation in the deep mantle and ultradeep origin of diamond. In: and (eds) Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials, pp. 227–239. Washington: American Geophysical Union.Google Scholar
Olinger, B. (1977) Compression studies of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and enstitatite (MgOSiO3). In: and (eds.) High-Pressure Research, pp. 325–335. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
, , , (1972) Metamorphic olivine in ultramafic rocks from Western Australia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 36, 335–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1981) The proximal volcanic environment of the Scotia nickel deposits. Economic Geology, 76, 1469–1479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1997) Emplacement conditions of komatiite magmas from the 3.49 Ga Komati Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 150, 303–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2001) The production of Barberton komatiites in an Archean subduction zone. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2513–2516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1996) Pyroxene compositions in 3.49 Ga komatiite: evidence of variable H2O content. EOS (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union), 77, 280.Google Scholar
, , , (2004) A subduction origin for komatiites and cratonic lithospheric mantle. South African Journal of Geology, 107, 107–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2003) Constraints on the pre-metamorphic trace element composition of Barberton komatiites from ion probe analyses of preserved clinopyroxene. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144, 383–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1984) The mean life of the continents is not constrained by Nd and Hf isotopes. Geophysical Research Letters, 11, 151–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1980) A routine high-precision method for Lu–Hf isotope geochemistry and geochronology. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 78, 263–267.Google Scholar
, , , (1994) Experimentally-determined sulfide melt-silicate melt partition coefficients for iridium and palladium. Chemical Geology, 117, 361–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1968) A contribution to the theory of variation diagrams. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 19, 142–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987) The identification and assessment of spurious trends in Pearce-type ratio variation diagrams: a discussion of some statistical arguments. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 97, 529–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1977) Numercial analysis of lava lake cooling models. Part II: application to Alae lava lake, Hawaii. American Journal of Science, 277, 415–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985) Reaction between picritic magma and continental crust: early Tertiary silicic basalts and magnesian andesites from Disko, West Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greenland, 152, 126.Google Scholar
, , (1995) The physical volcanology of Archean komatiite sequences from Forestania, Southern Cross Province, Western Australia. Lithos, 34, 189–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1996) Geochemistry of Archaean komatiites from the Forrestania Greenstone Belt, Western Australia: evidence for supracrustal contamination. Lithos, 37, 181–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2002) Boninite-like volcanic rocks in the 3.7–3.8 Ga Isua greenstone belt, West Greenland: geochemical evidence for intra-oceanic subduction zone processes in the early Earth. Chemical Geology, 184, 231–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1999) Geochemical diversity in oceanic komatiites and basalts from the late Archean Wawa greenstone belt, Superior Province, Canada: trace element and Nd isotope evidence for a heterogeneous mantle. Precambrian Research, 94, 139–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2005) Geochemical characteristics of the Neoarchean (2800–2700 Ma) Taishan greenstone belt, North China Craton: evidence for plume-craton interaction. Chemical Geology, 230, 60–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001) Komatiite-hosted Hunters Road nickel deposit, central Zimbabwe: physical volcanology and sulfide genesis. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48, 681–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003) The nickeliferous Late Archean Reliance komatiitic event in the Zimbabwe craton-magmatic architecture, physical volcanology, and ore genesis. Economic Geology, 98, 865–891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prest, V. K. (1950) Geology of the Keith–Muskego townships area. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report, 59, 44p.
, , (2004a) Precise Pt–Re–Os isotope systematics of the mantle from 2.7-Ga komatiites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 224, 157–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1999) Precise Re–Os mineral isochron and Pb–Nd–Os isotope systematics of a mafic-ultramafic sill in the 2.0 Ga Onega plateau (Baltic Shield). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 170, 447–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2001a) 187Os-enriched domain in an Archean mantle plume: evidence from 2.8 Ga komatiites of the Kostomuksha greenstone belt, NW Baltic Shield. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 186, 513–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2001b) Os-isotope systematics of komatiitic basalts from the Vetreny belt, Baltic Shield: evidence for a chondritic source of the 2.45 Ga plume. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 140, 588–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1997) Petrology and geochemistry of crustally contaminated komatiitic basalts from the Vetreny belt, southeastern Baltic Shield: evidence for an early Proterozoic mantle plume beneath the rifted Archean continental lithosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 1205–1222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (1997) The Kostomuksha Greenstone Belt, NW Baltic Shield- remnant of a late Archaean oceanic plateau. Terra Nova, 9, 87–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2000). Platinum group elements in Kostamuksha komatiites and basalts: implications for oceanic crust recycling and core–mantle interaction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 4227–4242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) Platinum group element fractionation in a komatiitic basalt lava lake. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2979–2993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2004b) Platinum group element geochemistry of komatiites from the Alexo and Pyke Hill areas, Ontario, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, 1361–1383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puchtel, I. S., Humayun, M., Walker, R. J. (2007) Os–Pb–Nd isotope and highly siderophile and lithophile trace element systematics of komatiitic rocks from the Volotsk suite, Baltic Shield, Precambrian Research, in press.
Puchtel, I. S., Zhuralev, D. Z. (1989) Petrology and geochemistry of early and late Archean komatiites from Olekma granite greenstone terrain. 28th International Geological Congress, Abstracts.
, , , , (1991). Komatiite from the Vodla Block, Baltic Shield: a window to the early Archean mantle. Doklady Akademia Nauk SSSR, 317, 197–203.Google Scholar
, , , (1993) Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed komatiites and basalts from the Tungurcha greenstone belt, Aldan Shield. Precambrian Research, 62, 399–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1970) Geology of the Langmuir and Blackstock Townships, District of Timiskaming: Ontario, Canada. Toronto: Ontario Department of Mines.Google Scholar
(1975) On the Relationship of Gold Mineralization and Ultramafic Volcanic Rocks in the Timmins Area: Ontario, Canada. Ontario Division of Mines Miscellaneous Paper 63. Toronto: Ontario Division of Mines.Google Scholar
(1982) Geology of the Timmins area. Ontario Geological Survey Report, 219. Toronto: Ontario Geological Survey.Google Scholar
, , (1973) Archean ultramafic flows in Munro Township, Ontario. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 84, 955–978.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ransom, B., Byerly, G. R., Lowe, D. R. (1999) Subaqueous to subaerial Archean ultramafic phreatomagmatic volcanism, Kromberg Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. In: and (eds.) Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, pp. 151–166, Geological Society of America Special Paper 329. Boulder: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
Räsänen, J. (1996) Palaeovolcanology of the Sattasvaara komatiites, northern Finland: evidence for emplacement in a shallow water environmen. In: IGCP Project 336 Symposium in Rovaniemi, Finland, 21–23 August 1996, Program and Abstracts. pp.69–70. Publications of the Geology Department, University of Turku vol. 38. Turku: University of Turku.
, , (1989) Komatiites, low-Ti basalts and andesites in the Moykkelma area, Central Finnish Lapland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation, 88, 1–41.Google Scholar
, , (1983) An ion microprobe study of the partitioning of trace elements between clinopyroxene and liquid in the system diopside-albite-anorthite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 47, 2131–2140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1985) Archaean basic volcanism in the Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. Precambrian Research, 30, 113–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (1999) Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd in basalts and komatiites: new constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum-group elements in the mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 3915–3934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renner, R. (1989) Cooling and crystallization of komatiite flows from Zimbabwe. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
, , , , , (1994) Komatiite flows from the Reliance Formation, Belingwe Belt, Zimbabwe: I. Petrography and mineralogy. Journal of Petrology, 35, 361–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2000) Geochemical study of ultramafic volcanic and plutonic rocks from Gorgona Island, Colombia: plumbing system of an oceanic plateau. Journal of Petrology, 41, 1127–1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , , (2002) Heterogeneity of the Caribbean plateau mantle source: new constraints from Sr, O and He isotope compositions of olivine and clinopyroxene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 91–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2001) Physical modeling of the formation of komatiite-hosted nickel deposits and a review of the thermal erosion paradigm. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 491–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1996) Helium isotope evidence of a lower mantle component in depleted Archean komatiite. Science, 273, 93–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1988) A major change in the thermal state of the Earth at the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary: consequences for the nature and preservation of continental lithosphere. Journal of Petrology, Special Lithosphere Issue, 39–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1984) Densities of liquid silicates at high pressure. Science, 226, 1071–1074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1988) Shock compression of molten silicate: results for a model basaltic composition. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 367–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986) Applications of Stable Isotope Studies to Problems of Magmatic Sulfide Ore Genesis with Special Reference to the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
(1984) Emplacement and metamorphism of Archean mafic volcanics of Kambalda, Western Australia–geochemical and isotopic constraints. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38, 1305–1318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1970) Olivine–liquid equilibrium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 29, 275–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1986) Ratio correlations and major element mobility in altered basalts and komatiites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 93, 89–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2005) An intrusive origin for the komatiitic dunite-hosted Mt Keith disseminated nickel sulfide deposit, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 100, 149–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2007) Internal stratigraphic architecture of the komatiitic dunite-hosted MKD5 disseminated nickel sulphide deposit, Mount Keith Domain, Agnew–Wiluna Greenstone Belt, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 126, 821–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, J. R., Hopkins, G. M. F. (1975) The nickel sulphide deposits of Kambalda, Western Australia. In: (ed.) Economic Geology of Australia and Papua-New Guinea Vol 1, Metals, pp. 100–121, Monograph 5. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, (1979) Precious metals in volcanic-type nickel sulphide deposits in Western Australia. I. Relationship with the composition of the ores and their host rocks. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 417–435.Google Scholar
, (2005) Geodynamic and metabolic cycles in the Hadean. Biogeosciences, 2, 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1988) Rheology of subliquidus magmas. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 3421–3436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1980) Ultramafic flows of the Crixas greenstone belt, Goias, Brazil. Precambrian Research, 22, 23–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2004) Geology and tectonostratigraphic assemblages, East Uchi subprovince, Red lake and Birch-Uchi belts, Ontario. Open File 4256, Geological Survey of Canada.
, (2000) Tectonostratigraphy, structure, and geochemistry of the Mesoarchean Wallace Lake greenstone belt, southeastern Manitoba, Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, 2000-C14, 9pp.Google Scholar
(1951a) Geology of Harker Township. In: Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report, 1951. Toronto: Ontario Department of Mines.Google Scholar
(1951b) Geology of Munro Township. In: Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report, 1951. Toronto: Ontario Department of Mines.Google Scholar
Saunders, A. D., Fitton, J. G., Kerr, A. C., Norry, M. J., Kent, R. W. (1997) The North Atlantic Igneous Province. In: and (eds.) Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism, pp. 95–122. Washington: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, A. D., Storey, M., Kent, R. W., Norry, M. J. (1992) Consequences of plume-lithosphere interactions. In: , and (eds.) Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Break-Up, pp. 41–60. London: The Geological Society.Google Scholar
(1985) The pyroclastic komatiite complex at Sattasvaara in northern Finland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 57, 55–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987) The Lapland greenstone belt: stratigraphic and depositional features in northern Finland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 59, 129–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarfe, C. (1987) Pressure dependence of the viscosity of silica melts. In: B. O. Mysen (ed.). Magmatic Processes: Physicochemical Principles. pp. 59–68. Special Publication No 1. The Geochemical Society.
, (1991) Two komatiitic pyroclastic units, Superior Province, NW Ontario: their geology, petrography and correlation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 1455–1470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schau, M. (1977) Komatiites and quartzites in the Archaean Price Albert Group. In: , and (eds.) Volcanic Regimes in Canada, pp. 341–354. Ottawa: Geological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
(1999) Particle dynamics and aggregation of crystals in a magma chamber with application to Kilauea Iki olivines. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 88, 209–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2004) Tenor variation within komatiite-associated nickel sulphide deposits: insights from the Wannaway Deposit, Widgiemooltha Dome, Western Australia. Mineralogy and Petrology, 82, 317–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Self, S., Keszthelyi, L. P., Thordarson, T. (2000) Discussion of: ‘Pulsed inflation of pahoehoe lava flows: implications for flood basalt emplacement’, by S. W. Anderson, E. R. Stofan, E. R. Smrekar, J. E. Guest and B. Wood [Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 168 (1999) 7–18]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 179, 421–423.CrossRef
, , , et al. (1996) A new model for the emplacement of Columbia River basalts as large, inflated pahoehoe lava flow fields. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 2689–2692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Self, S., Thordarson, T., Keszthelyi, L.(1997) Emplacement of continental flood basalt lava flows. In: and (eds.) Large Igneous Provinces. pp. 381–410. Washington: American Geophysical Union.Google Scholar
(1969) Rheology of basalt in the melting range. Journal of Petrology, 10, 510–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972) Viscosities of magmatic liquids: an empirical method of calculation. American Journal of Science, 272, 870–893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1975) Solubility of sulfur in an ultramafic melt and the relevance of the system Fe–S–O. Economic Geology, 70, 960–967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2005) The geochemistry of ultramafic to mafic volcanics from the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: magmatism in an Archean continental large igneous province. Journal of Petrology, 46, 2367–2394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2004) Discovery of Archean continental and mantle fragments inferred from xenocrysts in komatiites, the Belingwe greenstone belts, Zimbabwe. Geology, 32, 285–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2001) Water content of melt inclusion in Cr-spinel of 2.7 Ga komatiite from Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 78, 750.Google Scholar
, (1994) Re–OS and Sm–Nd isotopic constraints on basaltic komatiitic volcanism and magmatic sulphide formation in the Cape Smith Foldbelt, Quebec. Mineralogical Magazine, 58A, 835–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Os–Nd isotope systematics of ultramafic–mafic magmatism: Cape Smith foldbelt and midcontinental rift system. IGCP Project 336, Proceedings, Duluth. pp. 175–176.Google Scholar
, (1986) Mantle heterogeneity and crustal recycling in Archean granite-greenstone belts: evidence from Nd isotopes and trace elements in the Rainy Lake area, Superior Province, Ontario, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 2631–2651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1995) Carius-tube digestion for low-blank rhenium-osmium analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 34, 2136–2141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shore, M. (1996) Cooling and crystallization of komatiite flows. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ottawa.
, , (1997) The origin of B1 zones in komatiites. Journal of Petrology, 11, 1565–1584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2005) Geochemical and tectono-magmatic evolution of the volcano-sedimantary rocks of Pechenga and other greenstone fragments within the Kola Greenstone Belt, Russia. Precambrian Research, 141, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1982) Archaean plate tectonics: constraints and inferences. Journal of Geology, 90, 363–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1989) Nd isotopic evolution of the Precambrian mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 93, 14–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1985) Geochemical character of southern African kimberlites: a new approach based on isotopic constraints. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 88, 267–280.Google Scholar
Smith, H. S., Erlank, A. J. (1982) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of komatiites from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 347–398. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
, , (1980) Geochemistry of some ultramafic komatiite lava flows from the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 11, 399–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. S., O'Neil, J. R., Erlank, A. J. (1984) Oxygen isotope compositions of minerals and rocks and chemical alteration patterns in pillow lavas from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. In: , and (eds.) Archaean Geochemistry, pp. 115–138. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2005) An olivine free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts. Nature, 434, 590–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , et al. (2007) Estimating the amount of recycled crust in sources of mantle-derived melts. Science, 316, 412–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1975) Magmatic crystallization based on the study of melt inclusions, partial translation in ‘Fluid Inclusion Research’. Proceedings COFFI 9, 182–253.Google Scholar
Sorjonen-Ward, P., Nironen, M., Luukkonen, E. (1997) Greenstone associations in Finland. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts. pp. 677–698. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
, , , (2002) Secular variations in the geochemistry of komatiitic rocks from the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada. Precambrian Research, 115, 153–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2005) Chalcophile element geochemistry and metallogenesis of komatiitic rocks in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada. Economic Geology, 100, 1169–1190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St-Onge, M. R., Lucas, S. B. (1990) Evolution of the Cape Smith Belt: early Proterozoic continental underthrusting, ophiolite obduction, and thick-skinned folding. In: and (eds.) The Early Proterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America, pp. 313–352. Ottawa: Geological Association Canada.Google Scholar
, (1993a) Controls on the regional distribution of iron-nickel-copper-platinum-group element mineralization in the eastern Cape Smith Belt, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 206–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1993b) Geology of the Eastern Cape Smith Belt: Parts of the Kangiqsujuaq, cratère du Nouveau-Québec and Lacs Nuvilik Map Areas, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir, 438, 1–110.Google Scholar
St. Onge, M. R., Lucas, S. B., Scott, D. J. (1997) The Ungava Orogen and the Cape Smith Thrust Belt. In: and (eds.), Greenstone Belts, pp. 772–780. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
, (1980) An Archean ultramafic turbidite from Lac Guyer, James Bay area, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 1576–1582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1981) Melt segregation from partially molten source regions: the importance of melt density and source region size. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 6261–6271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1981) The komatiite nickel sulfide association at Scotia: a petrochemical investigation of the ore environment. Economic Geology, 76, 1480–1502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2000) A crustally contaminated komatiitic dyke–sill–lava complex, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario. Precambrian Research, 102, 21–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2004) Structural controls on nickel sulphide ore shoots in Archaean komatiite, Kambalda, WA: the volcanic trough controversy revisited. Journal of Structural Geology, 26, 1173–1194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1993) Sulfide-poor platinum-group mineralization in komatiitic systems: Boston Creek Flow, layered basaltic komatiite, Abitibi Belt, Ontario. Economic Geology, 88, 817–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1995) Differentiation processes in an unusual iron-rich alumina-poor Archean ultramafic/mafic igneous body. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 119, 287–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2005) Anomalously high δD values in an Archean ferropicritic melt: implications for magma degassing. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1745–1758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1997) Evidence for hydrous high-MgO melts in the Precambrian. Geology, 25, 143–146.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2004) Nickel tenor variations between Archaean komatiite-associated nickel sulphide deposits, Kambalda ore field, Western Australia: the metamorphic modification model revisited. Mineralogy and Petrology, 82, 295–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1987) Petrography and geochemistry of an unusual Fe-rich basaltic komatiite from Boston Township, northeastern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 2537–2550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, W. E., Masterman, E. E. (1998) Kambalda nickel deposits. In: and (eds.) Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea, pp. 347–356. Melbourne: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Google Scholar
, , (2003) Hydromagmatic amphibole in komatiitic, tholeiitic and ferropicritic units, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario and Quebec: evidence for Archaean wet basic and ultrabasic melt. Mineralogy and Petrology, 77, 39–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1991) Are oceanic plateaus sites of komatiite formation?Geology, 19, 376–379.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, S.-S. (1984) Geochemical characteristics of Archean ultramafic and mafic volcanic rocks: implications for mantle composition and evolution. In: , and (eds.) Archaean Geochemistry, pp. 25–47. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, S.-S., Nesbitt, R. W., McCulloch, M. T. (1989) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Archaean and early Proterozoic siliceous high magnesian basalts. In: (ed.) Boninites and Related Rocks, pp. 148–173. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
, (1978) Petrogenesis of Archean ultrabasic and basic volcanics: evidence from rare earth elements. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 65, 301–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1997) Crustal structure of granite-greenstone terranes in the Eastern Goldfields, Yilgarn craton as revealed by seismic reflection profiling. Precambrian Research, 83, 43–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (1990) Geology of the Archaean Kalgoorlie terrane – an explanatory note. Western Australian Geological Survey Record, 1990/12.Google Scholar
(1973) Pahoehoe flows from the 1969–1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84, 615–626.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1975) Linear vent systems and estimated rates of magma production and eruption for the Yakina Basalt on the Columbia Plateau. American Journal of Science, 275, 877–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sylvester, P. J., Harper, G. D., Byerly, G. R., Thurston, P. C. (1997) Volcanic aspects. In: and (eds.) Greenstone Belts, pp. 55–90. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
, , (2000) Melt inclusion evidence for komatiite genesis in the Gorgona plume. Journal of Conference Abstracts, 5, 975.Google Scholar
(1986) Melting of a dry peridotite KLB1 up to 14 GPa: implications on the origin of peridotite upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 9367–9382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1983) Melting of a dry peridotite at high pressures and basalt magma genesis. American Mineralogist, 68, 859–879.Google Scholar
, , , (1993) Melting study of a peridotite KLB-1 to 6.5 GPa, and the origin of basaltic magmas. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A 342, 105–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2005) Komatiitic tuffs of the 3.5–3.2 Ga Onverwacht Group of the southern Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 37, 292.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2004) Hf–Nd isotope constraints on the origin of the Cretaceous Caribbean plateau and its relationship to the Galapagos plume. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 217, 59–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2001) Early Cretaceous basalt and picrite dykes of the southern Etendeka region, NW Namibia: windows into the role of the Tristan mantle plume in Parana–Etendeka Magmatism. Journal of Petrology, 42, 2049–2081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989) Petrology and stratigraphy of some texturally well preserved thin komatiites from Kambalda, Western Australia. Geological Magazine, 126, 249–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1998) The Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Group – a gigantic pahoehoe lava flow field formed by endogenous processes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 27411–27445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002) Autochthonous development of Superior Province greenstone belts?Precambrian Research, 115, 11–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1999) Plume magmatism and crustal growth at 2.9 and 3.0 Ga in the Steep Rock and Lumby Lake area, western Superior Province. Lithos, 46, 103–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005) The thermodynamics of iron and magnesium partitioning between olivine and liquid: criteria for assessing and predicting equilibrium in natural and experimental systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 149, 22–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1991) Resetting of REE and Nd and Sr isotopes during carbonatization of a komatiite flow from Finland. Chemical Geology, 90, 15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2004) Contemporaneous ultramafic and felsic intrusive and extrusive magmatism in the Archaean Boorara Domain, Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, Western Australia, and its implications. Precambrian Research, 131 (3–4), 283–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (2003) Can the role of thermal erosion in strongly deformed komatiite–Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposits be determined? Perseverance, Agnew-Wiluna Belt, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 50, 199–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsomondo, J. M. (1995) The Shurugwi Chromite Deposits; New Perspectives and Exploration Outlook, pp. 25–37. Special Publication 3. Geological Society of Zimbabwe.
, (1971) Rubidium–strontium geochronology in the Kalgoorlie region. Geological Society Australia, Special Publication, 3, 72–74.Google Scholar
, , (1986) Komatiites II: experimental and theoretical investigations of post-emplacement cooling and crystallization. Journal of Petrology, 27, 397–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , (2002) Matching conjugate volcanic rifted margins: 40Ar/39Ar chrono-stratigraphy of pre-and syn-rift bimodal flood volcanism in Ethiopia and Yemen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198, 289–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1982) Viscosity of liquid silica, silicates and alumino-silicates. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46, 1061–1072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1979) Physical constraints on the characteristics of nickel-sulfide ore in ultramafic lavas. Canadian Mineralogy, 17, 361–372.Google Scholar
(2006) Volcanic degassing, hydrothermal circulation and the flourishing of early life on Earth: A review of the evidence from c. 3490–3240 Ma rocks of the Pilbara Supergroup, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Earth-Science Reviews, 74, 197–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (2004) Critical tests of vertical vs. horizontal tectonic models for the Archaean East Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Precambrian Research, 131, 173–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1975) Petrologiya ul'trabazitov severa Siberskoy platformy i nekotoryye problemy ikh genezisa [Petrology of the Ultrabasites in the North Siberian Platform and Some Problems of Their Origin] (in Russian). Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
, (1999) Evolution of the depleted mantle: Hf isotope evidence from juvenile rocks through time. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 533–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1996) Constraints on early Earth differentiation from hafnium and neodymium isotopes. Nature, 379, 624–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viljoen, M. J., Viljoen, R. P. (1969a) Archaean vulcanity and continental evolution in the Barberton region, Transvaal. In: and (eds.) African Magmatism and Tectonics, pp. 27–39. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
, (1969b) Evidence for the existence of a mobile extrusive peridotitic magma from the Komati Formation of the Onverwacht Group. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 21, 87–112.Google Scholar
, (1969c) The geology and geochemistry of the lower ultramafic unit of the Onverwacht Group and a proposed new class of igneous rocks. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 21, 55–85.Google Scholar
, , , (1983) Geological, textural, and geochemical features of komatiitic flows from the Komati formation. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 9, 1–20.Google Scholar
Viljoen, R. P., Viljoen M. J. (1982) Komatiites – an historical review. In: and (eds.) Komatiites. pp. 5–18. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
(1956) The geology of the Barberton Area. Geological Survey of South Africa, Special Publication, 15, 1–253.Google Scholar
, , , (1976) Crystallization history of lunar picritic basalt sample 12002: phase equilibria and cooling rate studies. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 87, 646–656.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1970) Compound and simple lava flows and flood basalts. Bulletin of Volcanology, 35, 579–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1988) Comparative Re–Os, Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr isotope and trace element systematics from Archean komatiiite flows from Munro Township, Abitibi Belt, Ontario. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , (1991) Re–Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107, 150–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1995) 187Os enrichment in some mantle plume sources: evidence for core-mantle interaction?Science, 269, 819–822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (2002) 187Os isotopic constraints on Archean mantle dynamics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 3317–3325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , (1999) Implications of 187Os isotopic heterogeneities in a mantle plume: evidence from Gorgona Island and Curaçao. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 713–728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998) Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiites and depleted lithosphere. Journal of Petrology, 39, 29–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1990) Phase relations of alumina-undepleted and alumina-depleted komatiites at pressures of 4–12 GPa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 15817–15828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982) Sulfide saturation of basalt and andesite melts at high pressures and temperature. American Mineralogist, 67, 877–885.Google Scholar
, (1977) Rare-earth element abundances in a thick, layered komatiite lava flow from Ontario, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 41, 188–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1957) The geology of the eastern portion of the Hartley gold belt. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Southern Rhodesia, 44.Google Scholar
, , (1998) Emplacement and erosion by Archean komatiite lava flows at Kambalda: revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research – Solid Earth, 103, 27533–27549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D. A., Kerr, R. C., Lesher, C. M.(1999) Thermal and fluid dynamics of komatiitic lavas associated with magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits. In: , , and (eds.) Dynamic Processes in Magmatic Ore Deposits and Their Application to Mineral Exploration, pp. 367–412, Geological Association of Canada Short Course, vol. 13. Ottawa: Geological Association of Canada.Google Scholar
, , , (2002) Analytical/numerical modeling of komatiite lava emplacement and thermal erosion at Perseverance, Western Australia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 110, 27–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972) Archaean ultramafic, mafic and associated rocks, Mt Monger, Western Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19, 163–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1979) Reassessment of part of the Barberton type area. Precambrian Research, 9, 325–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992) The geology of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe: crystallization, layering and cumulate formation in the P1 pyroxenite of Cyclic Unit 1 of the Darwendale Subchamber. Journal of Petrology, 33, 611–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003) A new class of silica enriched, highly depleted komatiites in the southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 127, 125–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1989) A Sm–Nd and Pb isotopic study of Archaean greenstone belts in the southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 96, 89–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (2003) Archaean ultra-depleted komatiites formed by hydrous melting of cratonic mantle. Nature, 423, 858–861.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , (1989) Emplacement, crystallization and alteration of spinifex-textured komatiitic basalt flows in the Archaean Nondweni greenstone belt, southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 301–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1970) The Kambalda Nickel Deposits. Ninth Commonwealth Mining and Metallurgy Congress, 1969, London, 2, 517–533.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (1993) Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 3677–3704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodhead, J., Kent, A. J., Hergt, J., Bolhar, R., Rowe, M. C. (2005) Volatile contents of komatiite magmas and the Archaean mantle: insights from melt inclusions in komatiites. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2005, abstract V52A-05.
, , (2002) Assembly of Archean cratonic mantle lithosphere and crust: plume-arc interaction in the Abitibi–Wawa subduction–accretion complex. Precambrian Research, 115, 37–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999) A 2.7 Ga depleted tholeiite suite: evidence of plume-arc interaction in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada. Precambrian Research, 97, 27–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1998) A 2.7 Ga komatiite low/Ti tholeiite arc tholeiite transition and inferred proto-arc geodynamic setting of the Kidd Creek deposit: evidence from precise ICP MS trace element data. Economic Geology, Monograph, 10, 511–528.Google Scholar
, (1994) Silicate-perovskite and majorite signature komatiites from the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: Implications for early mantle differentiation and stratification. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 15799–15812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , (1993) HFSE/REE fractionations recorded in three komatiite-basalt sequences, Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: implications for multiple plume sources and depths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 4111–4118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahnle, K., Arndt, N. T., Cockell, C., et al. (2007) Emergence of a habitable planet. In: , , , , (eds.) Geology, and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets, pp. 35–78. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (1999) Experimental studies on silicate structures of basaltic glasses quenched at 1650℃ and 1–3.5 GPa. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44, 461–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zindler, A. (1982) Nd and Sr isotopic studies of komatiites and related rocks. In: and (eds.) Komatiites, pp. 399–420. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar